EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어독해연습 2강
7 구전 문화의 정보 전달의 정확성
We tend to ____ the effectiveness of oral cultures.
We’re all familiar with the children’s game in which a ____ is whispered from one person to another until it goes around a room.
The message invariably gets distorted — sometimes with hilarious results — when the ____ message and the final message are compared.
But this is misleading. When it is important, oral cultures can accurately transmit information across long ____ and through generations.
For example, American author Alex ____ was able to discover an oral record of his ancestors in Africa, and his search is described in the 1976 book, Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
Similarly, the Odyssey and Iliad were originally heroic oral histories of Greek culture that were only written down many ____ after they were composed.
8 이로운 적응인 감정
Emotions meet the criteria of ____ advantageous adaptations.
Take, for example, two animals ____ off in a fight over food.
As they prepare to lock horns, ____ or figuratively, their intense feelings prompt a repertoire of bodily reactions.
When an animal’s back ____ and its hair stands on end, it appears larger and stronger.
When it bares ____ teeth, frowns its brows, makes fierce noises, or displays its horns, it signals to the other animal that fighting such a strong adversary may not be worth it.
These signals — ____ of aggression — directly improve the chances that the other animal will withdraw, thus preventing violence and avoiding potential injury or death.
Sending these signals benefits the species, as does the ability to interpret these messages. ____ a win-win.
9 이탈리아의 문화적 정체성과 생활 방식의 변화
With the construction and furnishing of interior space from the fifteenth to the ____ century, Italians created a world in which they could develop a different style of life and in which a new culture came to be defined.
This is why so much was spent on ____, why so many new kinds of objects came into existence, why the arts flourished now in the domestic world as they had earlier in the ecclesiastical world.
____ was a creative force to construct a cultural identity.
In inventing all kinds of new furnishings ranging from pottery to paintings, in elaborating their forms, in refining their production, and in organizing them into new spatial arrangements within their homes, Italians discovered new values and pleasures for themselves, reordered their lives with new standards of comportment, communicated ____ about themselves to others — in short, generated culture, and in the process created identities for themselves.
In this cultural development there was a dynamic for change that resulted from the interaction between ____ and physical objects.
10 개척 정착민에게 지급된 자영 농지의 분배 방식
The distribution of US farm ____ granted to pioneer settlers is a classic case of artificial boundaries not matching natural boundaries.
Properties were allocated based on surveys with regular north-south and east-west boundaries, ____ of the lay of the land.
This meant boundaries of homesteads were unrelated to boundaries of watersheds. Some homesteads were ____ and dry.
Others were ____ and wetter, but subject to flooding.
____ landowners could not control erosion and runoff from upstream properties.
Thus, an uphill landowner’s effects on the environment could harm another landowner downhill, but the ____ landowner had no options.
____ nineteenth-century decisions have consequences to this day.
For example, one of the most challenging problems for Austin College’s Sneed grassland restoration is erosive ____ runoff from poorly managed upstream properties.
11 출판 편향의 오류
____ bias means that the size of an effect could be overstated for many behavioral phenomena reported in the peer-reviewed literature.
For example, suppose you read a few studies showing that a new behavioral ____ for depression significantly reduces symptoms of depression in patients.
If a researcher tests the effectiveness of this same behavioral therapy and finds no effect, it is likely that no peer-reviewed journal will ____ the manuscript, so you will never find it or read about it.
It is therefore possible that the effectiveness of this therapy is overstated because ____ failing to show an effect are not included in the published peer-reviewed literature.
Researchers stated that “scientific progress is made by trusting the ____ of current knowledge,” and the publication bias compromises this trust.
Keep in mind that while positive results ____ in the peer-reviewed literature can certainly be trusted, also take caution in knowing that many negative results may not be included in your search.
12 경제에서의 긍정적인 피드백 함정
Relying on economic growth to overcome economic problems suffers a positive ____ pitfall.
Governments encourage increased economic production as a means of lifting the poor out of poverty and satisfying the demands of the rich, but the appeal of the resulting new ____ creates new wants that get satisfied with new income generated from yet more production.
In other words, ____ work to earn money to satisfy wants (and of course needs), but their effort results in production of goods, including new innovations, that, when marketed, increase others’ desires.
Those ____ then work to satisfy their new wants, producing yet more goods marketed to others, and so on in a positive feedback that grinds away at the planet’s stock of resources and generates more waste and new types of wastes whose consequences we only partially understand.
Reflecting on this circumstance, the wise gorilla Ishmael in Daniel Quinn’s novel of the ____ name describes modern humans as prisoners of a mother culture, employed in a prison industry — consuming the world.