2026 수특 영독연 12강 변형문제 (7-12번)

Electric scooters are the latest vogue in urban ____.

They wait in clusters on the pavement, ready for hire by anyone with a ____ and a credit card. Scooters are faster than walking, easier than cycling, and simpler than cars.

They turn the urban ____ into a playground. Riding them is a carefree experience — but it is more restrained than it might seem.

Every journey is tracked from start to finish. No matter how hard the throttle is pressed, the scooters ____ not go above a particular speed.

They refuse to ____ designated urban areas.

And there is no haggling over the fare: an app charges a precise sum depending on the length of the ____.

None of this is ____ objectionable. But scooters do offer a helpful example of the paradox of digital technologies: they offer freedom, but only in exchange for some surrender of control.

This is not a paradox that will ____ be fully resolved.

The question will always be whether the balance ____ freedom and control is struck in the right place.

It is possible, in principle, that language suddenly appeared fully ____ during human evolution without any gradual or intermediate forms.

That ____, a linguistic Big Bang, has been championed by linguists such as Noam Chomsky.

But it is extremely improbable, biologically speaking, that such a complex characteristic as our capacity for speech just popped up ____ of nowhere.

It is more likely that ____ evolved in several stages in the same way, for instance, as our large brains did or our tool-making ability.

This may have been a process similar to the one children go through, or the process may have been entirely different and involved intermediate ____.

But some form of evolution must have occurred on the journey from non-speaking ____ to speaking humans.

At ____ point there must have been linguistic precursors, simpler forms of language.

There must also ____ been a protolanguage, the first one that could be called a language.

In prior ages to the ____ Age, the power to create information remained primarily in the hands of designated authorities, be they the King or the New York Times.

Today however, advances in information technology — specifically, ____ and telecommunicators — have resulted in a situation where information can be created by anyone and can flow from anyone to everyone else.

Take for example these astounding statistics: at the time of writing this paper, the number of websites currently online is over 1.5 billion, the number of active users on some of the biggest social media platforms is over two billion, and the number of Internet users is over ____ billion.

More specific to consumer-created content, 400 hours of videos are uploaded ____ minute and searches of “how to” videos are growing 70% year over year on popular video sites.

These numbers will likely increase by the time this manuscript ____ to print.

People today are not simply innocent consumers of information, but ____ providers of information through their own content creation, which is “the material people contribute to the online world.”

Today, the production and distribution of information is a ____ in which nearly everyone can, and does, participate.

In the Digital Age, advances in information technology have shifted the power to create and share content from designated authorities to individuals, resulting in a participatory information market where ____ everyone contributes.

Scientific research is typically based on a cycle involving several ____ stages.

The cycle typically starts with a ____ of incidental observations and the formulation of a possible explanation for these observations.

This explanation is known as a theory. Based on this theory, we can then make predictions about conditions that we have not ____ observed.

In other ____, we can formulate specific hypotheses.

Now, we can design an experiment that aims to disprove our theory: when the results of our ____ are consistent with the theory, we have no reason to suspect that anything is wrong with it.

When the results are inconsistent, however, we ____ either have to adjust our theory, or to reject it altogether.

It is impossible to ‘prove’ a ____: as long as we find no conflicting evidence, the theory remains plausible.

This does not exclude the ____, however, that there might be future results that will conflict.

Although a theory becomes more plausible, the more results we find that are consistent with it, it remains the case that (at least in principle) a single experiment yielding ____ results would be sufficient to overthrow it.

One of the truths about writing in science is that it substantially limits the amount of insincere blather that can emanate from the mind of a student when he/she ____ absolutely no idea about a correct response.

A student who does not have a basic understanding of scientific theories ____ have immense difficulty in applying them.

In responding to an authentic scientific problem through an essay, there is no way to “____ out” on a guess at the correct answer, there is no place to hide.

In general, essays that require students to invoke relevant scientific principles and theories and to explore potential applications are more genuine assessments of student knowledge than objective tests of short questions paired with possible answers ____ furnished.

Another advantage of ____ essays is that the teacher can get a sense of where student comprehension is strong and where understanding begins to break down.

After all, writing is a form of ____ thought.

Thus, when a student’s ____ of a concept begins to get off-track, it is only through those moments when thought is made visible that a teacher is able to identify the problem and provide help.

Writing provides the opportunity for the kind of intervention that can prevent conceptual misunderstandings that can ____ a student for his entire academic career.

Indeed, Heddy & Sinatra (2013) and Francek (2013) have found that ____ of the most difficult areas of teaching is trying to get students to unlearn a misconception.