2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment is very close to emotion in meaning, but when social ____ use the term sentiment, they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social psychologists used sentiment to refer to the components of human responses that separate them from analogous responses that animals ____ have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and lust. ____ lust is instinctive, we learn what love is through social interaction.
In ____ words, sentiment relies not just on the responses of the individual to the stimulus but also on how other human beings understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come to ____ accept that social elements are a key piece of emotions, the idea of sentiment has become less distinguishable from that of emotion.
In contemporary work, social psychologists often use the term sentiment to distinguish immediate emotional responses from longer-term ____ states such as love, grief, and jealousy.
These sentiments can endure for days, weeks, and even years after the initial ____ that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a long and ____ process, and is an unlikely outcome for the vast majority of individuals.
The most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as a fossil is that it ____ become entombed within rock, usually by burial.
There are many chances that can prevent this ____.
If a mollusc with ____ shells has the misfortune to be killed by a predator, then the soft parts will be eaten.
The predator will probably have to break at least one of the shells to gain access to the ____, so it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
____ if they do, the two shells may become separated.
On the other ____, if the organism dies a natural death, although the soft parts of the body will almost certainly rot away, neither shell is likely to be damaged.
The shells are held together at the hinge by fibrous tissues, which are among the last to ____, so there is a reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until they become buried.
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
____, a monkey grooms another monkey and gets nothing in return.
Sometimes an ape courts a mate and ____ completely ignored.
Cortisol prompts a mammal to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be ____ for the mammal to predict where to invest its energy.
This is why we often fall back on the neural ____ we myelinated in youth.
Your electricity flows effortlessly ____ the pathways built by behaviors that were reliably rewarded in your past.
Maybe it was scoring a ____, or joining friends to watch your favorite quarterback score.
Of course, carrying a ball across a line does not meet real survival ____, but dopamine surges when you expect a social reward.
Each ____ predicts social rewards from its own life experience.
Maybe you lived in a world where social rewards ____ to someone who cooked a big meal or solved a big equation or found a bar open after hours.
There are limitless ways to get social rewards, but the ones we observe and enjoy in youth build expectations that ____.
Just as repeated social disappointments can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced in their youth, the brain relies on past experiences and neural pathways to predict and seek ____ rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
To determine whether a ____ is lying, we tend to rely heavily on intuition.
Unless we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions — signs that may be too ____ for us to consciously recognize but that can still evoke a strong gut feeling.
The problem is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear ____ on whether our judgments are correct we don’t know if we’re erring on the side of gullibility or of distrustfulness.
This means we’re ____ to improve over time.
Though many people believe they’re quite good at distinguishing truths ____ lies, almost no one in the general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of other groups that encounter more frequent and ____ lies than ordinary people perform no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not each and every kind of suffering ____ pity.
No one was ____ to feel pity for captured, tortured, and killed enemies.
____ slaves nor Christian martyrs deserved pity.
Later on, religious communities that preached the gospel of brotherly love and love of neighbor found no difficulty in ____ it to those who did not belong and believe.
This attitude only started to ____ during the 18th century.
Playwrights reviving the Aristotelian concept of catharsis discovered pity as the most natural and most moral human ____ that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers who sought a ____ foundation for modern civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love and egoism.
Novelists were eager to devise ____ and stories that would elicit the readers’ pity, inspiring them to become sensitive and sensible citizens.
At the same ____, hundreds of thousands of European and North American men and women campaigned for the ending of slavery and the liberation of slaves.
Fueled by an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love for those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in an unprecedented — and ultimately successful — ____ against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.