2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have ____ the scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically ____ promising new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven ____ instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, ____ are still responsible for forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and ____ which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a ____ from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system ____ a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems ____ upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value ____ that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, consider flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many ____.

The study of rivers and their ____ processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose to place the stream in a ____ box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our urban streams and their ____, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that ____ in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult ____ is modern, is kind of obvious.

Early farmers ____ to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone ____ skills.

But not all ____ in the ancient world was combat related.

If you were wealthy ____ to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, ____ should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This idea is not just ____.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese ____ also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the ____ really exists and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it ____,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see ____ in much the same way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the ____ that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the ____.

There is a direct and almost physical ____ between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can ____ fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and ____ health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized ____, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add an emotional ____ to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier ____.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; ____, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions ____ played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical ____. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not ____.

Psychological studies have found that the natural ____ of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity ____ the restructuring of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, ____ innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the ____ principle of which is that any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing ____.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking ____ significant leaps.

The individual steps ____ in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that which ____ to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a ____ point has been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very ____.

Lateral thinking is like building a ____ or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various parts of the bridge do not have to ____ on their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone has been laid, the entire structure ____ be self-supporting.