2026 수특 영독연 8강 변형문제 (7~12번)

Designers use diagrams, pictures, and simple illustrations to explain their work, whether it is how to turn the power on or off in a machine or how to use a DNA synthesizer or even a washing ____

Designers understand the need to test their efforts on the people ____ whom they are intended.

Invariably, the tests reveal problems, places where people do not ____ are confused, or, worse, could make serious errors in their use of the device under consideration:

perhaps losing all of their work and, ____ the case of machinery or medical devices, perhaps leading to accidents or serious injuries.

The reason for this early testing is to ____ design flaws before the product is released, allowing the design to be corrected.

In design, especially ____ set of procedures that goes under the general label human-centered design, multiple iterations of the design are constructed and tested.

____ new iteration — that is, each modification of the design — is guided by the results of tests.

It is interesting to note that all inquiries were once ____ part of philosophy, that great mother of the sciences (mater scientiarum), and philosophy embraced them all in an undifferentiated and amorphous fashion.

However, as Western civilisation developed, various sciences began ____ pursue separate and independent courses.

Astronomy and physics were among the first to break away, and were followed thereafter by chemistry, ____ and geology.

In the nineteenth century, two new sciences appeared: psychology (the ____ of human behaviour) and sociology (the science of human society).

Thus, what had once been natural philosophy became the science of physics; what had been mental philosophy, or the philosophy of mind, became the science of psychology; and ____ had once been social philosophy, or the philosophy of history, became the science of sociology.

To the ancient mother, philosophy, still belong several important kinds of enquiries — notably metaphysics, logic, ethics and aesthetics — but the sciences themselves are ____ longer studied as subdivisions of philosophy.

Suppose that people’s ____ rise as they get more money.

When you live in a student dorm, you ____ aspire to have your own apartment, even if small.

When you ____ in a small apartment, you may aspire to live in a bigger one.

When you live in ____ bigger apartment, you may aspire to live in your own property.

And so on: the more you have, the more you expect — ____ maybe the more you think you deserve.

If so, the beneficial happiness effect of getting more ____ will be offset (at least partially) by the harmful effect on happiness of rising aspirations.

Behavioural economists call this phenomenon the aspiration ____

The ____ idea is ancient.

The ____ philosopher Seneca diagnosed the problem some 2,000 years ago.

He wrote: ‘Excessive prosperity does ____ create greed in men, and never are desires so well controlled that they vanish once satisfied.’

Humanity has entered a new era. We are now living in ____ world that is increasingly wired by billions of predictive algorithms, a world in which almost everything can be predicted and risk and uncertainty appear to be diminishing in almost all areas of life.

____ are living longer, thanks to advances in health care and precision medicine.

We have a greater mastery of the physical world that allows us to dream of, and build, new technologies that allow us ____ explore other planets and visualize billions of galaxies.

We can model markets, disease, and traffic with increasingly greater precision, and we’re getting very close to handing over the keys to the car ____ it can drive itself.

Even ____ striking, our tools may be revealing the genesis of some elusive and stubborn complexities of human behavior, and algorithms are even being used to alter people’s behavior.

Predictive algorithms have changed ____ world, and all the worlds to come, and there is no going back.

It is worth noting that the progress in man’s understanding about ____ physical aspects of his environment occurred much earlier in comparison to the social aspects.

The main reason for this discrepancy in the development of man’s understanding of the two distinct environments — the physical and the social — probably lies in the greater observability and ____ of physical phenomena, as well as in the impersonal approach that they afford.

Physical phenomena are usually more concrete than social phenomena ____ hence are more observable.

Samuel Koenig states that in his attempt to observe physical phenomena man was able quite early to develop a measure of detachment, ____ he found it very difficult to do so regarding social phenomena.

In the latter case he found ____ too close to the object of investigation, too involved in it, to achieve the objectivity which is indispensable to all science.

When computers process in time, we typically want ____ to also work in real time.

For example, if you set up a microphone with a reverb effect for a performance, you would like it to work both in time and in ____ time.

However, if you just want to add reverb to a prerecorded song, it does ____ matter when or how fast it happens.

You may probably prefer that the computer does the processing “faster than ____ time.”

If the computer can process a ____ sound file in seven seconds, it is unnecessary to wait three minutes to finish its processing.

You may also happen to have a computationally heavy reverb model that ____ “slower than real time.”

For a producer ____ in a studio, it is not crucial whether a process runs in real time.

For a performer on stage, however, there is no other option than running in ____ mode.

The concert is happening in the “now,” hence the tools used need ____ run both in time and in real time.