2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have ____ the scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically identify promising new discoveries ____ technologies?

If so, it could ____ accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans are still responsible for forming ____ designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the ____ analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may ____ like a plot from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system made a new scientific discovery with ____ no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental ____ depend upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population ____ reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

____ another example, consider flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers ____ their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose to place the stream ____ a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to ____ our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a ____ of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, ____ adult exercise is modern, is kind of obvious.

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, ____ through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, ____ and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all ____ in the ancient world was combat related.

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical ____

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also ____ body.

This idea ____ not just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that ____ was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not ____ future really exists and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and ____ on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the same way as biologists ____ living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an ____ and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow ____ out of conditions in the past and the present.

There is a direct and almost physical connection between past ____ future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly ____ what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and ____ health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, ____ self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to ____ an emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements ____ promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly ____ they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear ____ not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction ____ thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not ____

Psychological studies have ____ that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the ____ of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous ____ is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which is that any particular ____ of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon ____ there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking permits significant ____

The individual steps involved in ____ thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead ____ constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

____ a certain point has been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has been accomplished, the ____ and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building ____ vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various parts of the bridge do not have to stand ____ their own during each phase of the project.

But once the ____ has been laid, the entire structure must be self-supporting.