Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are two classic problems that give us mathematically ____ ways to evaluate coincidences.
One is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better than even that ____ people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which asks: if given a ____ enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and the law ____ truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
This last law, ____ law of truly large numbers, is a philosophical adage.
In a nutshell, it tells ____ that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, no matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
____ not a theorem that can be proven.
After all, I used the phrase "bound ____ happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase can be.
But it gives a sense ____ just how common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on visual ____ images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined objects.
The first image scanning ____ was designed to investigate the spatial properties of images.
In the original experiment, participants memorized drawings of elongated objects (such as ____ tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus at one of its ends (for example, the bottom of ____ tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the object (e.g., ____ flag), and they had to look for it.
Participants were not instructed to scan their ____ but were simply told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
____ pressed one button when they had focused on the named part, and another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response ____ increased linearly with increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding ____ taken as evidence that distance, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social ____ transformation into an e-commerce platform is a significant milestone that enabled it to become a platform for organizations.
Social media was initially and mainly used for ____ with friends and family.
But with the popularity of some platforms, social ____ has turned into a vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to promote their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping option for ____
Influencer marketing is another way that social media has evolved into a ____ for businesses.
Influencers are those users who have a sizable social media following and are recognized ____ authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more likely to trust suggestions from ____ they follow on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often ____ after they have started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and ____ team are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop ____ and your mind goes into high gear.
____ start thinking of ways to convince your manager not to let that happen.
____ think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you prepare to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
You fear your career is starting a downward ____
Meanwhile, your ____ has continued talking, laying out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are going to ____ moved to ..."
When you prepare your response as the ____ person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other person is sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying should be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather ____ maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for ____ uncertainty about whether the brand will work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' ____ of risk, followed by developing and presenting the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example ____ an industry appreciating perceived risk is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company marketing a new ____ suitable for children needs to consider the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, ____ that specialist endorsement of the brand would reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was ____ how bees computed the distance to their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is actually ____ distance by measuring the amount of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You take a paper towel tube, split it open, and paint a bunch of ____ trees all along the inside.
____ you tape it back up and put the tube at the door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through ____ entire forest.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is nectar a ____ forest away.
This was confirmed by ____ the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the dance of the tricked bee and went on to overshoot the location by a mile.
So the bee is really just a simple little ____ driven by cunning algorithms.