Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are two classic ____ that give us mathematically proper ways to evaluate coincidences.
One is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better than even that two ____ in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which asks: if given a large enough amount of time, could ____ monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory ____ hidden variables, and the law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
This last law, the law ____ truly large numbers, is a philosophical adage.
In a nutshell, it tells us that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, no matter how small, it's bound to happen ____ some time.
____ not a theorem that can be proven.
After all, I used the phrase "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase ____ be.
But it gives a sense of just ____ common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or ____ attention across imagined objects.
The first image scanning paradigm was designed to investigate the spatial properties ____ images.
In the original experiment, participants memorized drawings of elongated objects (such as a ____
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus at one of its ends (for example, the bottom ____ the tower).
Lastly, participants heard ____ name of a feature on the object (e.g., a flag), and they had to look for it.
Participants were not ____ to scan their image, but were simply told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one button when they had focused on the named part, and ____ button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response times increased linearly with increasing distances from ____ focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was taken as ____ that distance, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is a significant milestone that ____ it to become a platform for organizations.
Social media was initially and mainly ____ for communication with friends and family.
But with ____ popularity of some platforms, social media has turned into a vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to promote their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping ____ for buyers.
Influencer marketing is another way that social media has evolved into ____ platform for businesses.
Influencers are those users who ____ a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more ____ to trust suggestions from people they follow on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to ____ the other person has just said, often immediately after they have started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you ____ your team are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop ____ and your mind goes into high gear.
You start thinking of ways to ____ your manager not to let that happen.
You think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you prepare to tell ____ manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
You fear your career is starting a ____ spiral.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued talking, laying out the rationale ____ the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are going to ____ moved to ..."
When you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing ____ on hearing what the other person is sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying should be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather ____ maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether the brand will work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree ____ their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by developing and ____ the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an industry appreciating ____ risk is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company marketing a new drug suitable for children needs to ____ the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, so that ____ endorsement of the brand would reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated how bees computed the distance to their nectar, but ____ have now figured it out.
The bee is actually ____ distance by measuring the amount of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You take ____ paper towel tube, split it open, and paint a bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and put the tube ____ the door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, ____ its point of view, it just flew through an entire forest.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the end of ____ tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the ____ of the tricked bee and went on to overshoot the location by a mile.
So ____ bee is really just a simple little robot driven by cunning algorithms.