2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are good reasons why open-office plans have gained currency, but open offices may not be the ____ of choice for all times.

Instead, the ____ plan seems to be building a culture of change.

____ rigid habits and conventions, no matter how well-considered or well-intentioned, threaten innovation.

The crucial take-away from analyzing office plans over time is that the answers keep ____.

It ____ seem that there is a straight line of progress, but it’s a myth.

Surveying office spaces ____ the past eighty years, one can see a cycle that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary ____ spaces shows that they have circled back around to essentially the same style, via a period in the 1980s when partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and ____ may differ, but the 1940s and 2000s plans are alike, right down to the pillars running down the middle.

One reason why we are not all sitting in a ____ and dark cave right now is that progress makes us happy.

Joy often comes from ____ yourself as moving forward, changing, learning, and evolving.

Consider research conducted in London by two neuroscientists, ____ Blain and Robb Rutledge.

They had volunteers ____ their feelings every few minutes while playing a new game.

They found that the volunteers were happiest not when they gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did make them happy too), but when they learned about the ____.

____ contributed more to happiness than money.

____ habituate to things — a fancy car, a large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

____ cannot habituate to change.

In ____ Wilde’s Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest Worthing tells his love interest, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for ____, and I intend to develop in many directions.”

Over the course of human history, researchers have discovered that humans’ early ancestors were not able to ____ verbal language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars have noted that bone structures in ____ may have allowed for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all sorts are able to live in community and share the division of labor, including caring for children and ____ food that has been hunted or gathered.

How did such interactions occur if verbal language ____ a part of the lives of our early ancestors?

Nonverbal communication like grunts or slight vocalizations was likely the early auditory form of communication, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social position or even the presence of spoiled ____.

The idea that nonverbal communication came first over the course of our species’ evolution is known as phylogenetic primacy, highlighting that our nonhuman ____ had likely figured out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

____ are we so sensitive to negative information and criticism?

Well, it ____ to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, when the threat of rejection from the tribe could mean death.

This left us disproportionately ____ to threats, even the merely interpersonal threat of looking bad in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal ____ we detect in our day-to-day lives are not truly harmful, but we’re hardwired to react, even overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman called “loss aversion” — a tendency to overweigh ____ (of money, possessions, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants were given a coffee ____ and later offered the chance to sell it.

To part with their mug, participants had to be given twice as ____ in compensation as the amount they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly human. We don’t ____ to lose; we don’t want to fail.

The pain of failing, even in simple ____, is more emotionally salient than the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the brain when we are captivated by beautiful objects won’t completely solve the question of why the objects are ____.

To address the why ____, we turn to evolutionary psychology.

The basic idea of ____ psychology is that our mental abilities, like our physical traits, evolved if they enhanced our survival.

Our ancestors from a distant past adapted certain ____ traits to survive tough environments and to choose partners that would give them healthy children.

When it comes to beauty in ____, certain physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

____ features, which were important in choosing a mate tens of thousands of years ago, are what we now regard as beautiful.

When it comes to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting to our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering ____ in the distant past.

These scenes looked ____ safe and rich in resources that would help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not all habits constitute knowledge because ____ all habits are acquired with predictive, regulatory, or manipulative intent.

In fact, many habits emerge from the casual reinforcement of random associations that are ____ part of a learning plan.

Although agents may not be entirely aware of all the ____ between habitual actions and their context of execution, a minimal layer of pragmatic expectations is always attached to habitual behavior.

There is no assurance that habits ____ unintentionally are advantageous for agents because there is no guarantee that such habits would effectively carry out expert tasks.

For example, vices are blind, harmful, and ____ compulsive behaviors, often called “bad habits.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, ____ early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their shoulders trying to increase pedalling power rather than minimizing unnecessary upper body movements.

Habits do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks nor are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that not all ____ habits convey practical knowledge.