2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have aided the ____ process for decades.

Will they be ____ to take the next step, and help us automatically identify promising new discoveries and technologies?

____ so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

____ humans are still responsible for forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and ____ which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a plot from ____ futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system made a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual ____

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems depend upon how ____ value people and the environment.

For example, if ____ believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, ____ flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers and ____ natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose ____ place the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, ____ may choose to restore our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that ____ the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise is modern, is kind of ____

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through ____ to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped ____ warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not ____ exercise in the ancient world was combat related.

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of ____ great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached ____ to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This idea is ____ just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and ____ health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or ____ the future really exists and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers ____ able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the same way as biologists ____ living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an ____ and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and ____ present.

There is a direct ____ almost physical connection between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows ____ laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles ____ health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly ____ as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have ____ almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking ____ healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are ____ memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but ____ fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. ____ learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not ____

Psychological studies have ____ that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of ____ patterns.

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is integral to ____ process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle ____ which is that any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building ____ existing models.

Vertical thinking is ____ gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking permits significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral ____ need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be ____ at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point has been reached, it is often possible ____ retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has ____ accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a ____ with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various parts of the bridge do not have to stand ____ their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone has been laid, ____ entire structure must be self-supporting.