2026 수특 영독연 12강 변형문제 (7-12번)

Electric scooters are the latest vogue in urban ____

They wait in clusters on ____ pavement, ready for hire by anyone with a smartphone and a credit card. Scooters are faster than walking, easier than cycling, and simpler than cars.

They turn the urban landscape into a playground. Riding them is a carefree experience — ____ it is more restrained than it might seem.

Every journey is tracked from start to finish. No matter how hard the throttle is pressed, the ____ will not go above a particular speed.

They ____ to leave designated urban areas.

And there is no haggling over the fare: an app charges a precise ____ depending on the length of the journey.

None of this is inherently objectionable. But scooters do offer a helpful example of the paradox of digital technologies: they offer freedom, but ____ in exchange for some surrender of control.

This is not a paradox that will ____ be fully resolved.

The question will always be whether the balance between freedom and control is ____ in the right place.

It ____ possible, in principle, that language suddenly appeared fully formed during human evolution without any gradual or intermediate forms.

That notion, a linguistic Big Bang, has been championed by linguists such ____ Noam Chomsky.

But it is extremely ____ biologically speaking, that such a complex characteristic as our capacity for speech just popped up out of nowhere.

It is more likely that ____ evolved in several stages in the same way, for instance, as our large brains did or our tool-making ability.

This may have been a process similar to the one children go through, or the process may have been entirely different ____ involved intermediate forms.

____ some form of evolution must have occurred on the journey from non-speaking ape to speaking humans.

At some point there must have ____ linguistic precursors, simpler forms of language.

There must also have ____ a protolanguage, the first one that could be called a language.

In prior ages to the Digital Age, the power to create information remained primarily in the hands of ____ authorities, be they the King or the New York Times.

Today however, advances in information technology — specifically, computers and telecommunicators — have resulted ____ a situation where information can be created by anyone and can flow from anyone to everyone else.

Take for example these astounding statistics: at the time of writing this paper, the number of websites currently online is over 1.5 billion, the number of active users on some of the biggest social media platforms is ____ two billion, and the number of Internet users is over four billion.

More specific to consumer-created content, 400 hours of videos are ____ every minute and searches of “how to” videos are growing 70% year over year on popular video sites.

These numbers will likely increase by the ____ this manuscript goes to print.

People today are not simply innocent consumers of information, but also providers of ____ through their own content creation, which is “the material people contribute to the online world.”

Today, the production and distribution of information is a market in which nearly everyone can, and ____ participate.

In the Digital Age, advances in information technology have shifted the power to create and ____ content from designated authorities to individuals, resulting in a participatory information market where nearly everyone contributes.

Scientific research is typically based on a cycle involving ____ distinct stages.

The cycle typically starts with a collection of incidental observations and the formulation of a possible explanation ____ these observations.

This explanation is known as a ____ Based on this theory, we can then make predictions about conditions that we have not yet observed.

In other words, we can formulate ____ hypotheses.

Now, we can ____ an experiment that aims to disprove our theory: when the results of our experiment are consistent with the theory, we have no reason to suspect that anything is wrong with it.

When the results are inconsistent, however, ____ will either have to adjust our theory, or to reject it altogether.

It is impossible to ‘prove’ a theory: ____ long as we find no conflicting evidence, the theory remains plausible.

This ____ not exclude the possibility, however, that there might be future results that will conflict.

Although a theory becomes more plausible, the more results we find that are consistent with it, ____ remains the case that (at least in principle) a single experiment yielding conflicting results would be sufficient to overthrow it.

One of the truths about writing in science is that it substantially limits the amount of insincere blather that can emanate ____ the mind of a student when he/she has absolutely no idea about a correct response.

A student who does ____ have a basic understanding of scientific theories will have immense difficulty in applying them.

In responding to an authentic scientific problem through an essay, there is no way to “luck out” ____ a guess at the correct answer, there is no place to hide.

In general, essays that require students to invoke relevant scientific ____ and theories and to explore potential applications are more genuine assessments of student knowledge than objective tests of short questions paired with possible answers already furnished.

Another advantage of writing essays is that the teacher can get a sense of where student comprehension ____ strong and where understanding begins to break down.

____ all, writing is a form of concretized thought.

Thus, when a student’s grasp of a concept begins to get ____ it is only through those moments when thought is made visible that a teacher is able to identify the problem and provide help.

Writing provides the opportunity for the ____ of intervention that can prevent conceptual misunderstandings that can haunt a student for his entire academic career.

Indeed, Heddy & Sinatra (2013) and Francek (2013) have found that one of the most difficult areas of teaching ____ trying to get students to unlearn a misconception.