2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have ____ the scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically identify ____ new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on ____ laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans are still responsible for forming ____, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the ____ scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a ____ from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a ____ system made a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve ____ problems depend upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and ____.

As another example, consider flooding of small urban ____. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers and their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a ____ flood hazard.

We may choose to place the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly ____ the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that ____ floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is ____ river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise is ____, is kind of obvious.

Early ____ had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat ____.

But not all exercise in the ancient world was ____ related.

If you were wealthy enough to attend ____ of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also ____ body.

This idea is ____ just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and ____ health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one ____ find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in ____ the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the ____ way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can ____ how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the ____ somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the present.

There is a direct and ____ physical connection between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one ____ knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play ____ roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly ____ as playing a crucial role.

____, attempts to add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a ____ lifestyle.

Although fear ____ are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions ____ played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

____ has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that ____ be fostered but not taught.

Psychological studies have ____ that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of ____ patterns.

The ____, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which is that any particular point of view is but ____ of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking ____ alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas ____ thinking permits significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate ____ solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct at the moment, an ____ is postponed.

Once a certain point ____ been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to ____ very much.

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has ____ completed.

The various ____ of the bridge do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone has been laid, the entire ____ must be self-supporting.