Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There ____ two classic problems that give us mathematically proper ways to evaluate coincidences.
One is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better ____ even that two people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which asks: if given a large ____ amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with ____ law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and the law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
This last law, the law of truly large numbers, is a philosophical ____
In a ____ it tells us that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, no matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
____ not a theorem that can be proven.
After all, I used the phrase "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase can ____
But it gives a sense of just ____ common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined ____
The first image scanning paradigm was designed to investigate the spatial ____ of images.
In the original experiment, participants memorized ____ of elongated objects (such as a tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus ____ one of its ends (for example, the bottom of the tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the ____ (e.g., a flag), and they had to look for it.
Participants were not instructed ____ scan their image, but were simply told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one button when they had ____ on the named part, and another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response times ____ linearly with increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was taken as evidence ____ distance, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform ____ a significant milestone that enabled it to become a platform for organizations.
Social media was initially ____ mainly used for communication with friends and family.
But with the popularity of some platforms, social media has turned into ____ vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to promote their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping ____ for buyers.
Influencer marketing is another ____ that social media has evolved into a platform for businesses.
Influencers are those users who have a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or thought ____ in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more likely to trust suggestions from people they ____ on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately ____ they have started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and your team are going to be moved under a lower-level ____
As soon as you hear that news, you stop listening, and your mind goes into ____ gear.
You start thinking of ways to ____ your manager not to let that happen.
You think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you ____ to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
You fear your career is starting ____ downward spiral.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued talking, laying out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this ____ a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, ____ stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are going to be moved to ..."
When you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other ____ is sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying should be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase ____ rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether ____ brand will work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by ____ and presenting the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an industry appreciating perceived ____ is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company marketing a new drug suitable for children needs to consider the parent's concerns about ____
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand would reassure parents and help to minimise their ____ of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated how ____ computed the distance to their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is actually approximating distance by measuring the amount of visual ____ it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You take a paper towel tube, split it open, and paint ____ bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and put the tube at the door of the hive so that ____ bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ____ inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through an entire forest.
If the ____ put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the ____ that saw the dance of the tricked bee and went on to overshoot the location by a mile.
____ the bee is really just a simple little robot driven by cunning algorithms.