Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are ____ classic problems that give us mathematically proper ways to evaluate coincidences.
____ is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better than even that two people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which asks: if given a large enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer ____, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and the law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen ____ more frequently than we expect.
This last law, the law of truly large numbers, is a ____ adage.
In a ____, it tells us that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, no matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
It's ____ a theorem that can be proven.
After all, I used the phrase "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase ____ be.
But it gives a sense of ____ how common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive ____ that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined objects.
The first image scanning paradigm was designed to investigate the spatial ____ of images.
In the original experiment, participants ____ drawings of elongated objects (such as a tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the ____ and to focus at one of its ends (for example, the bottom of the tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the object (e.g., a flag), and they had to ____ for it.
Participants were not instructed to scan their image, but were simply told to focus on the original ____ until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one ____ when they had focused on the named part, and another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response times ____ linearly with increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was ____ as evidence that distance, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is a significant milestone that enabled it to become a ____ for organizations.
Social media was initially and mainly used for communication with friends and ____.
But with the popularity of some platforms, social media has turned into a vital tool for ____ seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by ____ to promote their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping option for buyers.
Influencer marketing is ____ way that social media has evolved into a platform for businesses.
Influencers are those users ____ have a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more likely to trust suggestions from people they follow on social ____.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately after they have ____ speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who ____ you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and your team are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop listening, and your mind ____ into high gear.
You ____ thinking of ways to convince your manager not to let that happen.
You think of ____ much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you prepare to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
You fear your career is starting a downward ____.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued talking, ____ out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are ____ to be moved to ..."
____ you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other person is sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying ____ be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about ____ the brand will work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' perceptions of risk, ____ by developing and presenting the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an ____ appreciating perceived risk is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company ____ a new drug suitable for children needs to consider the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric ____, providing clinical data and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand would reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated how bees computed the ____ to their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is ____ approximating distance by measuring the amount of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You take a paper towel tube, ____ it open, and paint a bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and ____ the tube at the door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
____ scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through an entire forest.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go ____ and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the dance of the tricked bee and went on to overshoot the ____ by a mile.
So the bee is really ____ a simple little robot driven by cunning algorithms.