2026 수특 영독연 12강 변형문제 (7-12번)

Electric scooters are the latest vogue ____ urban transportation.

They ____ in clusters on the pavement, ready for hire by anyone with a smartphone and a credit card. Scooters are faster than walking, easier than cycling, and simpler than cars.

They turn the urban landscape into a playground. Riding them is a carefree experience — but it ____ more restrained than it might seem.

Every journey is tracked from start to finish. No matter ____ hard the throttle is pressed, the scooters will not go above a particular speed.

They refuse to leave ____ urban areas.

And there is no haggling over the fare: an app ____ a precise sum depending on the length of the journey.

None of this is inherently objectionable. But ____ do offer a helpful example of the paradox of digital technologies: they offer freedom, but only in exchange for some surrender of control.

This is not a paradox that ____ ever be fully resolved.

The question will always be whether the balance between freedom and control is struck in ____ right place.

It is possible, in principle, ____ language suddenly appeared fully formed during human evolution without any gradual or intermediate forms.

That ____ a linguistic Big Bang, has been championed by linguists such as Noam Chomsky.

But it is extremely improbable, biologically speaking, that such a complex characteristic as our capacity for speech just popped up out ____ nowhere.

____ is more likely that language evolved in several stages in the same way, for instance, as our large brains did or our tool-making ability.

This may have been a process similar ____ the one children go through, or the process may have been entirely different and involved intermediate forms.

But some form of evolution must have occurred on the journey from ____ ape to speaking humans.

At some point there ____ have been linguistic precursors, simpler forms of language.

There must also have been a ____ the first one that could be called a language.

____ prior ages to the Digital Age, the power to create information remained primarily in the hands of designated authorities, be they the King or the New York Times.

Today however, advances in information technology — specifically, computers and telecommunicators — have resulted in a situation where information can be ____ by anyone and can flow from anyone to everyone else.

Take for example these astounding statistics: ____ the time of writing this paper, the number of websites currently online is over 1.5 billion, the number of active users on some of the biggest social media platforms is over two billion, and the number of Internet users is over four billion.

More specific to consumer-created content, 400 hours of videos are uploaded every minute and searches of “how to” videos ____ growing 70% year over year on popular video sites.

These ____ will likely increase by the time this manuscript goes to print.

People today are not simply innocent consumers of information, but also providers of information ____ their own content creation, which is “the material people contribute to the online world.”

Today, the production and distribution of information is ____ market in which nearly everyone can, and does, participate.

In the Digital Age, advances in information technology have shifted the power to create and share content from designated authorities to ____ resulting in a participatory information market where nearly everyone contributes.

Scientific research is typically based ____ a cycle involving several distinct stages.

The ____ typically starts with a collection of incidental observations and the formulation of a possible explanation for these observations.

This explanation is known as a theory. Based on this theory, we can ____ make predictions about conditions that we have not yet observed.

In other words, we can formulate specific ____

Now, we can design an experiment that aims to disprove our theory: when the results of our experiment are consistent with the theory, we have ____ reason to suspect that anything is wrong with it.

When the results are inconsistent, however, we will either have to adjust our theory, ____ to reject it altogether.

It is impossible to ‘prove’ a ____ as long as we find no conflicting evidence, the theory remains plausible.

This does ____ exclude the possibility, however, that there might be future results that will conflict.

Although a theory becomes more plausible, the more results we find that are consistent with it, it remains ____ case that (at least in principle) a single experiment yielding conflicting results would be sufficient to overthrow it.

One of the truths about writing in science is that it substantially limits the amount of insincere blather that ____ emanate from the mind of a student when he/she has absolutely no idea about a correct response.

A student who does not have a basic understanding of scientific theories will ____ immense difficulty in applying them.

In responding to an authentic scientific problem through an essay, there is no way to “luck out” on a ____ at the correct answer, there is no place to hide.

In general, essays that require ____ to invoke relevant scientific principles and theories and to explore potential applications are more genuine assessments of student knowledge than objective tests of short questions paired with possible answers already furnished.

Another advantage of writing essays is that the teacher ____ get a sense of where student comprehension is strong and where understanding begins to break down.

After all, writing is a form ____ concretized thought.

Thus, when a student’s grasp of a concept begins to get off-track, it is only through those moments when ____ is made visible that a teacher is able to identify the problem and provide help.

Writing provides the opportunity for the kind of intervention that can prevent ____ misunderstandings that can haunt a student for his entire academic career.

Indeed, Heddy & Sinatra (2013) ____ Francek (2013) have found that one of the most difficult areas of teaching is trying to get students to unlearn a misconception.