2026 수특 영독연 8강 변형문제 (7~12번)

Designers use diagrams, pictures, and simple illustrations to explain their work, whether ____ is how to turn the power on or off in a machine or how to use a DNA synthesizer or even a washing machine.

Designers understand the need to test their efforts on the ____ for whom they are intended.

Invariably, the tests reveal problems, places where people do not understand, are confused, or, worse, could make serious errors in their use of the ____ under consideration:

perhaps losing ____ of their work and, in the case of machinery or medical devices, perhaps leading to accidents or serious injuries.

The reason for ____ early testing is to find design flaws before the product is released, allowing the design to be corrected.

In design, especially the set of procedures that goes under the ____ label human-centered design, multiple iterations of the design are constructed and tested.

Each new iteration — that is, each modification of the design — is guided by the ____ of tests.

It is interesting to note that all inquiries were once a part of philosophy, that great mother of the sciences (mater scientiarum), and philosophy ____ them all in an undifferentiated and amorphous fashion.

However, as Western ____ developed, various sciences began to pursue separate and independent courses.

Astronomy and physics were among the ____ to break away, and were followed thereafter by chemistry, biology and geology.

In the nineteenth century, two new sciences ____ psychology (the science of human behaviour) and sociology (the science of human society).

Thus, what had once been natural philosophy became the science of physics; what had been mental philosophy, or the philosophy of mind, became the science of psychology; and what had once been ____ philosophy, or the philosophy of history, became the science of sociology.

To the ancient mother, philosophy, still belong several important kinds of enquiries — notably metaphysics, logic, ethics ____ aesthetics — but the sciences themselves are no longer studied as subdivisions of philosophy.

Suppose that people’s aspirations rise as they get more ____

When you live in a student dorm, ____ may aspire to have your own apartment, even if small.

When you live in a small ____ you may aspire to live in a bigger one.

When you live in a bigger apartment, you may ____ to live in your own property.

And so on: the more you have, the more ____ expect — and maybe the more you think you deserve.

If so, the beneficial happiness effect of getting more money will be offset (at least partially) by ____ harmful effect on happiness of rising aspirations.

Behavioural economists call this ____ the aspiration treadmill.

The basic ____ is ancient.

The Stoic philosopher Seneca diagnosed ____ problem some 2,000 years ago.

He wrote: ‘Excessive prosperity does indeed create greed in men, and never are desires so ____ controlled that they vanish once satisfied.’

Humanity has entered a new era. We are now living in a world that ____ increasingly wired by billions of predictive algorithms, a world in which almost everything can be predicted and risk and uncertainty appear to be diminishing in almost all areas of life.

We are living longer, ____ to advances in health care and precision medicine.

We have a ____ mastery of the physical world that allows us to dream of, and build, new technologies that allow us to explore other planets and visualize billions of galaxies.

We can model markets, disease, and traffic with increasingly greater precision, and we’re getting very close to handing over the keys to ____ car so it can drive itself.

Even more striking, our tools may be revealing the genesis of some elusive and stubborn complexities of human behavior, and ____ are even being used to alter people’s behavior.

Predictive algorithms have changed the world, and all the worlds to come, and there is ____ going back.

____ is worth noting that the progress in man’s understanding about the physical aspects of his environment occurred much earlier in comparison to the social aspects.

The main reason for this discrepancy in ____ development of man’s understanding of the two distinct environments — the physical and the social — probably lies in the greater observability and control of physical phenomena, as well as in the impersonal approach that they afford.

Physical phenomena are usually more concrete than social phenomena ____ hence are more observable.

Samuel Koenig states that in his attempt to observe physical phenomena man was able quite early to develop a measure of detachment, but he found it ____ difficult to do so regarding social phenomena.

In the latter case he found himself too close to the object of investigation, too involved in it, ____ achieve the objectivity which is indispensable to all science.

When computers process ____ time, we typically want them to also work in real time.

For example, if you set ____ a microphone with a reverb effect for a performance, you would like it to work both in time and in real time.

However, if you just want to add reverb to a prerecorded song, it does not matter when or how fast it ____

You may probably prefer that the ____ does the processing “faster than real time.”

If the computer can process a three-minute sound file in seven seconds, it is unnecessary to wait three minutes to finish ____ processing.

____ may also happen to have a computationally heavy reverb model that runs “slower than real time.”

For ____ producer working in a studio, it is not crucial whether a process runs in real time.

For a performer on stage, however, there is no other option than running in real-time ____

The concert is happening in ____ “now,” hence the tools used need to run both in time and in real time.