2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment is very ____ to emotion in meaning, but when social psychologists use the term sentiment, they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social ____ used sentiment to refer to the components of human responses that separate them from analogous responses that animals would have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and lust. Although lust is ____ we learn what love is through social interaction.
In other ____ sentiment relies not just on the responses of the individual to the stimulus but also on how other human beings understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come to increasingly accept that social elements are a key piece of emotions, the idea of sentiment has become less distinguishable ____ that of emotion.
In contemporary work, social psychologists often use the term sentiment to distinguish immediate emotional responses from longer-term emotional states such as ____ grief, and jealousy.
These sentiments can endure ____ days, weeks, and even years after the initial event that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a long and ____ process, and is an unlikely outcome for the vast majority of individuals.
The most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as a fossil is that ____ must become entombed within rock, usually by burial.
There are many chances that can prevent this ____
If a ____ with two shells has the misfortune to be killed by a predator, then the soft parts will be eaten.
The predator will probably have to break at least one of the shells to gain access to the flesh, ____ it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
Even ____ they do, the two shells may become separated.
On the other hand, if the organism dies a natural death, although the soft parts of the body will almost certainly rot ____ neither shell is likely to be damaged.
The shells are held together at the hinge by fibrous tissues, which are among the last to rot, so there is a reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until they become ____
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
Sometimes, a monkey grooms another ____ and gets nothing in return.
Sometimes an ape ____ a mate and gets completely ignored.
Cortisol prompts a mammal to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be hard ____ the mammal to predict where to invest its energy.
This is why ____ often fall back on the neural superhighways we myelinated in youth.
Your electricity flows effortlessly down the pathways built ____ behaviors that were reliably rewarded in your past.
Maybe it ____ scoring a touchdown, or joining friends to watch your favorite quarterback score.
Of course, carrying ____ ball across a line does not meet real survival needs, but dopamine surges when you expect a social reward.
Each brain predicts social rewards from its ____ life experience.
Maybe you lived in a world where ____ rewards went to someone who cooked a big meal or solved a big equation or found a bar open after hours.
There are limitless ways to get social rewards, but the ____ we observe and enjoy in youth build expectations that last.
Just as repeated social disappointments can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced in their youth, the brain relies on past experiences and neural pathways to ____ and seek out rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
To determine whether a person is lying, we tend to rely ____ on intuition.
Unless we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions — signs that may be too subtle for us to consciously recognize but that ____ still evoke a strong gut feeling.
The problem is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear feedback on whether our judgments are correct we don’t know if we’re erring on the side of gullibility or of ____
This means we’re unable to ____ over time.
Though many people believe they’re quite good at distinguishing truths from lies, almost no one ____ the general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of other groups that encounter more frequent ____ serious lies than ordinary people perform no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not each and every kind of ____ warranted pity.
No one ____ supposed to feel pity for captured, tortured, and killed enemies.
Neither ____ nor Christian martyrs deserved pity.
Later on, religious communities that preached the gospel of brotherly love and love of ____ found no difficulty in denying it to those who did not belong and believe.
This attitude only started to change ____ the 18th century.
Playwrights reviving the Aristotelian concept of catharsis discovered pity ____ the most natural and most moral human faculty that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers who sought a moral foundation for ____ civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love and egoism.
Novelists were eager to devise plots and stories that would elicit the readers’ pity, inspiring them to become sensitive and sensible ____
At the same time, hundreds of thousands of European ____ North American men and women campaigned for the ending of slavery and the liberation of slaves.
Fueled by an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love for those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in ____ unprecedented — and ultimately successful — struggle against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.