Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
____ are two classic problems that give us mathematically proper ways to evaluate coincidences.
One is a ____ poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better than even that two people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which ____ if given a large enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of ____ variables, and the law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
____ last law, the law of truly large numbers, is a philosophical adage.
In a nutshell, it tells us that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, ____ matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
It's not a theorem that can ____ proven.
After all, I used ____ phrase "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase can be.
But it gives a sense of ____ how common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The ____ "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined objects.
The first image scanning ____ was designed to investigate the spatial properties of images.
In the original experiment, participants memorized drawings of elongated objects (such as ____ tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus ____ one of its ends (for example, the bottom of the tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the object (e.g., a flag), and they had ____ look for it.
Participants were not instructed to scan their image, but were simply told to focus ____ the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one button when they had focused on ____ named part, and another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response times increased linearly ____ increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
____ finding was taken as evidence that distance, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is a significant milestone that enabled it to become a platform for ____
Social media was initially and mainly used ____ communication with friends and family.
But with the popularity of ____ platforms, social media has turned into a vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to promote their products ____ offerings as well as provide a direct shopping option for buyers.
Influencer marketing is another way that ____ media has evolved into a platform for businesses.
____ are those users who have a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more likely to trust suggestions from people they follow on social ____
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we ____ preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately after they have started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who tells you that ____ reorganization is coming soon, and you and your team are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop listening, and your mind ____ into high gear.
You start thinking of ways to convince your manager not to let that ____
You think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you ____ to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
You fear your career is starting ____ downward spiral.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued talking, laying out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good ____ for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, ____ you missed everything beyond "you are going to be moved to ..."
When you prepare ____ response as the other person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other person is sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying should be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt ____ reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether the brand will work, whether ____ will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
____ brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by developing and presenting the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an industry appreciating perceived risk is ____ pharmaceutical industry.
A company marketing a new drug suitable for children ____ to consider the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand ____ reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated how bees computed the distance ____ their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is actually approximating distance by measuring the amount ____ visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You take a paper towel tube, split it open, ____ paint a bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
____ you tape it back up and put the tube at the door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists ____ that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through an entire forest.
If the ____ put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs ____ the bees that saw the dance of the tricked bee and went on to overshoot the location by a mile.
So the bee is really just a simple little robot ____ by cunning algorithms.