2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are good reasons why open-office plans have gained currency, but open offices may not be the plan of choice ____ all times.

Instead, the ____ plan seems to be building a culture of change.

Overly rigid habits and conventions, no matter how well-considered or well-intentioned, threaten ____

The crucial take-away from ____ office plans over time is that the answers keep changing.

It might seem that there is a straight line of progress, but it’s a ____

Surveying office spaces from the past eighty years, ____ can see a cycle that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary office spaces ____ that they have circled back around to essentially the same style, via a period in the 1980s when partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and colors may differ, but the 1940s and 2000s plans are alike, right down to the pillars running ____ the middle.

One reason why we are not all sitting in a cold and dark cave right now is that progress ____ us happy.

Joy often comes from perceiving ____ as moving forward, changing, learning, and evolving.

Consider research conducted in ____ by two neuroscientists, Bastien Blain and Robb Rutledge.

They had volunteers report their ____ every few minutes while playing a new game.

They found that the volunteers were happiest not when ____ gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did make them happy too), but when they learned about the game.

Learning contributed more ____ happiness than money.

____ habituate to things — a fancy car, a large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

One cannot habituate ____ change.

In Oscar Wilde’s Importance of Being ____ Ernest Worthing tells his love interest, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for developments, and I intend to develop in ____ directions.”

Over the course of human history, researchers have ____ that humans’ early ancestors were not able to use verbal language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars have noted that bone structures in Neanderthals may ____ allowed for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all ____ are able to live in community and share the division of labor, including caring for children and sharing food that has been hunted or gathered.

How did such interactions occur ____ verbal language wasn’t a part of the lives of our early ancestors?

Nonverbal communication like grunts or slight vocalizations was likely ____ early auditory form of communication, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social position or even the presence of spoiled meat.

The idea that nonverbal communication came first over the course of our species’ evolution is known as phylogenetic primacy, highlighting that our nonhuman ancestors had likely ____ out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

Why ____ we so sensitive to negative information and criticism?

Well, it seems to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, ____ the threat of rejection from the tribe could mean death.

This left us ____ sensitive to threats, even the merely interpersonal threat of looking bad in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal threats we detect in our day-to-day lives are not ____ harmful, but we’re hardwired to react, even overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman called “loss aversion” ____ a tendency to overweigh losses (of money, possessions, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants were given a coffee mug and later offered the ____ to sell it.

To part ____ their mug, participants had to be given twice as much in compensation as the amount they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly human. We don’t want to lose; we don’t ____ to fail.

The pain of failing, even in simple activities, ____ more emotionally salient than the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the brain when we are captivated by beautiful objects won’t completely solve the question of why the objects ____ beautiful.

To address the why question, we turn to ____ psychology.

The basic idea of evolutionary psychology is that our mental abilities, ____ our physical traits, evolved if they enhanced our survival.

Our ancestors from a distant past adapted ____ behavioral traits to survive tough environments and to choose partners that would give them healthy children.

When it comes to ____ in people, certain physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

These features, which were ____ in choosing a mate tens of thousands of years ago, are what we now regard as beautiful.

When it comes to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting ____ our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering around in the distant past.

These scenes looked both safe and ____ in resources that would help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not all habits constitute knowledge because ____ all habits are acquired with predictive, regulatory, or manipulative intent.

In fact, many habits ____ from the casual reinforcement of random associations that are not part of a learning plan.

Although agents may not be entirely aware of all ____ associations between habitual actions and their context of execution, a minimal layer of pragmatic expectations is always attached to habitual behavior.

There is no assurance that habits developed unintentionally are advantageous for agents because there is no guarantee that such habits would effectively carry out ____ tasks.

For example, vices are blind, harmful, and largely compulsive ____ often called “bad habits.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, acquired early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their shoulders trying ____ increase pedalling power rather than minimizing unnecessary upper body movements.

____ do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks nor are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that not all sensorimotor habits convey practical knowledge.