2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment ____ very close to emotion in meaning, but when social psychologists use the term sentiment, they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social psychologists used sentiment to refer ____ the components of human responses that separate them from analogous responses that animals would have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and lust. Although lust is ____ we learn what love is through social interaction.
In other ____ sentiment relies not just on the responses of the individual to the stimulus but also on how other human beings understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come to increasingly accept that social elements are a key piece of emotions, the idea of sentiment has become less distinguishable from that of ____
In contemporary work, social psychologists often use the term sentiment to distinguish immediate emotional ____ from longer-term emotional states such as love, grief, and jealousy.
These sentiments can endure for days, weeks, and even years after the ____ event that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a long and involved process, and is an unlikely outcome for the vast ____ of individuals.
The most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as a fossil is that it must become entombed within rock, usually ____ burial.
There are many ____ that can prevent this happening.
If a mollusc with two shells has the misfortune to be killed by a predator, then the ____ parts will be eaten.
____ predator will probably have to break at least one of the shells to gain access to the flesh, so it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
Even if they ____ the two shells may become separated.
On the other hand, if the organism dies a natural death, although the soft parts of the body will almost certainly rot ____ neither shell is likely to be damaged.
The shells are held together at the hinge by fibrous tissues, which are among the ____ to rot, so there is a reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until they become buried.
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
Sometimes, a monkey grooms another monkey and gets nothing ____ return.
Sometimes an ape ____ a mate and gets completely ignored.
Cortisol prompts a mammal to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be hard for the mammal to ____ where to invest its energy.
This is why we often ____ back on the neural superhighways we myelinated in youth.
____ electricity flows effortlessly down the pathways built by behaviors that were reliably rewarded in your past.
Maybe ____ was scoring a touchdown, or joining friends to watch your favorite quarterback score.
Of course, carrying a ball across a line does not meet real survival needs, but dopamine surges when ____ expect a social reward.
Each brain predicts social rewards from ____ own life experience.
Maybe ____ lived in a world where social rewards went to someone who cooked a big meal or solved a big equation or found a bar open after hours.
There are limitless ways to get social rewards, but the ones we ____ and enjoy in youth build expectations that last.
Just as repeated social disappointments can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced in their youth, the brain relies on past experiences and neural pathways to predict and seek ____ rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
To determine whether a person is lying, we ____ to rely heavily on intuition.
Unless we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions — signs that may be too subtle for us to consciously ____ but that can still evoke a strong gut feeling.
The problem is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear feedback on whether our judgments are correct we don’t know ____ we’re erring on the side of gullibility or of distrustfulness.
This means we’re unable to ____ over time.
Though many people believe they’re ____ good at distinguishing truths from lies, almost no one in the general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of other groups that encounter more frequent and serious lies than ordinary ____ perform no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not each and every kind of suffering warranted ____
No ____ was supposed to feel pity for captured, tortured, and killed enemies.
Neither slaves nor Christian ____ deserved pity.
Later on, religious communities that preached the ____ of brotherly love and love of neighbor found no difficulty in denying it to those who did not belong and believe.
This attitude ____ started to change during the 18th century.
Playwrights reviving the Aristotelian concept of catharsis discovered pity as the most ____ and most moral human faculty that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers who sought a moral foundation for modern civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love ____ egoism.
Novelists were eager to devise plots ____ stories that would elicit the readers’ pity, inspiring them to become sensitive and sensible citizens.
At the same time, hundreds of thousands of European and ____ American men and women campaigned for the ending of slavery and the liberation of slaves.
Fueled by an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love for those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in an unprecedented — and ultimately ____ — struggle against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.