2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment ____ very close to emotion in meaning, but when social psychologists use the term sentiment, they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social psychologists ____ sentiment to refer to the components of human responses that separate them from analogous responses that animals would have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and lust. Although lust is ____ we learn what love is through social interaction.
In other words, sentiment relies not just on the responses of the individual to the stimulus but also on how other human ____ understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come to increasingly accept that social elements are a key piece of ____ the idea of sentiment has become less distinguishable from that of emotion.
In contemporary work, social psychologists often use the term sentiment to distinguish immediate emotional responses from ____ emotional states such as love, grief, and jealousy.
These ____ can endure for days, weeks, and even years after the initial event that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a ____ and involved process, and is an unlikely outcome for the vast majority of individuals.
The most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as ____ fossil is that it must become entombed within rock, usually by burial.
There are many chances ____ can prevent this happening.
If a mollusc with ____ shells has the misfortune to be killed by a predator, then the soft parts will be eaten.
The predator will probably have ____ break at least one of the shells to gain access to the flesh, so it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
____ if they do, the two shells may become separated.
On the other hand, if the organism dies a natural death, although the ____ parts of the body will almost certainly rot away, neither shell is likely to be damaged.
The shells are held together at the hinge by fibrous tissues, which are among the last to rot, so there is ____ reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until they become buried.
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
____ a monkey grooms another monkey and gets nothing in return.
____ an ape courts a mate and gets completely ignored.
Cortisol prompts a ____ to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be hard for the mammal to predict where to invest its energy.
This is why we often fall back on the neural superhighways we ____ in youth.
____ electricity flows effortlessly down the pathways built by behaviors that were reliably rewarded in your past.
Maybe it was scoring ____ touchdown, or joining friends to watch your favorite quarterback score.
Of course, carrying a ball across a line does ____ meet real survival needs, but dopamine surges when you expect a social reward.
Each brain predicts social rewards from ____ own life experience.
Maybe you lived in a world where social rewards went to someone who cooked a big meal or solved a big equation or found a bar ____ after hours.
There are limitless ways to get social rewards, but the ones we observe and enjoy in youth build ____ that last.
Just as repeated social disappointments can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced ____ their youth, the brain relies on past experiences and neural pathways to predict and seek out rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
To determine whether a person is lying, we tend to rely heavily on ____
Unless we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions ____ signs that may be too subtle for us to consciously recognize but that can still evoke a strong gut feeling.
The problem is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear feedback on ____ our judgments are correct we don’t know if we’re erring on the side of gullibility or of distrustfulness.
This means we’re ____ to improve over time.
Though many people believe they’re quite good ____ distinguishing truths from lies, almost no one in the general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of other groups ____ encounter more frequent and serious lies than ordinary people perform no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not each ____ every kind of suffering warranted pity.
No one ____ supposed to feel pity for captured, tortured, and killed enemies.
Neither slaves nor Christian martyrs deserved ____
Later on, religious communities that preached the gospel of brotherly love ____ love of neighbor found no difficulty in denying it to those who did not belong and believe.
This attitude ____ started to change during the 18th century.
Playwrights reviving the Aristotelian ____ of catharsis discovered pity as the most natural and most moral human faculty that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers ____ sought a moral foundation for modern civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love and egoism.
Novelists were eager to devise plots and stories that would elicit the readers’ pity, inspiring them to become sensitive ____ sensible citizens.
At the same time, hundreds of thousands of European ____ North American men and women campaigned for the ending of slavery and the liberation of slaves.
Fueled by an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love ____ those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in an unprecedented — and ultimately successful — struggle against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.