2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment is very close to emotion in meaning, but when social psychologists use the term ____ they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social psychologists used sentiment ____ refer to the components of human responses that separate them from analogous responses that animals would have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and ____ Although lust is instinctive, we learn what love is through social interaction.
In other words, sentiment relies not just on the responses of the individual to the stimulus but also on ____ other human beings understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come to increasingly accept that social elements are a key piece of emotions, the idea of sentiment has become less ____ from that of emotion.
In contemporary work, social psychologists often use the term sentiment to distinguish immediate emotional responses from longer-term emotional states such as love, grief, ____ jealousy.
These sentiments can ____ for days, weeks, and even years after the initial event that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a long and involved process, and is an unlikely outcome for the vast ____ of individuals.
____ most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as a fossil is that it must become entombed within rock, usually by burial.
There are many chances that ____ prevent this happening.
If a mollusc with two shells has the misfortune to be ____ by a predator, then the soft parts will be eaten.
The predator will probably have to break at least one of the shells to gain access ____ the flesh, so it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
Even if they do, the ____ shells may become separated.
On the other hand, if the organism dies ____ natural death, although the soft parts of the body will almost certainly rot away, neither shell is likely to be damaged.
The shells are held ____ at the hinge by fibrous tissues, which are among the last to rot, so there is a reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until they become buried.
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
Sometimes, a monkey grooms ____ monkey and gets nothing in return.
Sometimes an ape courts a mate and gets completely ____
Cortisol prompts ____ mammal to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be hard for the mammal to predict where to invest its energy.
This is why we often fall back on the neural superhighways we ____ in youth.
Your electricity flows effortlessly down the pathways built by behaviors that were reliably rewarded in ____ past.
Maybe it was scoring a touchdown, or joining friends to watch your favorite ____ score.
Of course, carrying a ball across a line does not meet ____ survival needs, but dopamine surges when you expect a social reward.
Each brain ____ social rewards from its own life experience.
Maybe you lived in ____ world where social rewards went to someone who cooked a big meal or solved a big equation or found a bar open after hours.
There are limitless ways to get social rewards, but ____ ones we observe and enjoy in youth build expectations that last.
Just as repeated social ____ can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced in their youth, the brain relies on past experiences and neural pathways to predict and seek out rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
To determine whether a person ____ lying, we tend to rely heavily on intuition.
____ we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions — signs that may be too subtle for us to consciously recognize but that can still evoke a strong gut feeling.
The problem is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear feedback on whether our judgments are correct we don’t know if we’re erring on the side of ____ or of distrustfulness.
This means we’re unable to improve ____ time.
Though many people believe they’re quite good at ____ truths from lies, almost no one in the general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of other groups that encounter more frequent and serious lies than ordinary people ____ no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not ____ and every kind of suffering warranted pity.
No one was supposed to feel pity for captured, ____ and killed enemies.
Neither slaves ____ Christian martyrs deserved pity.
Later on, religious communities that preached the gospel of brotherly love and love of neighbor found no difficulty in denying it to those who did ____ belong and believe.
This attitude only started to ____ during the 18th century.
Playwrights ____ the Aristotelian concept of catharsis discovered pity as the most natural and most moral human faculty that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers who sought a moral foundation for ____ civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love and egoism.
Novelists were ____ to devise plots and stories that would elicit the readers’ pity, inspiring them to become sensitive and sensible citizens.
At the ____ time, hundreds of thousands of European and North American men and women campaigned for the ending of slavery and the liberation of slaves.
____ by an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love for those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in an unprecedented — and ultimately successful — struggle against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.