EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
1 협동심의 진화
Cooperation ____ a hallmark of human society.
Not merely do people behave considerately toward complete strangers, ____ sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.
Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the evolution of altruism where cooperation between ____ others can arise only when the same individuals interact repeatedly.
However, new models of the evolution of human sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that ____ sense of fairness and other foundations of morality have deep evolutionary roots.
Such models consider processes at the level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of group selection in which individuals act “for the good ____ the group.”
Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise when groups compete in ways argued to ____ characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.
In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of ____ reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to punish those who do not do the same even when doing so is costly to the punisher.
2 삼림 벌채의 원인 규명
Deforestation drivers are very diverse and vary ____ countries and states.
A number of important studies ____ attempted to generalise and pull together large numbers of local studies.
This work is hampered, however, by the fact that most information on drivers is not quantitative, so that few direct quantitative ____ can be made linking certain quantities of deforestation to particular activities.
Angelsen and Kaimowitz reviewed 140 economic models analysing ____ causes of tropical deforestation.
They found that, when looking at proximate causes, deforestation is often associated with the presence of more roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of ____ employment.
Also they considered it likely that policy reforms associated with economic liberalisation and related adjustment increase the ____ on forests.
They pointed out, however, that many research studies have adopted poor methodology and low quality data, which makes the drawing of clear conclusions about the role of ____ factors difficult.
3 과학의 우세한 사회적 위치
On the one hand, the astonishing ____ of modern science in predicting and explaining the world seems to justify relying on it and bestowing extraordinary power to scientific institutions (especially in the form of public funding).
On the other hand, the dominant societal position of science risks marginalizing alternative forms ____ knowledge acquisition.
It’s not clear that there still is a ____ competition between science and its alternatives;
and it’s not straightforward that science has to prove its epistemic superiority in the 21st century in a ____ comparable to the period of the scientific revolution (16th-18th centuries).
This is Paul Feyerabend’s major argument in Science in a Free Society, ____ he casts as: “today science prevails not because of its comparative merits, but because the show has been rigged in its favour.”
So, Feyerabend insists, the fact that science has been the most appropriate means for addressing problems in the past doesn’t warrant that it’s also the most reliable form of knowledge acquisition for our current and future ____
4 이민자 부모와 청소년의 특징
A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic groups and countries of origin ____ that first-generation immigrant parents place a high value on the educational achievement of their adolescent children.
Immigrant parents tend to view earning good grades, finishing high school, and attending college ____ the primary means through which their children can establish themselves in their country of destination.
Compared to native-born parents with ____ education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher educational aspirations for their children.
Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’ values regarding ____ importance of education and tend to study more and devote more effort to their schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents.
During adolescence, immigrants’ peer groups ____ become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant adolescents supporting their peers’ academic achievement, particularly for higher SES (socioeconomic status) adolescents.
5 즉흥 말하기
In public ____ delivery with little or no preparation is called impromptu speaking.
You engage in impromptu speaking every day as you ____ thoughts and ideas that spring up in the moment with no preparation or practice whatsoever.
For example, when ____ answer a question in class or speak up during a meeting of a campus organization, you’re using impromptu speaking.
In this respect, impromptu speaking is simply another way to use the basic communication skills you already have and ____ regularly.
Learning how to express yourself on the spot without relying on research, extensive preparation, or ____ will help you do well in your public speaking class and in less-structured speaking situations beyond the classroom.
In addition, developing your impromptu speaking skills increases your confidence and decreases your speaking ____ in any presentation context.
6 수익과 팀의 경기력
In principle, there is an intuitively plausible relationship between profit and team quality. Fans like to watch exciting ____ where the outcome is uncertain.
____ is a result of competitive balance between the opponents.
Tight, hard-fought games are more fun to watch than lopsided games in which the outcome ____ never in doubt.
However, fans also prefer to see their team win. As a result, attendance should increase ____ improvement in the team’s performance.
Presumably, better ____ win more than weaker teams.
Thus, improved team quality should ____ into more wins and therefore increased attendance.
With a given set of prices, increased ____ turns into increased revenue from gate receipts, parking, and concessions.
This increased revenue should lead to higher profit, but it costs more to ____ a higher-quality team than a lower-quality team.
Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will vary from team ____ team depending on variation in the fan base.