2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are ____ reasons why open-office plans have gained currency, but open offices may not be the plan of choice for all times.

Instead, the ____ plan seems to be building a culture of change.

Overly rigid habits and conventions, no matter how ____ or well-intentioned, threaten innovation.

The crucial take-away from analyzing ____ plans over time is that the answers keep changing.

It might seem that there is a straight line of progress, but ____ a myth.

Surveying office spaces from the past eighty years, one can see a ____ that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary office spaces shows that they have circled back around to essentially the same style, ____ a period in the 1980s when partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and colors may differ, but the 1940s and 2000s plans are alike, right ____ to the pillars running down the middle.

One reason why we are not all sitting in a cold and dark ____ right now is that progress makes us happy.

Joy often comes from perceiving yourself as moving forward, ____, learning, and evolving.

Consider ____ conducted in London by two neuroscientists, Bastien Blain and Robb Rutledge.

They had volunteers report their ____ every few minutes while playing a new game.

They found that the volunteers were happiest not when they gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did ____ them happy too), but when they learned about the game.

Learning ____ more to happiness than money.

You habituate to things — a ____ car, a large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

One cannot habituate to ____.

In Oscar ____ Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest Worthing tells his love interest, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for developments, and I ____ to develop in many directions.”

Over the course of human history, researchers have discovered that humans’ early ancestors were not able to use ____ language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars have noted that bone structures in Neanderthals may have ____ for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all sorts are able to live in community and share the division of labor, including caring for children and sharing food that has been hunted or ____.

How did such interactions occur if verbal language wasn’t a part of the lives of our ____ ancestors?

Nonverbal ____ like grunts or slight vocalizations was likely the early auditory form of communication, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social position or even the presence of spoiled meat.

The idea that nonverbal communication came first over the course of our species’ evolution is known as phylogenetic primacy, highlighting that our nonhuman ancestors had ____ figured out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

Why are we so sensitive to negative ____ and criticism?

Well, it seems to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, when the threat of ____ from the tribe could mean death.

This left us disproportionately ____ to threats, even the merely interpersonal threat of looking bad in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal ____ we detect in our day-to-day lives are not truly harmful, but we’re hardwired to react, even overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman ____ “loss aversion” — a tendency to overweigh losses (of money, possessions, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants were ____ a coffee mug and later offered the chance to sell it.

To part with their mug, participants ____ to be given twice as much in compensation as the amount they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly ____. We don’t want to lose; we don’t want to fail.

The pain of failing, even in ____ activities, is more emotionally salient than the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the brain when we are captivated by beautiful objects won’t completely solve the question of why the objects are ____.

To address the why ____, we turn to evolutionary psychology.

The basic idea of evolutionary psychology is that our mental abilities, like our physical traits, evolved if they enhanced our ____.

Our ancestors from a distant past adapted certain behavioral traits to survive ____ environments and to choose partners that would give them healthy children.

When it comes to beauty in people, ____ physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

These features, which were important in choosing a mate tens of thousands of years ago, are ____ we now regard as beautiful.

When it ____ to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting to our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering around in the distant past.

These scenes looked both safe and ____ in resources that would help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not all ____ constitute knowledge because not all habits are acquired with predictive, regulatory, or manipulative intent.

In fact, many habits emerge from the casual reinforcement of random ____ that are not part of a learning plan.

Although agents may not be entirely aware of all the associations between habitual actions and their context of execution, a minimal layer of pragmatic ____ is always attached to habitual behavior.

There is no assurance that habits developed unintentionally are advantageous for ____ because there is no guarantee that such habits would effectively carry out expert tasks.

For example, vices are blind, harmful, and largely compulsive behaviors, often called “bad ____.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, acquired early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their ____ trying to increase pedalling power rather than minimizing unnecessary upper body movements.

Habits do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks nor are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that not ____ sensorimotor habits convey practical knowledge.