2026수능특강 영독연 1강 변형문제 (7~12번)

The primary goal of replication is to determine ____ extent to which an observed relationship generalizes across different tests of the research hypothesis.

However, just because a finding ____ not generalize does not mean it is not interesting or important. Indeed, science proceeds by discovering limiting conditions for previously demonstrated relationships.

Few relationships hold in all settings and for all ____

Scientific theories are modified over time as more information about their ____ is discovered.

As an example, one of the interesting questions in research investigating the effects of exposure to violent material on ____ concerns the fact that although it is well known that the viewing of violence tends to increase aggression on average, this does not happen for all people.

So it ____ extremely important to conduct participant replications to determine which people will, and which will not, be influenced by exposure to violent material.

One might ask why having a conversation on a mobile phone while driving is so much more disruptive than, for example, having a conversation with a passenger in the ____

____ likely reason is the loss of control over the situation when having a mobile phone conversation.

A passenger in the car will pick up from non-verbal cues that the driver needs to concentrate on the main task of driving at times when the latter becomes ____

A remote interlocutor is much less likely to pick up these cues and therefore will continue to make cognitively demanding conversation at a time ____ the secondary task needs to be shut down to devote resources to the main driving task.

A cognitively demanding conversation, especially one over ____ the driver has little or no control in terms of dynamically adjusting his or her allocation of cognitive resources, appears to interfere with computation of speeds, distances and widths as required by the driving task, probably as a result of diminished attention to sensory inputs.

Use of a mobile phone also demands other secondary tasks, such as inputting of a ____ number on the keypad, which would also tend to interfere with the main driving task.

Firms often bundle goods or services for ____ or marketing purposes.

____ vendors could sell lefts and rights separately but nearly all consumers would rather buy the bundle.

____ can also help sellers extract higher profits when consumers have imperfectly correlated preferences for related goods.

For example, cable television services usually offer a wide range of ____ including channels that specialize in sports, food, drama, and news.

____ services could allow their customers to purchase channels “a la carte” — sports fans could purchase just the sports channels, and so forth.

But cable services instead set a single bundled price that is not too much more than ____ a la carte prices.

(For ____ the price for the “sports +food +drama +news” bundle is not much more than the price the service would charge for the sports package alone.)

Since the cable ____ has essentially zero marginal cost of selling the bundle, this practice helps increase its profits.

Many studies have shown that the brain cannot recognize the ____ between a well-imagined experience and the real thing.

Try this experiment. Imagine that you have a beautiful juicy yellow lemon in ____ hand.

Imagine yourself slicing the lemon in half and looking at the juicy ____ of the lemon.

Now, imagine ____ biting into the lemon.

If ____ are like many people, you begin to salivate.

You may feel some tightness in your throat from ____ sourness.

But you can see that since there ____ no real lemon, you are having a physiological reaction to an imagined experience.

So, too, with organizing; the more vividly you can imagine ____ on time in a calm, relaxed fashion, the more your body receives signals from your brain that it is a true experience.

Through visualizing, you are practicing ____ reality.

In addition to changing a hypothesis by being more specific about which amounts of one variable had what effect, you can change a hypothesis by being more specific ____ which aspect of a variable had what effect.

Thus, if your hypothesis involves ____ general construct, you may be able to improve your hypothesis by breaking that multidimensional construct down into its individual dimensions and then making hypotheses involving those individual components.

For example, rather than hypothesizing that love will increase over time, you might hypothesize that certain aspects of love (commitment, intimacy) will ____ over time, whereas other parts (passionate love) will not.

Similarly, rather than saying that stress will interfere with memory, you might try to find what part ____ memory is most affected by stress.

____ it encoding, rehearsal, organization, or retrieval?

The component strategy has paid ____ for social psychologists who have broken down prejudice into its conscious and unconscious dimensions and for personality psychologists who have broken down global (overall) self-esteem into different types (body self-esteem, academic self-esteem, social self-esteem, etc.).

Most organizations and leaders get into trouble in the implementation phase of ____ leadership process.

With self-serving leaders at the helm, the traditional hierarchical pyramid is ____ alive and well.

When that happens, who do people think they work for? The ____ above them.

The minute you think you work for the person above you for ____ you are assuming that person — your boss — is responsible and your job is being responsive to that boss and to his or her whims or wishes.

Now “boss watching” becomes a popular sport and people get promoted on their ____ skills.

As a result, all the ____ of the organization is moving up the hierarchy, away from customers and the frontline folks who are closest to the action.

What you get is a duck pond. When there is a conflict between what the customers want and what the ____ wants, the boss wins.

You have people quacking like ducks: “It’s our policy.” ____ just work here.” “Would you like me to get my supervisor?”