2026수능특강 영독연 1강 변형문제 (7~12번)

The primary goal of replication is to determine the extent to which an observed relationship generalizes across different tests of the ____ hypothesis.

However, just because a finding ____ not generalize does not mean it is not interesting or important. Indeed, science proceeds by discovering limiting conditions for previously demonstrated relationships.

Few relationships hold in ____ settings and for all people.

Scientific theories are modified ____ time as more information about their limitations is discovered.

As an example, one of the interesting questions in research investigating the effects of exposure to violent material on aggression concerns the fact that although it is well known that the viewing of ____ tends to increase aggression on average, this does not happen for all people.

So it is extremely important to conduct participant replications to determine which people will, and which will not, be influenced by ____ to violent material.

____ might ask why having a conversation on a mobile phone while driving is so much more disruptive than, for example, having a conversation with a passenger in the car.

A likely ____ is the loss of control over the situation when having a mobile phone conversation.

A passenger in the car will pick up from non-verbal cues that the ____ needs to concentrate on the main task of driving at times when the latter becomes tricky.

A remote interlocutor is much less likely to pick up these cues and therefore will continue to make cognitively demanding conversation at a time ____ the secondary task needs to be shut down to devote resources to the main driving task.

A cognitively demanding conversation, especially one over which the driver has little or no control in terms of dynamically adjusting his or her allocation of ____ resources, appears to interfere with computation of speeds, distances and widths as required by the driving task, probably as a result of diminished attention to sensory inputs.

____ of a mobile phone also demands other secondary tasks, such as inputting of a telephone number on the keypad, which would also tend to interfere with the main driving task.

Firms often ____ goods or services for convenience or marketing purposes.

Shoe vendors could sell lefts and rights separately but nearly all consumers would rather buy the ____.

Bundling can also help sellers extract higher profits when consumers have imperfectly correlated preferences for ____ goods.

For example, cable television ____ usually offer a wide range of programming, including channels that specialize in sports, food, drama, and news.

Cable services could allow their customers to purchase channels “a la carte” — sports fans could ____ just the sports channels, and so forth.

But cable services instead set a ____ bundled price that is not too much more than individual a la carte prices.

(For example, the ____ for the “sports +food +drama +news” bundle is not much more than the price the service would charge for the sports package alone.)

Since the cable service has essentially zero marginal cost of selling the bundle, this practice ____ increase its profits.

Many studies ____ shown that the brain cannot recognize the difference between a well-imagined experience and the real thing.

Try this experiment. Imagine that you have a beautiful juicy ____ lemon in your hand.

Imagine ____ slicing the lemon in half and looking at the juicy circle of the lemon.

Now, imagine yourself ____ into the lemon.

If you are like many ____, you begin to salivate.

You may ____ some tightness in your throat from the sourness.

But you can see that since there is no real lemon, you are having a physiological ____ to an imagined experience.

So, too, with organizing; the more vividly you can imagine arriving on time in a calm, relaxed fashion, the more your body receives signals from your ____ that it is a true experience.

Through visualizing, ____ are practicing for reality.

In addition to changing a hypothesis by being more specific about which amounts of one variable had what effect, you can change a hypothesis by ____ more specific about which aspect of a variable had what effect.

Thus, if your hypothesis involves a general construct, you may be able to improve your hypothesis by breaking that multidimensional construct down into its individual dimensions and then making ____ involving those individual components.

For example, rather than hypothesizing that love will increase over time, you might hypothesize that certain aspects of love (commitment, intimacy) will increase over time, whereas other parts (passionate love) ____ not.

Similarly, rather than saying that stress will interfere with memory, you might try to find what part of memory is ____ affected by stress.

Is it encoding, rehearsal, organization, or ____?

The component strategy has paid off for social psychologists who have broken down prejudice into its conscious and unconscious dimensions and for personality psychologists who have broken down global (overall) self-esteem into different types (body self-esteem, academic self-esteem, social ____, etc.).

Most organizations and leaders get into trouble in the ____ phase of the leadership process.

With self-serving leaders at the helm, the traditional hierarchical ____ is kept alive and well.

When that happens, who do people think they work for? The ____ above them.

The minute you think you ____ for the person above you for implementation, you are assuming that person — your boss — is responsible and your job is being responsive to that boss and to his or her whims or wishes.

Now “boss watching” becomes a popular sport and people ____ promoted on their upward-influencing skills.

As a result, ____ the energy of the organization is moving up the hierarchy, away from customers and the frontline folks who are closest to the action.

What you get is a duck pond. When there is a conflict between what the customers want and ____ the boss wants, the boss wins.

You have people quacking like ducks: “It’s our policy.” “I ____ work here.” “Would you like me to get my supervisor?”