2026수능특강 영독연 1강 변형문제 (7~12번)

The primary goal of replication is to determine the extent to ____ an observed relationship generalizes across different tests of the research hypothesis.

However, just because a finding does not generalize ____ not mean it is not interesting or important. Indeed, science proceeds by discovering limiting conditions for previously demonstrated relationships.

Few relationships hold in ____ settings and for all people.

Scientific theories are ____ over time as more information about their limitations is discovered.

As an example, one of the interesting questions in research investigating the effects of exposure to violent material on aggression concerns the fact that although it is well known that the viewing of violence tends to increase ____ on average, this does not happen for all people.

So it is extremely important to ____ participant replications to determine which people will, and which will not, be influenced by exposure to violent material.

One ____ ask why having a conversation on a mobile phone while driving is so much more disruptive than, for example, having a conversation with a passenger in the car.

A likely reason is the loss of control over the situation when having a mobile ____ conversation.

A passenger in the car will pick up from non-verbal cues that the driver needs to concentrate on the main task of driving at ____ when the latter becomes tricky.

A remote interlocutor is much less likely to pick up these cues and therefore will continue to make cognitively demanding conversation at a time when the ____ task needs to be shut down to devote resources to the main driving task.

A cognitively demanding conversation, especially one over which the driver has little or no control in terms of dynamically adjusting his or her allocation of cognitive resources, appears to interfere with computation of speeds, distances and widths as required by the driving task, probably as a result of diminished attention to ____ inputs.

Use of a mobile phone also demands other secondary tasks, such as inputting of a telephone number on the keypad, ____ would also tend to interfere with the main driving task.

Firms often bundle goods or ____ for convenience or marketing purposes.

Shoe vendors could sell lefts and rights ____ but nearly all consumers would rather buy the bundle.

Bundling can also ____ sellers extract higher profits when consumers have imperfectly correlated preferences for related goods.

For example, cable television services ____ offer a wide range of programming, including channels that specialize in sports, food, drama, and news.

Cable services could allow their customers to purchase channels “a la carte” — sports ____ could purchase just the sports channels, and so forth.

But cable services instead set a single bundled price that is ____ too much more than individual a la carte prices.

(For example, the price for the “sports +____ +drama +news” bundle is not much more than the price the service would charge for the sports package alone.)

Since the cable service has essentially zero marginal cost of selling the bundle, this practice helps ____ its profits.

____ studies have shown that the brain cannot recognize the difference between a well-imagined experience and the real thing.

Try this ____. Imagine that you have a beautiful juicy yellow lemon in your hand.

Imagine yourself slicing the lemon in half and ____ at the juicy circle of the lemon.

Now, imagine yourself ____ into the lemon.

If you are like many people, ____ begin to salivate.

____ may feel some tightness in your throat from the sourness.

But you can see that ____ there is no real lemon, you are having a physiological reaction to an imagined experience.

So, too, with organizing; the more vividly you can imagine arriving on time in a ____, relaxed fashion, the more your body receives signals from your brain that it is a true experience.

Through visualizing, you are ____ for reality.

In addition to changing a hypothesis by being more specific about which amounts of ____ variable had what effect, you can change a hypothesis by being more specific about which aspect of a variable had what effect.

Thus, if your hypothesis involves a general construct, you may be able to improve your hypothesis by breaking that multidimensional construct down into its individual ____ and then making hypotheses involving those individual components.

For example, rather than hypothesizing that love will increase over time, you might hypothesize that certain aspects of love (commitment, intimacy) will increase over time, whereas other parts (passionate love) ____ not.

Similarly, rather than saying that stress will interfere with memory, you might ____ to find what part of memory is most affected by stress.

Is it encoding, rehearsal, ____, or retrieval?

The component strategy has paid off for social psychologists who have broken down prejudice into its conscious and unconscious dimensions and for personality psychologists who have broken down global (overall) self-esteem into different types (body self-esteem, academic ____, social self-esteem, etc.).

Most ____ and leaders get into trouble in the implementation phase of the leadership process.

With self-serving leaders at the helm, the traditional hierarchical ____ is kept alive and well.

When that happens, who do ____ think they work for? The people above them.

The minute you think ____ work for the person above you for implementation, you are assuming that person — your boss — is responsible and your job is being responsive to that boss and to his or her whims or wishes.

Now “boss watching” becomes a popular ____ and people get promoted on their upward-influencing skills.

As a result, all the energy of the organization is moving up the hierarchy, away from ____ and the frontline folks who are closest to the action.

What you get is a duck pond. When there is a conflict between what the customers want and what the boss wants, the boss ____.

You have people quacking like ducks: “It’s our policy.” “I just work here.” “Would you like me to get my ____?”