2026 수특 영독연 12강 변형문제 (7-12번)

Electric scooters are the latest vogue ____ urban transportation.

They wait in clusters on the pavement, ____ for hire by anyone with a smartphone and a credit card. Scooters are faster than walking, easier than cycling, and simpler than cars.

They turn the ____ landscape into a playground. Riding them is a carefree experience — but it is more restrained than it might seem.

Every journey is tracked from start to finish. No matter ____ hard the throttle is pressed, the scooters will not go above a particular speed.

They ____ to leave designated urban areas.

And there is no haggling over the fare: an ____ charges a precise sum depending on the length of the journey.

None of this is inherently objectionable. But scooters do offer a helpful example of the paradox of digital technologies: they offer freedom, but only in ____ for some surrender of control.

This is not a paradox that ____ ever be fully resolved.

The question will always be whether the balance between freedom and control is struck ____ the right place.

It is possible, ____ principle, that language suddenly appeared fully formed during human evolution without any gradual or intermediate forms.

That ____ a linguistic Big Bang, has been championed by linguists such as Noam Chomsky.

But it is extremely improbable, biologically speaking, that such a complex characteristic as our capacity for speech ____ popped up out of nowhere.

It is more likely that language evolved in several stages in the same way, for instance, as our large brains did or our ____ ability.

This may have been a process similar to the one children go through, or the process may have ____ entirely different and involved intermediate forms.

But some form of evolution must have occurred on the journey from non-speaking ape to ____ humans.

At some point there must have been linguistic precursors, simpler forms of ____

There must also have been a protolanguage, the first one that could ____ called a language.

In prior ages to the Digital Age, the power to create information remained primarily in the ____ of designated authorities, be they the King or the New York Times.

Today however, advances in information technology — specifically, computers and telecommunicators ____ have resulted in a situation where information can be created by anyone and can flow from anyone to everyone else.

Take for example these astounding statistics: at the time of writing this paper, the number of websites currently online is over 1.5 billion, the number of active users on some of the biggest social media platforms is over ____ billion, and the number of Internet users is over four billion.

More specific to consumer-created content, 400 hours of videos are uploaded every minute and searches of “how to” videos are growing 70% year over year ____ popular video sites.

These numbers will likely increase by ____ time this manuscript goes to print.

People today are not simply innocent consumers of information, but also providers of information through their own content ____ which is “the material people contribute to the online world.”

Today, the production and distribution of information is a market in which nearly everyone can, and ____ participate.

In the Digital Age, advances in information technology have shifted the power to create and share content from designated authorities to ____ resulting in a participatory information market where nearly everyone contributes.

____ research is typically based on a cycle involving several distinct stages.

The cycle typically starts with a collection of incidental observations ____ the formulation of a possible explanation for these observations.

This explanation ____ known as a theory. Based on this theory, we can then make predictions about conditions that we have not yet observed.

In other words, ____ can formulate specific hypotheses.

Now, we can design an experiment that aims to disprove our theory: when the results of our experiment are consistent ____ the theory, we have no reason to suspect that anything is wrong with it.

When the results are inconsistent, however, we will either have ____ adjust our theory, or to reject it altogether.

It ____ impossible to ‘prove’ a theory: as long as we find no conflicting evidence, the theory remains plausible.

This does not exclude the possibility, however, ____ there might be future results that will conflict.

Although a theory becomes more plausible, the more results we find that are consistent with it, it remains the case that (at least in ____ a single experiment yielding conflicting results would be sufficient to overthrow it.

One of the truths about writing in science is that it substantially limits the amount of insincere blather that can emanate from the mind of a ____ when he/she has absolutely no idea about a correct response.

A student ____ does not have a basic understanding of scientific theories will have immense difficulty in applying them.

In responding ____ an authentic scientific problem through an essay, there is no way to “luck out” on a guess at the correct answer, there is no place to hide.

In general, essays that require students to invoke relevant scientific principles and theories and to explore potential applications are more genuine assessments of student knowledge than objective tests of short questions paired with possible answers already ____

Another advantage of writing essays is that the teacher can get a sense of where student comprehension is strong and where understanding ____ to break down.

After all, writing is ____ form of concretized thought.

Thus, when a student’s grasp of a concept begins to get off-track, it is only through those moments when thought is made visible that a teacher ____ able to identify the problem and provide help.

Writing provides the opportunity for the kind of ____ that can prevent conceptual misunderstandings that can haunt a student for his entire academic career.

Indeed, Heddy & Sinatra (2013) and Francek (2013) have found that one of the most difficult areas of teaching is trying to get students to unlearn a ____