2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have aided the ____ process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically identify promising new discoveries ____ technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists ____ been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans are still responsible ____ forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, ____ and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a plot from a ____ sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a ____ system made a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve ____ problems depend upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, ____ we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, ____ flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers and their natural processes ____ to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose to place the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the ____ hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our urban streams and their floodplains, ____ flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use ____ stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise is modern, is kind of ____

Early farmers had to toil as hard ____ if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and ____ carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all exercise in the ancient world was combat ____

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of ____ physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also ____ body.

This ____ is not just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics ____ martial arts.

There is ____ debate about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside ____ realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars ____ time in much the same way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists ____ the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same ____ some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the present.

There is a direct and almost physical connection ____ past and future.

If one perceives ____ present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and ____

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized ____ playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add ____ emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public ____ announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do ____ is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role ____ steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in ____ predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not ____

Psychological studies have found that the natural creativity of children ____ declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of deep-rooted ____

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns ____ integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which is ____ any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns ____ of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking ____ significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as ____ ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct ____ the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once ____ certain point has been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter ____ much.

Lateral thinking is like ____ a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various parts ____ the bridge do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone has been laid, the entire structure must be ____