Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are two classic problems that give us mathematically proper ways to evaluate ____.
One is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are ____ than even that two people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the ____ problem, which asks: if given a large enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and the law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable ____ of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
This last law, the law of truly large numbers, is a philosophical ____.
In a nutshell, it tells us that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, no matter how small, it's ____ to happen at some time.
It's ____ a theorem that can be proven.
After all, I used the ____ "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase can be.
But it gives a sense of just how common ____ are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on ____ mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined objects.
The first image scanning paradigm was designed to investigate the ____ properties of images.
In the original experiment, ____ memorized drawings of elongated objects (such as a tower).
They were then asked to visualize ____ of the objects and to focus at one of its ends (for example, the bottom of the tower).
Lastly, participants ____ the name of a feature on the object (e.g., a flag), and they had to look for it.
Participants were not instructed to scan their image, but were ____ told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one ____ when they had focused on the named part, and another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that ____ times increased linearly with increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was taken as evidence that ____, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is a significant milestone that enabled it to ____ a platform for organizations.
Social media was ____ and mainly used for communication with friends and family.
But with the popularity of some platforms, ____ media has turned into a vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to ____ their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping option for buyers.
Influencer marketing is another way that social media has evolved into a ____ for businesses.
____ are those users who have a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are ____ likely to trust suggestions from people they follow on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop ____ is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately after they have started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, ____ tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and your team are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop listening, and your mind goes ____ high gear.
You start thinking of ways to ____ your manager not to let that happen.
You think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you prepare to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new ____.
You fear your career is starting a downward ____.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued talking, laying ____ the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you ____ listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are going to be moved to ..."
When you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing ____ on hearing what the other person is sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying should be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a ____ decision rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether the brand ____ work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with ____ buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by developing and presenting the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an industry appreciating perceived risk is the pharmaceutical ____.
A company marketing a new drug suitable for children needs to consider the parent's concerns ____ risk.
One company ____ such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand would reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated how bees computed the ____ to their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is actually approximating ____ by measuring the amount of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You ____ a paper towel tube, split it open, and paint a bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and put the tube at the door of the ____ so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its ____ of view, it just flew through an entire forest.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is ____ a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then ____ tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the dance of the tricked bee and went on to overshoot the location by a mile.
So the bee is really just a simple little robot ____ by cunning algorithms.