2026 수특 영독연 12강 변형문제 (7-12번)

Electric scooters are the ____ vogue in urban transportation.

They wait in clusters on the pavement, ready for hire by anyone with a smartphone and a credit card. Scooters are faster than walking, easier than cycling, and simpler ____ cars.

They turn the urban landscape into a playground. Riding them is a carefree experience — but it is more restrained ____ it might seem.

____ journey is tracked from start to finish. No matter how hard the throttle is pressed, the scooters will not go above a particular speed.

They ____ to leave designated urban areas.

And there is no haggling over the fare: an app charges a ____ sum depending on the length of the journey.

____ of this is inherently objectionable. But scooters do offer a helpful example of the paradox of digital technologies: they offer freedom, but only in exchange for some surrender of control.

This is not a paradox that will ever be ____ resolved.

The question will always be whether the balance between freedom and control is ____ in the right place.

It is possible, in principle, that language suddenly appeared fully formed during human evolution ____ any gradual or intermediate forms.

That notion, a linguistic Big Bang, has been championed by linguists such as ____ Chomsky.

But it is extremely improbable, biologically speaking, that such a complex characteristic as our capacity for speech just popped up ____ of nowhere.

It is more likely that language evolved in ____ stages in the same way, for instance, as our large brains did or our tool-making ability.

This may have been a process similar to the one children go through, or the process ____ have been entirely different and involved intermediate forms.

But some form of evolution must have occurred on the journey from non-speaking ____ to speaking humans.

At some point there must have been linguistic ____, simpler forms of language.

There must also have been a protolanguage, the first ____ that could be called a language.

In prior ages to the Digital Age, the power to create information remained primarily in the hands of designated authorities, be they the King or the ____ York Times.

Today however, advances in information ____ — specifically, computers and telecommunicators — have resulted in a situation where information can be created by anyone and can flow from anyone to everyone else.

____ for example these astounding statistics: at the time of writing this paper, the number of websites currently online is over 1.5 billion, the number of active users on some of the biggest social media platforms is over two billion, and the number of Internet users is over four billion.

More specific to consumer-created content, 400 hours of videos are uploaded every minute and searches of “how to” ____ are growing 70% year over year on popular video sites.

These numbers ____ likely increase by the time this manuscript goes to print.

People today are not simply innocent consumers of information, but also providers of information through their own content creation, ____ is “the material people contribute to the online world.”

Today, the ____ and distribution of information is a market in which nearly everyone can, and does, participate.

In the ____ Age, advances in information technology have shifted the power to create and share content from designated authorities to individuals, resulting in a participatory information market where nearly everyone contributes.

____ research is typically based on a cycle involving several distinct stages.

The cycle typically starts with a collection of incidental observations and the ____ of a possible explanation for these observations.

This explanation is known as a theory. Based on this theory, we can then make predictions about conditions that we ____ not yet observed.

In other words, we ____ formulate specific hypotheses.

Now, we can design an experiment that aims to disprove our theory: when the ____ of our experiment are consistent with the theory, we have no reason to suspect that anything is wrong with it.

____ the results are inconsistent, however, we will either have to adjust our theory, or to reject it altogether.

It is ____ to ‘prove’ a theory: as long as we find no conflicting evidence, the theory remains plausible.

This does not exclude the possibility, however, that ____ might be future results that will conflict.

Although a theory becomes more plausible, the more results we find that are consistent with it, it remains the case that (at least in principle) a single experiment yielding ____ results would be sufficient to overthrow it.

One of the truths about writing in science is that it substantially limits the amount of insincere blather that can emanate from the mind of a ____ when he/she has absolutely no idea about a correct response.

A student who does not have a basic understanding of ____ theories will have immense difficulty in applying them.

In responding to an authentic scientific problem through an essay, there is no way to “____ out” on a guess at the correct answer, there is no place to hide.

In general, essays that require students to invoke relevant scientific principles and theories and to explore potential applications are more genuine assessments of student knowledge than ____ tests of short questions paired with possible answers already furnished.

Another ____ of writing essays is that the teacher can get a sense of where student comprehension is strong and where understanding begins to break down.

After all, ____ is a form of concretized thought.

Thus, when a student’s grasp of a concept begins to get ____, it is only through those moments when thought is made visible that a teacher is able to identify the problem and provide help.

Writing provides the opportunity for the kind of intervention that can prevent conceptual misunderstandings that can haunt a student for his ____ academic career.

Indeed, Heddy & Sinatra (2013) and Francek (2013) ____ found that one of the most difficult areas of teaching is trying to get students to unlearn a misconception.