EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
1 협동심의 진화
____ is a hallmark of human society.
Not merely do people ____ considerately toward complete strangers, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.
Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the evolution of altruism where cooperation between unrelated others can arise only when the same individuals ____ repeatedly.
However, new models of the evolution of human sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other foundations of morality ____ deep evolutionary roots.
Such models consider processes at the level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of group selection in which ____ act “for the good of the group.”
____ promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise when groups compete in ways argued to be characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.
In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of ____ reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to punish those who do not do the same even when doing so is costly to the punisher.
2 삼림 벌채의 원인 규명
Deforestation drivers are very diverse and ____ by countries and states.
A number of important studies ____ attempted to generalise and pull together large numbers of local studies.
This work is hampered, however, by the fact that most information on drivers is not quantitative, so that few direct quantitative correlations can be made linking certain quantities of deforestation to particular ____.
Angelsen and Kaimowitz reviewed ____ economic models analysing the causes of tropical deforestation.
They found that, when looking at proximate causes, deforestation is often associated with the ____ of more roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of off-farm employment.
Also they considered it likely that policy reforms associated with economic liberalisation and related ____ increase the pressure on forests.
They pointed out, however, that many research studies have adopted poor methodology and low quality data, which makes the drawing of ____ conclusions about the role of macroeconomic factors difficult.
3 과학의 우세한 사회적 위치
On the one hand, the astonishing success of modern science in predicting and explaining the world seems to justify relying on it and bestowing extraordinary power to scientific institutions (____ in the form of public funding).
On the other hand, the dominant societal position of science ____ marginalizing alternative forms of knowledge acquisition.
It’s not clear that ____ still is a fair competition between science and its alternatives;
and it’s not straightforward that science has to prove its epistemic superiority in the 21st century in a ____ comparable to the period of the scientific revolution (16th-18th centuries).
This is Paul Feyerabend’s major argument in ____ in a Free Society, which he casts as: “today science prevails not because of its comparative merits, but because the show has been rigged in its favour.”
So, Feyerabend insists, the fact that science has been the most appropriate means for addressing problems in the past doesn’t warrant that it’s also the most reliable form of ____ acquisition for our current and future problems.
4 이민자 부모와 청소년의 특징
A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic ____ and countries of origin is that first-generation immigrant parents place a high value on the educational achievement of their adolescent children.
Immigrant parents tend to view earning good grades, finishing high school, and attending college as the primary means through which their children can ____ themselves in their country of destination.
____ to native-born parents with similar education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher educational aspirations for their children.
Immigrant adolescents ____ their parents’ values regarding the importance of education and tend to study more and devote more effort to their schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents.
During ____, immigrants’ peer groups often become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant adolescents supporting their peers’ academic achievement, particularly for higher SES (socioeconomic status) adolescents.
5 즉흥 말하기
In public speaking, delivery with ____ or no preparation is called impromptu speaking.
You engage in impromptu speaking every day as you communicate thoughts and ideas that ____ up in the moment with no preparation or practice whatsoever.
For example, when you answer a question in class or speak up during a meeting of a campus organization, you’re using impromptu ____.
In this respect, impromptu speaking is simply another way to use the basic communication ____ you already have and use regularly.
Learning how to express yourself on the spot ____ relying on research, extensive preparation, or notes will help you do well in your public speaking class and in less-structured speaking situations beyond the classroom.
In addition, developing your impromptu speaking skills increases your confidence and decreases your speaking anxiety in ____ presentation context.
6 수익과 팀의 경기력
In principle, there is an intuitively plausible relationship ____ profit and team quality. Fans like to watch exciting games where the outcome is uncertain.
This is a result of competitive balance ____ the opponents.
____, hard-fought games are more fun to watch than lopsided games in which the outcome is never in doubt.
However, fans also prefer to see their team win. As a result, attendance ____ increase with improvement in the team’s performance.
Presumably, better teams win more than ____ teams.
Thus, improved ____ quality should translate into more wins and therefore increased attendance.
With a given set of prices, ____ attendance turns into increased revenue from gate receipts, parking, and concessions.
This increased ____ should lead to higher profit, but it costs more to field a higher-quality team than a lower-quality team.
Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will ____ from team to team depending on variation in the fan base.