EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
1 협동심의 진화
Cooperation is a hallmark of ____ society.
Not merely do people behave considerately toward complete strangers, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for ____
Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the evolution of ____ where cooperation between unrelated others can arise only when the same individuals interact repeatedly.
However, new models of the evolution of ____ sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other foundations of morality have deep evolutionary roots.
Such models consider processes ____ the level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of group selection in which individuals act “for the good of the group.”
Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise when groups compete in ways argued to be characteristic ____ the early stages of human evolution.
In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of strong reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated ____ and to punish those who do not do the same even when doing so is costly to the punisher.
2 삼림 벌채의 원인 규명
Deforestation drivers are very ____ and vary by countries and states.
A number ____ important studies have attempted to generalise and pull together large numbers of local studies.
This work is hampered, however, by ____ fact that most information on drivers is not quantitative, so that few direct quantitative correlations can be made linking certain quantities of deforestation to particular activities.
Angelsen and Kaimowitz reviewed 140 ____ models analysing the causes of tropical deforestation.
They found that, when looking at proximate causes, ____ is often associated with the presence of more roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of off-farm employment.
Also they considered it likely that policy reforms associated ____ economic liberalisation and related adjustment increase the pressure on forests.
They pointed out, however, that many research studies have adopted poor methodology and ____ quality data, which makes the drawing of clear conclusions about the role of macroeconomic factors difficult.
3 과학의 우세한 사회적 위치
On the one hand, the astonishing success of modern science in predicting and explaining the world seems to justify relying on it and bestowing extraordinary power ____ scientific institutions (especially in the form of public funding).
On the other hand, the dominant societal position of science risks marginalizing ____ forms of knowledge acquisition.
It’s not clear that there still is a fair ____ between science and its alternatives;
and it’s ____ straightforward that science has to prove its epistemic superiority in the 21st century in a way comparable to the period of the scientific revolution (16th-18th centuries).
This is Paul Feyerabend’s major argument in Science in a Free Society, which he casts as: “today science prevails not because of its ____ merits, but because the show has been rigged in its favour.”
So, Feyerabend insists, the fact that science has been the most appropriate means for addressing problems in the past doesn’t warrant that it’s also the most ____ form of knowledge acquisition for our current and future problems.
4 이민자 부모와 청소년의 특징
A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across ____ groups and countries of origin is that first-generation immigrant parents place a high value on the educational achievement of their adolescent children.
Immigrant parents tend to view earning good ____ finishing high school, and attending college as the primary means through which their children can establish themselves in their country of destination.
Compared to native-born parents with similar education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher ____ aspirations for their children.
Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’ values regarding the importance of education and tend to study more and devote more effort to ____ schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents.
During adolescence, immigrants’ peer groups often become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant adolescents supporting their peers’ academic achievement, ____ for higher SES (socioeconomic status) adolescents.
5 즉흥 말하기
In public speaking, delivery with little or no preparation ____ called impromptu speaking.
You engage in impromptu speaking every day as you communicate thoughts and ideas that spring up in the ____ with no preparation or practice whatsoever.
For example, when you answer a question ____ class or speak up during a meeting of a campus organization, you’re using impromptu speaking.
In this respect, impromptu speaking is ____ another way to use the basic communication skills you already have and use regularly.
Learning how to express yourself on the spot without relying on research, extensive preparation, or notes will help you do well in ____ public speaking class and in less-structured speaking situations beyond the classroom.
In addition, developing your impromptu speaking skills increases your confidence and decreases your speaking anxiety in any presentation ____
6 수익과 팀의 경기력
In principle, there is an intuitively plausible ____ between profit and team quality. Fans like to watch exciting games where the outcome is uncertain.
This is a result of competitive balance between the ____
Tight, ____ games are more fun to watch than lopsided games in which the outcome is never in doubt.
However, fans also prefer to see their team win. As a result, attendance ____ increase with improvement in the team’s performance.
Presumably, better ____ win more than weaker teams.
Thus, improved team ____ should translate into more wins and therefore increased attendance.
With a given set ____ prices, increased attendance turns into increased revenue from gate receipts, parking, and concessions.
This increased revenue should lead to higher profit, but it costs more to field a higher-quality team than a lower-quality ____
Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will vary from team to team depending on variation in ____ fan base.