2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment is very close ____ emotion in meaning, but when social psychologists use the term sentiment, they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social psychologists used sentiment to refer to the components of human responses that separate them from ____ responses that animals would have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and lust. Although lust is instinctive, we learn what ____ is through social interaction.
In other ____ sentiment relies not just on the responses of the individual to the stimulus but also on how other human beings understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come to increasingly accept that social elements are a key piece of ____ the idea of sentiment has become less distinguishable from that of emotion.
In contemporary work, social psychologists often use the term sentiment to ____ immediate emotional responses from longer-term emotional states such as love, grief, and jealousy.
____ sentiments can endure for days, weeks, and even years after the initial event that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a long and involved process, and is an unlikely outcome for the vast majority of ____
The most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as a ____ is that it must become entombed within rock, usually by burial.
____ are many chances that can prevent this happening.
If a mollusc with two shells has the misfortune to be killed by a predator, then ____ soft parts will be eaten.
The predator will probably ____ to break at least one of the shells to gain access to the flesh, so it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
Even ____ they do, the two shells may become separated.
On the other hand, if the organism dies a natural death, although the ____ parts of the body will almost certainly rot away, neither shell is likely to be damaged.
The shells are held together at the hinge by ____ tissues, which are among the last to rot, so there is a reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until they become buried.
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
Sometimes, a monkey grooms another ____ and gets nothing in return.
Sometimes ____ ape courts a mate and gets completely ignored.
Cortisol prompts ____ mammal to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be hard for the mammal to predict where to invest its energy.
This is why ____ often fall back on the neural superhighways we myelinated in youth.
Your electricity flows ____ down the pathways built by behaviors that were reliably rewarded in your past.
Maybe it was scoring a touchdown, or ____ friends to watch your favorite quarterback score.
Of course, carrying a ball across a line does not meet real survival needs, but dopamine surges when you expect a social ____
Each ____ predicts social rewards from its own life experience.
Maybe you lived in a world ____ social rewards went to someone who cooked a big meal or solved a big equation or found a bar open after hours.
There are limitless ways to get social rewards, but the ones we observe and enjoy in youth build ____ that last.
Just as repeated social disappointments can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced in their youth, the brain relies on past experiences and neural pathways to predict and seek ____ rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
To determine whether a person is lying, we tend ____ rely heavily on intuition.
Unless we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions — signs that may be too subtle for us to consciously recognize but that can ____ evoke a strong gut feeling.
The problem is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear feedback on whether our judgments are correct we don’t know if we’re erring on the side of ____ or of distrustfulness.
This means we’re unable to ____ over time.
Though many people believe they’re quite good at distinguishing truths from lies, almost no one in ____ general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of other groups that encounter more frequent and ____ lies than ordinary people perform no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not ____ and every kind of suffering warranted pity.
No one ____ supposed to feel pity for captured, tortured, and killed enemies.
Neither slaves ____ Christian martyrs deserved pity.
Later on, religious communities that preached the gospel of brotherly love and love of neighbor found no difficulty ____ denying it to those who did not belong and believe.
This attitude only started to change during the ____ century.
Playwrights reviving the Aristotelian concept of ____ discovered pity as the most natural and most moral human faculty that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers who sought ____ moral foundation for modern civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love and egoism.
Novelists were eager to devise plots ____ stories that would elicit the readers’ pity, inspiring them to become sensitive and sensible citizens.
At the same time, hundreds of thousands of European and North American men and women campaigned for the ending of ____ and the liberation of slaves.
Fueled by an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love for those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in an unprecedented — and ultimately successful ____ struggle against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.