EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
1 협동심의 진화
Cooperation is a ____ of human society.
Not merely do people behave considerately toward ____ strangers, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.
Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the evolution of altruism where ____ between unrelated others can arise only when the same individuals interact repeatedly.
However, new models of the evolution of human sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other foundations ____ morality have deep evolutionary roots.
Such models consider processes at the level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of ____ selection in which individuals act “for the good of the group.”
____ promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise when groups compete in ways argued to be characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.
In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution ____ strong reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to punish those who do not do the same even when doing so is costly to the punisher.
2 삼림 벌채의 원인 규명
Deforestation drivers ____ very diverse and vary by countries and states.
A number of important studies have attempted to generalise and pull together large ____ of local studies.
This work is hampered, however, by the fact that most information on drivers is not quantitative, so that ____ direct quantitative correlations can be made linking certain quantities of deforestation to particular activities.
____ and Kaimowitz reviewed 140 economic models analysing the causes of tropical deforestation.
They found that, when looking at proximate causes, deforestation is often associated with the presence of more roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, ____ a shortage of off-farm employment.
Also they considered it likely that policy reforms associated with economic liberalisation ____ related adjustment increase the pressure on forests.
They pointed out, however, that many research studies have ____ poor methodology and low quality data, which makes the drawing of clear conclusions about the role of macroeconomic factors difficult.
3 과학의 우세한 사회적 위치
On the one hand, the ____ success of modern science in predicting and explaining the world seems to justify relying on it and bestowing extraordinary power to scientific institutions (especially in the form of public funding).
On the other hand, the dominant societal position ____ science risks marginalizing alternative forms of knowledge acquisition.
It’s not clear that there still is a fair competition ____ science and its alternatives;
and it’s not straightforward that science has to prove its epistemic superiority in the ____ century in a way comparable to the period of the scientific revolution (16th-18th centuries).
This is Paul Feyerabend’s major argument in Science in a Free Society, which he casts as: “today science prevails not because of its comparative merits, ____ because the show has been rigged in its favour.”
So, Feyerabend insists, the ____ that science has been the most appropriate means for addressing problems in the past doesn’t warrant that it’s also the most reliable form of knowledge acquisition for our current and future problems.
4 이민자 부모와 청소년의 특징
A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic groups and countries of origin ____ that first-generation immigrant parents place a high value on the educational achievement of their adolescent children.
Immigrant parents tend to view earning good grades, finishing high school, and attending college as the primary means through which their children can establish themselves in ____ country of destination.
Compared ____ native-born parents with similar education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher educational aspirations for their children.
Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’ values regarding the importance of education and tend to study ____ and devote more effort to their schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents.
During adolescence, immigrants’ peer groups often become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant adolescents supporting their peers’ academic achievement, particularly for ____ SES (socioeconomic status) adolescents.
5 즉흥 말하기
In public speaking, delivery with little or no preparation is ____ impromptu speaking.
You engage in impromptu speaking every day as you communicate thoughts and ideas that spring up in the moment with no preparation or practice ____
For example, when you answer a question in class or speak ____ during a meeting of a campus organization, you’re using impromptu speaking.
In this respect, impromptu speaking is simply another way to use the basic communication skills you already have and use ____
Learning how to express yourself on the spot without ____ on research, extensive preparation, or notes will help you do well in your public speaking class and in less-structured speaking situations beyond the classroom.
In addition, developing ____ impromptu speaking skills increases your confidence and decreases your speaking anxiety in any presentation context.
6 수익과 팀의 경기력
In principle, there is an intuitively plausible relationship between profit and team quality. Fans like to watch ____ games where the outcome is uncertain.
This is a result of ____ balance between the opponents.
Tight, hard-fought games ____ more fun to watch than lopsided games in which the outcome is never in doubt.
However, fans also prefer to see their team win. As a result, attendance should increase with improvement in the ____ performance.
Presumably, better ____ win more than weaker teams.
Thus, ____ team quality should translate into more wins and therefore increased attendance.
With a given set of prices, increased attendance turns into increased revenue from gate receipts, ____ and concessions.
This ____ revenue should lead to higher profit, but it costs more to field a higher-quality team than a lower-quality team.
Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will vary from team to team depending on variation ____ the fan base.