2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have aided ____ scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help ____ automatically identify promising new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory ____ to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans are still responsible for ____ hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — ____ without human intervention?

The idea may sound like ____ plot from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system made a ____ scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems depend upon how we value people and the ____

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society ____ to endorse and implement.

As another ____ consider flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers and their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood ____

We may ____ to place the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we ____ choose to restore our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, ____ and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise is ____ is kind of obvious.

Early farmers ____ to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, ____ javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all exercise in the ancient world was combat ____

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of ____ physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live ____ best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This ____ is not just Western.

Confucius and other ____ Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one could find ____

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to ____ past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the same way as biologists see ____ organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and ____

In much the same way, some scholars ____ the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the present.

There is a direct and almost ____ connection between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that ____ development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior ____ efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these ____ — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add an emotional ____ to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change ____ smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in ____ and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective ____ increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always ____ rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can ____ fostered but not taught.

Psychological studies have found that the natural creativity of children often declines after ____ couple of years in school.

According to a ____ Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, ____ innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, ____ fundamental principle of which is that any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as ____ descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing models.

Vertical ____ is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking permits significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as ____ ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

____ of constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point has been reached, it is often possible to retrace ____ logical path to the starting point.

Once that ____ been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn ____ once construction has been completed.

The ____ parts of the bridge do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone ____ been laid, the entire structure must be self-supporting.