EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
7 화산이 날씨에 미치는 영향
The impacts that volcanoes can ____ on the weather can extend well beyond the eruption site; they are one of the largest drivers of climate change over geological timescales.
The vast majority of the 65,500 billion tons of carbon on Earth is held within ____.
The remainder resides in the oceans, atmosphere, ____, soil and fossil fuels.
Carbon dioxide inside Earth is released continually during volcanic eruptions, and before the Industrial Revolution volcanoes were the largest source of ____ dioxide entering Earth’s atmosphere.
However, the release of carbon is largely regulated by the natural carbon cycle, which draws down as much carbon from the atmosphere as volcanoes release into it, acting as a planetary scale ____.
If temperatures increase due to a period of intense volcanism, more carbon will be ____ down from the atmosphere, which will take temperatures back to their previous levels.
However, given the slow rate of some of these chemical reactions it can take hundreds of ____ of years for the system to stabilize.
8 음반을 통한 음악 전수
Ignacio Varchausky ____ the Buenos Aires tango orchestra El Arranque says in the documentary Si Sos Brujo that he and others tried learning from records how the older orchestras did what they did, but it was difficult, almost impossible.
Eventually, El Arranque had to find the surviving players from those ensembles and ask ____ how it was done.
The older players had to physically show the younger players ____ to replicate the effects they got, and which notes and beats should be emphasized.
So, to some extent, music is ____ an oral (and physical) tradition, handed down from one person to another.
Records may do a ____ to preserve music and disseminate it, but they can’t do what direct transmission does.
In that same documentary, Wynton Marsalis says that the learning, the ____ passing, happens on the bandstand — one has to play with others, to learn by watching and imitating.
For Varchausky, when those older players are gone, the traditions (and techniques) ____ be lost if their knowledge is not passed on directly.
History and ____ can’t really be preserved by technology alone.
9 의사소통 목적에 따른 적절한 기술 사용
Teams ____ many communication technologies at their disposal, ranging from email and chat platforms to web conferencing and videoconferencing.
People ____ default to using the tool that is most convenient or familiar to them, but some technologies are better suited to certain tasks than others, and choosing the wrong one can lead to trouble.
Communication tools differ along a number of dimensions, including information richness (or the ____ to transfer nonverbal and other cues that help people interpret meaning) and the level of real-time interaction that is possible.
A team’s communication tasks likewise vary in complexity, depending on the need to ____ different viewpoints, give and receive feedback, or avoid the potential for misunderstanding.
The purpose of the communication should determine the ____ mechanism.
So ____ consider your goals.
Use leaner, text-based media such as email, chat, and bulletin boards when pushing information in one direction — for instance, when circulating routine information and plans, sharing ____, and collecting simple data.
Web conferencing and videoconferencing are richer, more ____ tools better suited to complex tasks such as problem solving and negotiation, which require squaring different ideas and perspectives.
10 동물의 미래 지향적인 행동
Animals regularly engage in ____ behaviors, from nest-building to hibernation.
Clearly ____ behaviors are functionally prospective, but the extent to which they are controlled by cognitive processes remains an open question.
Migrating birds, for example, travel long ____ to avoid cold winters, without ever having experienced a winter, warmer climates, or the dangers of travel.
____ birds are unable to know what it is they are avoiding and why this course of action benefits them.
Indeed, when ____ bird populations with different migratory paths are cross-bred, the resulting offspring migrate in a direction halfway between that of their parents, suggesting that direction of migration is genetically determined.
From this example we can see that not all prospective behaviors ____ be considered to involve awareness of the future, but may instead be automatic responses to natural (e.g., seasonal changes in day length or hormones), or learned, cues.
11 토양과 식물 간의 상호 작용
Soil and the plants that grow in it are continually interacting in many ways, both directly and through the ____ of the many kinds of bacteria, fungi and other small organisms that are always present.
Most notably, plants are continually dropping leaves and other parts which fall to the ground to rot in place where they release their nutrients, although in some drier climates, lightning-set fires are necessary to liberate the ____ nutrients present in the plant litter.
In any case, most of the nutrients present in dead plant material end up locally in the soil, while the vast networks of plant roots and fungal threads join with bacteria, lichens and sticky humus to effectively hold the soil together even in the ____ of heavy rains and strong winds.
The result is effective and continuous recycling of plant nutrients which are capable of moving ____ and forth between the soil and the plants almost indefinitely.
Soil is also a vast storehouse for the ____ and spores produced by the local plants, a key factor in allowing vegetation to regenerate following disturbance.
12 진화의 속도
When Darwin developed his theory of natural selection, he ____ evolution unrolling on geological timescales: the way a glacier sculpts a valley or weather beats on a rock, so time molds one species into another.
Such was the conventional wisdom for ____ a century.
But in the late twentieth ____, our understanding of evolution started to change, thanks in no small part to the continuing study of the Galápagos finches that Darwin himself had observed on the
It turns out that evolution works far more quickly than ____ imagined.
The ____ of the Galápagos evolve on timescales we can observe.
In 1983, for ____, a year with superabundant rainfall, a species of vine with tiny seeds overran the flora of Daphne Island.
The birds with the smallest and pointiest ____ were suddenly, and distinctly, advantaged.
Their ____ rapidly spread.
Selection for traits can happen over the course of years or ____, not just eons.
And ____ finches are exemplary, not exceptional.
They are a privileged case of the paradigm that the biologist John Thompson has ____ “relentless evolution.”