EBS 2026학년도 수능특강 영어독해연습 2강
7 구전 문화의 정보 전달의 정확성
We tend to underestimate the effectiveness of ____ cultures.
We’re all familiar with the children’s game in ____ a message is whispered from one person to another until it goes around a room.
The message invariably gets distorted — sometimes with hilarious results — when the original message ____ the final message are compared.
But this is misleading. When it is important, oral cultures can accurately transmit information across ____ distances and through generations.
For example, American author Alex Haley was able to ____ an oral record of his ancestors in Africa, and his search is described in the 1976 book, Roots: The Saga of an American Family.
Similarly, the Odyssey and Iliad were originally heroic oral histories ____ Greek culture that were only written down many centuries after they were composed.
8 이로운 적응인 감정
Emotions meet the criteria of ____ advantageous adaptations.
Take, for example, two animals squaring off in a fight ____ food.
As they prepare to ____ horns, literally or figuratively, their intense feelings prompt a repertoire of bodily reactions.
When an animal’s back arches and its hair stands on end, it appears larger ____ stronger.
When it bares its teeth, frowns its brows, makes fierce noises, or displays its horns, it signals to the other animal that ____ such a strong adversary may not be worth it.
These signals — displays of aggression — directly improve the chances that the other animal will withdraw, ____ preventing violence and avoiding potential injury or death.
Sending these signals benefits the species, as does the ability to interpret these ____ It’s a win-win.
9 이탈리아의 문화적 정체성과 생활 방식의 변화
With the construction and furnishing of ____ space from the fifteenth to the seventeenth century, Italians created a world in which they could develop a different style of life and in which a new culture came to be defined.
This is why so much was spent on objects, why so many new kinds ____ objects came into existence, why the arts flourished now in the domestic world as they had earlier in the ecclesiastical world.
Consumption was a ____ force to construct a cultural identity.
In inventing all kinds of new furnishings ranging from pottery to paintings, in elaborating their forms, in refining their production, and in organizing them into new spatial arrangements within their homes, Italians discovered new values and pleasures for themselves, reordered their lives with new standards of comportment, communicated something about ____ to others — in short, generated culture, and in the process created identities for themselves.
In this cultural development there was a dynamic for ____ that resulted from the interaction between people and physical objects.
10 개척 정착민에게 지급된 자영 농지의 분배 방식
The distribution of US farm homesteads granted to pioneer settlers is a classic case of artificial boundaries not ____ natural boundaries.
Properties were allocated based on surveys with regular ____ and east-west boundaries, regardless of the lay of the land.
This meant boundaries of homesteads were unrelated to boundaries ____ watersheds. Some homesteads were high and dry.
Others were ____ and wetter, but subject to flooding.
Downstream landowners could not control ____ and runoff from upstream properties.
Thus, an uphill landowner’s effects on the environment could harm another ____ downhill, but the lower landowner had no options.
These nineteenth-century decisions have consequences ____ this day.
____ example, one of the most challenging problems for Austin College’s Sneed grassland restoration is erosive flash-flood runoff from poorly managed upstream properties.
11 출판 편향의 오류
Publication bias means that the size of an effect could be overstated for many behavioral phenomena reported in the ____ literature.
For ____ suppose you read a few studies showing that a new behavioral therapy for depression significantly reduces symptoms of depression in patients.
If a researcher tests ____ effectiveness of this same behavioral therapy and finds no effect, it is likely that no peer-reviewed journal will accept the manuscript, so you will never find it or read about it.
It is therefore possible that the effectiveness of this therapy is overstated because studies failing to show an effect ____ not included in the published peer-reviewed literature.
Researchers stated that “scientific progress is made by ____ the bulk of current knowledge,” and the publication bias compromises this trust.
Keep in mind that while positive results reported in the peer-reviewed literature can certainly be trusted, also take caution in knowing that many negative results may not be included in your ____
12 경제에서의 긍정적인 피드백 함정
Relying on economic growth to ____ economic problems suffers a positive feedback pitfall.
Governments encourage increased economic production as a means of lifting the poor out of poverty and satisfying the demands of the rich, but the appeal of the ____ new products creates new wants that get satisfied with new income generated from yet more production.
In other words, people work to earn money to satisfy wants (and of course needs), ____ their effort results in production of goods, including new innovations, that, when marketed, increase others’ desires.
Those others then work to satisfy their new wants, producing yet more goods marketed to others, and ____ on in a positive feedback that grinds away at the planet’s stock of resources and generates more waste and new types of wastes whose consequences we only partially understand.
Reflecting on this circumstance, the wise gorilla Ishmael in Daniel ____ novel of the same name describes modern humans as prisoners of a mother culture, employed in a prison industry — consuming the world.