EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
7 화산이 날씨에 미치는 영향
The impacts that volcanoes can have on the weather can extend well beyond the eruption site; they ____ one of the largest drivers of climate change over geological timescales.
The vast majority of the 65,500 billion tons of carbon on Earth ____ held within rocks.
____ remainder resides in the oceans, atmosphere, plants, soil and fossil fuels.
Carbon dioxide ____ Earth is released continually during volcanic eruptions, and before the Industrial Revolution volcanoes were the largest source of carbon dioxide entering Earth’s atmosphere.
However, the release of carbon is largely ____ by the natural carbon cycle, which draws down as much carbon from the atmosphere as volcanoes release into it, acting as a planetary scale thermostat.
If temperatures increase due to a period of intense volcanism, more carbon will be drawn down from the atmosphere, which will take temperatures back ____ their previous levels.
However, ____ the slow rate of some of these chemical reactions it can take hundreds of thousands of years for the system to stabilize.
8 음반을 통한 음악 전수
Ignacio Varchausky from the Buenos Aires tango orchestra El Arranque says in the documentary Si Sos Brujo that he and others tried learning from records how the older orchestras did what they did, but it was ____ almost impossible.
Eventually, El Arranque had to find the surviving players ____ those ensembles and ask them how it was done.
The older players ____ to physically show the younger players how to replicate the effects they got, and which notes and beats should be emphasized.
So, to some extent, music is still an oral (and physical) tradition, handed ____ from one person to another.
Records may do a lot to preserve music and disseminate it, but they can’t do ____ direct transmission does.
In that same documentary, Wynton Marsalis says that ____ learning, the baton passing, happens on the bandstand — one has to play with others, to learn by watching and imitating.
For Varchausky, when ____ older players are gone, the traditions (and techniques) will be lost if their knowledge is not passed on directly.
History and culture can’t really be preserved by ____ alone.
9 의사소통 목적에 따른 적절한 기술 사용
Teams have many communication technologies at their ____ ranging from email and chat platforms to web conferencing and videoconferencing.
People often default to using the tool that is most convenient or familiar to them, but some technologies are better suited to certain tasks than others, and choosing ____ wrong one can lead to trouble.
Communication tools differ along a number of dimensions, including information ____ (or the capacity to transfer nonverbal and other cues that help people interpret meaning) and the level of real-time interaction that is possible.
A team’s communication tasks likewise vary in complexity, depending on the ____ to reconcile different viewpoints, give and receive feedback, or avoid the potential for misunderstanding.
The purpose of the communication should determine ____ delivery mechanism.
____ carefully consider your goals.
Use leaner, text-based media such as email, chat, and bulletin boards when pushing information in one direction — for instance, when circulating routine information and plans, ____ ideas, and collecting simple data.
Web conferencing and videoconferencing are richer, more interactive tools better suited to complex tasks such as problem solving and negotiation, which require squaring different ideas and ____
10 동물의 미래 지향적인 행동
Animals regularly engage in future-oriented behaviors, from nest-building to ____
Clearly these behaviors are functionally prospective, but the extent ____ which they are controlled by cognitive processes remains an open question.
Migrating birds, for example, travel long distances to avoid cold winters, without ever having experienced a winter, warmer climates, ____ the dangers of travel.
These birds ____ unable to know what it is they are avoiding and why this course of action benefits them.
Indeed, when two bird populations with different migratory paths ____ cross-bred, the resulting offspring migrate in a direction halfway between that of their parents, suggesting that direction of migration is genetically determined.
From this example we can see that not all prospective behaviors can be considered to involve awareness of the future, but may instead be automatic ____ to natural (e.g., seasonal changes in day length or hormones), or learned, cues.
11 토양과 식물 간의 상호 작용
Soil and the plants that grow in it are continually interacting in many ways, both directly and through the effects of the many kinds of bacteria, fungi and other small organisms that ____ always present.
Most notably, plants ____ continually dropping leaves and other parts which fall to the ground to rot in place where they release their nutrients, although in some drier climates, lightning-set fires are necessary to liberate the mineral nutrients present in the plant litter.
In any case, most of the nutrients present in dead plant material end up locally in the soil, while the vast networks of plant roots and fungal threads join with bacteria, lichens and sticky humus to effectively hold ____ soil together even in the face of heavy rains and strong winds.
The result is effective and continuous recycling ____ plant nutrients which are capable of moving back and forth between the soil and the plants almost indefinitely.
Soil is also a vast storehouse for the seeds and spores produced by the local plants, a ____ factor in allowing vegetation to regenerate following disturbance.
12 진화의 속도
When Darwin developed his theory of natural selection, ____ imagined evolution unrolling on geological timescales: the way a glacier sculpts a valley or weather beats on a rock, so time molds one species into another.
____ was the conventional wisdom for over a century.
But in the late twentieth century, our understanding of evolution started to change, thanks ____ no small part to the continuing study of the Galápagos finches that Darwin himself had observed on the
It turns out that evolution ____ far more quickly than Darwin imagined.
The finches of the Galápagos evolve on timescales ____ can observe.
In 1983, for instance, a year with superabundant rainfall, a species of vine with tiny seeds overran ____ flora of Daphne Island.
The birds with the smallest and pointiest beaks were suddenly, ____ distinctly, advantaged.
Their genes ____ spread.
Selection for ____ can happen over the course of years or decades, not just eons.
And ____ finches are exemplary, not exceptional.
They are a privileged case of the paradigm ____ the biologist John Thompson has called “relentless evolution.”