EBS 2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강
1 협동심의 진화
Cooperation is a ____ of human society.
Not merely do people behave ____ toward complete strangers, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.
Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the evolution of altruism where cooperation between unrelated others can arise only when the same individuals interact ____.
However, ____ models of the evolution of human sociality and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other foundations of morality have deep evolutionary roots.
Such models consider processes at the level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of group selection in ____ individuals act “for the good of the group.”
Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise ____ groups compete in ways argued to be characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.
In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of strong reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to punish those who do not do the same even when ____ so is costly to the punisher.
2 삼림 벌채의 원인 규명
Deforestation drivers are very diverse and ____ by countries and states.
A number of important studies have ____ to generalise and pull together large numbers of local studies.
This work is hampered, however, by the fact that most information on drivers is not quantitative, so that few direct quantitative correlations can be ____ linking certain quantities of deforestation to particular activities.
Angelsen and ____ reviewed 140 economic models analysing the causes of tropical deforestation.
They found that, when looking at proximate causes, deforestation is often associated with the presence of more roads, higher agricultural prices, lower wages, and a shortage of ____ employment.
____ they considered it likely that policy reforms associated with economic liberalisation and related adjustment increase the pressure on forests.
They pointed out, however, that many research studies ____ adopted poor methodology and low quality data, which makes the drawing of clear conclusions about the role of macroeconomic factors difficult.
3 과학의 우세한 사회적 위치
On the one hand, the astonishing success of modern science in predicting and explaining the world seems to justify relying on it and bestowing extraordinary ____ to scientific institutions (especially in the form of public funding).
On the other hand, the ____ societal position of science risks marginalizing alternative forms of knowledge acquisition.
It’s not clear that there still is a fair competition between science and its ____;
and it’s not straightforward that science has to prove its epistemic superiority in the 21st century in a ____ comparable to the period of the scientific revolution (16th-18th centuries).
This is Paul Feyerabend’s major argument in Science in a Free Society, which he casts as: “today science prevails not because of its comparative ____, but because the show has been rigged in its favour.”
So, Feyerabend insists, the fact that science has been the most appropriate means for addressing problems in the past doesn’t warrant that it’s ____ the most reliable form of knowledge acquisition for our current and future problems.
4 이민자 부모와 청소년의 특징
A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic groups and ____ of origin is that first-generation immigrant parents place a high value on the educational achievement of their adolescent children.
Immigrant parents tend to view earning good grades, finishing high ____, and attending college as the primary means through which their children can establish themselves in their country of destination.
Compared to native-born parents with similar education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher ____ aspirations for their children.
Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’ values regarding the importance of education and tend to study more and devote ____ effort to their schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents.
During adolescence, immigrants’ peer groups often become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant adolescents ____ their peers’ academic achievement, particularly for higher SES (socioeconomic status) adolescents.
5 즉흥 말하기
In public speaking, delivery with little or no ____ is called impromptu speaking.
You engage in impromptu speaking every day as you communicate thoughts and ____ that spring up in the moment with no preparation or practice whatsoever.
For example, when you answer a question in class or speak up during a meeting of a campus organization, ____ using impromptu speaking.
In this respect, impromptu speaking is simply another way to ____ the basic communication skills you already have and use regularly.
Learning how to express yourself on the spot without relying on research, extensive preparation, or notes will ____ you do well in your public speaking class and in less-structured speaking situations beyond the classroom.
In addition, developing your impromptu speaking skills increases your confidence and decreases your speaking anxiety in any presentation ____.
6 수익과 팀의 경기력
In principle, ____ is an intuitively plausible relationship between profit and team quality. Fans like to watch exciting games where the outcome is uncertain.
This is a result of competitive balance between the ____.
Tight, hard-fought games are more fun to watch ____ lopsided games in which the outcome is never in doubt.
However, fans also prefer to see their team win. As a result, attendance should ____ with improvement in the team’s performance.
Presumably, better teams ____ more than weaker teams.
Thus, improved team quality should translate into more wins and therefore ____ attendance.
With a given set of prices, increased attendance turns into increased revenue from gate ____, parking, and concessions.
This increased revenue should lead to higher ____, but it costs more to field a higher-quality team than a lower-quality team.
Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will vary ____ team to team depending on variation in the fan base.