2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are good reasons why open-office plans have gained currency, but open ____ may not be the plan of choice for all times.

Instead, the right plan ____ to be building a culture of change.

Overly rigid ____ and conventions, no matter how well-considered or well-intentioned, threaten innovation.

The crucial take-away from analyzing office ____ over time is that the answers keep changing.

It might seem that there is a straight line of progress, but ____ a myth.

Surveying office spaces from the past eighty years, one ____ see a cycle that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary office spaces shows ____ they have circled back around to essentially the same style, via a period in the 1980s when partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and colors may differ, but the 1940s and 2000s plans are alike, right down to the ____ running down the middle.

One reason why we are ____ all sitting in a cold and dark cave right now is that progress makes us happy.

Joy often comes from perceiving yourself as moving forward, changing, ____ and evolving.

Consider research conducted in London by two neuroscientists, Bastien Blain and Robb ____

They had volunteers report their ____ every few minutes while playing a new game.

They found that the volunteers were happiest not when they gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did make them happy too), but when they learned about the ____

Learning contributed more to happiness than ____

You habituate to ____ — a fancy car, a large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

One cannot ____ to change.

____ Oscar Wilde’s Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest Worthing tells his love interest, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for ____ and I intend to develop in many directions.”

Over the course of human history, researchers have discovered that humans’ early ancestors ____ not able to use verbal language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars have noted that bone structures in Neanderthals may have ____ for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all sorts are able to live in community and share ____ division of labor, including caring for children and sharing food that has been hunted or gathered.

How did such ____ occur if verbal language wasn’t a part of the lives of our early ancestors?

Nonverbal communication like grunts or slight vocalizations was likely the early auditory form of communication, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social ____ or even the presence of spoiled meat.

The idea that nonverbal communication came first over the course of our species’ evolution is known ____ phylogenetic primacy, highlighting that our nonhuman ancestors had likely figured out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

Why ____ we so sensitive to negative information and criticism?

Well, ____ seems to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, when the threat of rejection from the tribe could mean death.

This left ____ disproportionately sensitive to threats, even the merely interpersonal threat of looking bad in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal threats we detect ____ our day-to-day lives are not truly harmful, but we’re hardwired to react, even overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman called “loss aversion” ____ a tendency to overweigh losses (of money, possessions, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants were given a coffee mug and later offered the chance to ____ it.

To part with their ____ participants had to be given twice as much in compensation as the amount they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly human. We don’t want to lose; we don’t want to ____

The pain of failing, even in simple activities, is more emotionally salient ____ the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the ____ when we are captivated by beautiful objects won’t completely solve the question of why the objects are beautiful.

To address ____ why question, we turn to evolutionary psychology.

The ____ idea of evolutionary psychology is that our mental abilities, like our physical traits, evolved if they enhanced our survival.

Our ancestors from a distant past adapted certain behavioral traits to survive tough environments and to choose partners ____ would give them healthy children.

When it ____ to beauty in people, certain physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

These features, which were important in choosing a mate tens of thousands of years ago, are what we now ____ as beautiful.

When it ____ to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting to our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering around in the distant past.

These scenes looked ____ safe and rich in resources that would help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not all habits constitute knowledge because not all habits are acquired with predictive, ____ or manipulative intent.

In fact, many ____ emerge from the casual reinforcement of random associations that are not part of a learning plan.

Although agents may not be entirely aware of ____ the associations between habitual actions and their context of execution, a minimal layer of pragmatic expectations is always attached to habitual behavior.

There is no ____ that habits developed unintentionally are advantageous for agents because there is no guarantee that such habits would effectively carry out expert tasks.

For example, ____ are blind, harmful, and largely compulsive behaviors, often called “bad habits.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, acquired early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their shoulders trying to increase pedalling power ____ than minimizing unnecessary upper body movements.

Habits do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks nor are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that ____ all sensorimotor habits convey practical knowledge.