2026 수특 영독연 8강 변형문제 (7~12번)

Designers use diagrams, pictures, and simple illustrations to explain their work, whether it is how to turn the power on or off in a machine or how to ____ a DNA synthesizer or even a washing machine.

Designers understand the need to test their efforts on the people for whom they are ____.

Invariably, the tests reveal problems, places where people do not understand, are confused, or, worse, could ____ serious errors in their use of the device under consideration:

perhaps losing all of their ____ and, in the case of machinery or medical devices, perhaps leading to accidents or serious injuries.

The reason for this early testing is to find design flaws before the product is released, allowing the ____ to be corrected.

In design, especially the set of procedures that goes under the general label human-centered design, multiple iterations of the design are constructed and ____.

Each ____ iteration — that is, each modification of the design — is guided by the results of tests.

It is interesting to note that all inquiries were once a part of philosophy, that great mother of the sciences (mater scientiarum), and philosophy embraced them ____ in an undifferentiated and amorphous fashion.

However, as Western civilisation developed, various sciences ____ to pursue separate and independent courses.

Astronomy and ____ were among the first to break away, and were followed thereafter by chemistry, biology and geology.

In the nineteenth century, two new sciences appeared: psychology (the science of human behaviour) and sociology (the science of human ____).

Thus, what ____ once been natural philosophy became the science of physics; what had been mental philosophy, or the philosophy of mind, became the science of psychology; and what had once been social philosophy, or the philosophy of history, became the science of sociology.

To the ancient mother, philosophy, still belong several important kinds of enquiries — notably metaphysics, logic, ethics and aesthetics — but the sciences themselves are no longer studied as subdivisions of ____.

____ that people’s aspirations rise as they get more money.

When you live in a student dorm, ____ may aspire to have your own apartment, even if small.

____ you live in a small apartment, you may aspire to live in a bigger one.

When ____ live in a bigger apartment, you may aspire to live in your own property.

And so on: the more you have, the more you expect — and maybe the more you think ____ deserve.

If so, the ____ happiness effect of getting more money will be offset (at least partially) by the harmful effect on happiness of rising aspirations.

Behavioural economists ____ this phenomenon the aspiration treadmill.

The ____ idea is ancient.

The Stoic philosopher Seneca diagnosed the problem some ____ years ago.

He wrote: ‘Excessive prosperity does indeed create greed in men, and ____ are desires so well controlled that they vanish once satisfied.’

Humanity has entered a new era. We are now living in a world that is increasingly wired by billions of predictive algorithms, a world in which almost everything can be predicted and risk and uncertainty ____ to be diminishing in almost all areas of life.

We are living longer, thanks to advances in health ____ and precision medicine.

We ____ a greater mastery of the physical world that allows us to dream of, and build, new technologies that allow us to explore other planets and visualize billions of galaxies.

We can model markets, disease, and ____ with increasingly greater precision, and we’re getting very close to handing over the keys to the car so it can drive itself.

Even more striking, our ____ may be revealing the genesis of some elusive and stubborn complexities of human behavior, and algorithms are even being used to alter people’s behavior.

Predictive algorithms have changed the world, and all the worlds to ____, and there is no going back.

It is worth noting that the progress in man’s understanding about the physical aspects of his environment occurred much earlier in ____ to the social aspects.

The main ____ for this discrepancy in the development of man’s understanding of the two distinct environments — the physical and the social — probably lies in the greater observability and control of physical phenomena, as well as in the impersonal approach that they afford.

____ phenomena are usually more concrete than social phenomena and hence are more observable.

Samuel Koenig states that in his attempt to observe physical phenomena man was ____ quite early to develop a measure of detachment, but he found it very difficult to do so regarding social phenomena.

In the latter case he found himself too close to the object of investigation, too involved in it, to achieve the ____ which is indispensable to all science.

When computers process in time, we typically want them to also work in ____ time.

For example, if you set up a microphone with a reverb effect for a performance, you would ____ it to work both in time and in real time.

However, if you just want to add reverb to a prerecorded song, it does not matter when or ____ fast it happens.

You may probably prefer that the computer does the processing “faster ____ real time.”

If the computer can process a three-minute sound file in ____ seconds, it is unnecessary to wait three minutes to finish its processing.

You ____ also happen to have a computationally heavy reverb model that runs “slower than real time.”

For a producer working in a studio, it is not crucial ____ a process runs in real time.

For a performer on stage, ____, there is no other option than running in real-time mode.

The concert is happening in the “now,” hence the tools used need to run ____ in time and in real time.