2026수능특강 영독연 1강 변형문제 (7~12번)

The primary goal of replication is to determine the extent to which an ____ relationship generalizes across different tests of the research hypothesis.

However, just because a finding does not generalize does not mean it is not interesting or important. Indeed, science proceeds by discovering ____ conditions for previously demonstrated relationships.

Few relationships hold in all ____ and for all people.

____ theories are modified over time as more information about their limitations is discovered.

As an example, one of ____ interesting questions in research investigating the effects of exposure to violent material on aggression concerns the fact that although it is well known that the viewing of violence tends to increase aggression on average, this does not happen for all people.

So it is extremely important to conduct participant replications to determine which people will, and which will not, be ____ by exposure to violent material.

One might ____ why having a conversation on a mobile phone while driving is so much more disruptive than, for example, having a conversation with a passenger in the car.

A likely reason is the loss of control over the situation when having a mobile phone ____

____ passenger in the car will pick up from non-verbal cues that the driver needs to concentrate on the main task of driving at times when the latter becomes tricky.

A remote interlocutor is much less likely to pick up these cues and therefore will continue to make cognitively demanding conversation at a time when the secondary task needs to be shut down to devote resources to the main ____ task.

A cognitively demanding conversation, especially one ____ which the driver has little or no control in terms of dynamically adjusting his or her allocation of cognitive resources, appears to interfere with computation of speeds, distances and widths as required by the driving task, probably as a result of diminished attention to sensory inputs.

Use of a mobile phone also demands other secondary tasks, such as inputting of a telephone number on the keypad, which would also tend to interfere with ____ main driving task.

Firms often bundle goods or services for ____ or marketing purposes.

Shoe vendors could sell lefts and rights separately but ____ all consumers would rather buy the bundle.

Bundling can also help sellers extract higher profits when consumers have imperfectly correlated preferences ____ related goods.

For example, cable television services usually offer a wide range of programming, including channels that specialize ____ sports, food, drama, and news.

Cable services could allow their customers to purchase channels “a la carte” — sports ____ could purchase just the sports channels, and so forth.

But cable services instead set ____ single bundled price that is not too much more than individual a la carte prices.

(For example, the price for the “sports +food +drama +news” bundle is not much more than the price the service would ____ for the sports package alone.)

Since the cable service has essentially zero marginal cost ____ selling the bundle, this practice helps increase its profits.

Many studies have shown that the brain cannot recognize ____ difference between a well-imagined experience and the real thing.

Try this ____ Imagine that you have a beautiful juicy yellow lemon in your hand.

Imagine yourself slicing the lemon in half and looking at the juicy circle ____ the lemon.

Now, ____ yourself biting into the lemon.

If you are like many people, you begin ____ salivate.

You may feel some tightness in your throat from the ____

But you can see that ____ there is no real lemon, you are having a physiological reaction to an imagined experience.

So, too, with organizing; the more vividly you ____ imagine arriving on time in a calm, relaxed fashion, the more your body receives signals from your brain that it is a true experience.

Through visualizing, you are practicing for ____

In addition to ____ a hypothesis by being more specific about which amounts of one variable had what effect, you can change a hypothesis by being more specific about which aspect of a variable had what effect.

Thus, if your ____ involves a general construct, you may be able to improve your hypothesis by breaking that multidimensional construct down into its individual dimensions and then making hypotheses involving those individual components.

For example, rather than hypothesizing that love will increase over time, you might hypothesize that certain aspects of love (commitment, intimacy) will increase over time, whereas other parts ____ love) will not.

____ rather than saying that stress will interfere with memory, you might try to find what part of memory is most affected by stress.

Is it encoding, rehearsal, organization, ____ retrieval?

The component strategy has paid off for social psychologists who have broken down prejudice into its conscious and unconscious dimensions and for personality psychologists who have ____ down global (overall) self-esteem into different types (body self-esteem, academic self-esteem, social self-esteem, etc.).

Most organizations and leaders get into ____ in the implementation phase of the leadership process.

With self-serving leaders at the ____ the traditional hierarchical pyramid is kept alive and well.

When that happens, ____ do people think they work for? The people above them.

The minute you think you work for ____ person above you for implementation, you are assuming that person — your boss — is responsible and your job is being responsive to that boss and to his or her whims or wishes.

Now “boss ____ becomes a popular sport and people get promoted on their upward-influencing skills.

As a result, all the energy of the organization is moving up the hierarchy, away from customers and the frontline folks who are closest to ____ action.

What you get is a duck pond. When there is a conflict between what ____ customers want and what the boss wants, the boss wins.

You have people quacking like ducks: “It’s our policy.” “I just ____ here.” “Would you like me to get my supervisor?”