2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have ____ the scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically identify ____ new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to ____ genomes.

But, humans are still responsible for forming hypotheses, ____ experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be ____ for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The ____ may sound like a plot from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system ____ a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems ____ upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious ____ to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, ____ flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers and their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood ____.

We may choose to ____ the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to ____ our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of ____ including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The ____, that adult exercise is modern, is kind of obvious.

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to ____ for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that ____ like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all exercise in the ancient world was combat ____.

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as ____ of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only ____ mind but also one’s body.

This idea is not just ____.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for ____ and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one could ____ it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, ____ time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the same way as ____ see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic ____ of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” ____ of conditions in the past and the present.

There is a direct and ____ physical connection between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past ____, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related ____ and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial ____.

However, attempts to add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused ____ exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the ____ into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and ____, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in ____ health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning ____ in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed ____ as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not taught.

____ studies have found that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the ____ of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether ____ or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which is that any ____ point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns ____ of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral ____ permits significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral ____ need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be ____ at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain ____ has been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that ____ been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is ____ building a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various ____ of the bridge do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone ____ been laid, the entire structure must be self-supporting.