2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have aided ____ scientific process for decades.

Will they be ____ to take the next step, and help us automatically identify promising new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on ____ laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans are still responsible for ____ hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the ____ scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a ____ from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in ____ a robotic system made a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems depend upon how ____ value people and the environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that ____ as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, consider flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is ____ hazard experienced by many communities.

____ study of rivers and their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

____ may choose to place the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our urban streams and their floodplains, the ____ land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, ____ rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise is modern, is kind of ____

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few ____ years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings ____ that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all ____ in the ancient world was combat related.

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would ____ been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers ____ Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This ____ is not just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was ____ essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really ____ and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before ____ happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in ____ the same way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they ____ predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of ____ in the past and the present.

There is a direct and almost physical connection between past and ____

If one perceives the present ____ the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments ____ decisions.

After many years in ____ theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have ____ almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present ____ facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is ____ to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may ____ be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction ____ thinking).

Researchers ____ viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not taught.

Psychological studies have found that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple ____ years in school.

According to a ____ Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond ____ limitations of previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which is that any particular point of ____ is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing ____

Vertical ____ is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking permits significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves ____ problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating ____ accepting that which appears to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point has been reached, it is often possible to retrace a ____ path to the starting point.

Once ____ has been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building ____ vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various parts of the bridge do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the ____

____ once the keystone has been laid, the entire structure must be self-supporting.