EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어독해연습 2강
7 구전 문화의 정보 전달의 정확성
We tend to ____ the effectiveness of oral cultures.
We’re all familiar with the children’s game in which a message is whispered from ____ person to another until it goes around a room.
The message invariably gets distorted — sometimes with hilarious results — when the original message and the ____ message are compared.
But this is misleading. When it is important, oral cultures can accurately transmit information across long distances and through ____.
For example, American author Alex Haley was able to discover an oral record of his ancestors in Africa, and his search is described in the 1976 ____, Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
Similarly, the Odyssey and Iliad were originally heroic oral histories of Greek culture that were only ____ down many centuries after they were composed.
8 이로운 적응인 감정
Emotions meet the criteria of being advantageous ____.
Take, for example, two animals squaring off in a fight over ____.
As they prepare to lock horns, literally or figuratively, their ____ feelings prompt a repertoire of bodily reactions.
When an animal’s back arches and its hair ____ on end, it appears larger and stronger.
When it bares its teeth, frowns its brows, makes fierce noises, or displays its horns, it signals to the other ____ that fighting such a strong adversary may not be worth it.
These signals — displays of aggression — directly improve the chances that the other animal ____ withdraw, thus preventing violence and avoiding potential injury or death.
Sending these signals benefits the species, as does the ability to interpret these messages. ____ a win-win.
9 이탈리아의 문화적 정체성과 생활 방식의 변화
With the construction and furnishing of interior space from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century, Italians created a world in which they could develop a different style of life and in which a ____ culture came to be defined.
This is why so much was spent on objects, why so ____ new kinds of objects came into existence, why the arts flourished now in the domestic world as they had earlier in the ecclesiastical world.
Consumption was a creative force to construct a cultural ____.
In inventing all kinds of new furnishings ranging from pottery to paintings, in elaborating their forms, in refining their production, and in organizing them into new spatial arrangements within their homes, Italians discovered new values and ____ for themselves, reordered their lives with new standards of comportment, communicated something about themselves to others — in short, generated culture, and in the process created identities for themselves.
In this cultural ____ there was a dynamic for change that resulted from the interaction between people and physical objects.
10 개척 정착민에게 지급된 자영 농지의 분배 방식
The distribution of US farm ____ granted to pioneer settlers is a classic case of artificial boundaries not matching natural boundaries.
Properties were allocated based on surveys with regular north-south and east-west boundaries, regardless of the lay of the ____.
This meant boundaries of ____ were unrelated to boundaries of watersheds. Some homesteads were high and dry.
Others were lower and ____, but subject to flooding.
Downstream landowners could not control erosion and ____ from upstream properties.
Thus, an uphill landowner’s effects on the environment could harm another ____ downhill, but the lower landowner had no options.
These nineteenth-century decisions have consequences to this ____.
For example, one of the most challenging problems for Austin College’s Sneed grassland restoration is erosive flash-flood ____ from poorly managed upstream properties.
11 출판 편향의 오류
Publication bias means that the size of an effect could be overstated for many behavioral ____ reported in the peer-reviewed literature.
For example, suppose you read a few studies showing that a new behavioral therapy for depression significantly ____ symptoms of depression in patients.
If a researcher tests the effectiveness of this same behavioral therapy and finds no effect, it is likely that no peer-reviewed journal will accept the ____, so you will never find it or read about it.
It is ____ possible that the effectiveness of this therapy is overstated because studies failing to show an effect are not included in the published peer-reviewed literature.
Researchers stated that “scientific progress is made by trusting the bulk of current knowledge,” and the publication ____ compromises this trust.
Keep in mind that while ____ results reported in the peer-reviewed literature can certainly be trusted, also take caution in knowing that many negative results may not be included in your search.
12 경제에서의 긍정적인 피드백 함정
Relying on economic growth to overcome economic problems suffers a positive feedback ____.
Governments encourage increased economic production as a means of lifting the poor out of poverty and satisfying the demands of the rich, but the appeal of the resulting new products ____ new wants that get satisfied with new income generated from yet more production.
In other words, people work to earn money to satisfy wants (and of course needs), but their effort results in production of goods, including ____ innovations, that, when marketed, increase others’ desires.
Those others then work to satisfy their new wants, producing yet more goods marketed to others, and so on in a positive feedback that grinds away at the planet’s stock of resources and generates more waste and new types of wastes whose consequences we only partially ____.
Reflecting on this circumstance, the wise gorilla Ishmael in Daniel Quinn’s novel of the same name ____ modern humans as prisoners of a mother culture, employed in a prison industry — consuming the world.