Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are two classic problems ____ give us mathematically proper ways to evaluate coincidences.
One is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better than even that two people in the group will have the same ____
The other ____ the monkey problem, which asks: if given a large enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and ____ law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
This last law, the law of truly ____ numbers, is a philosophical adage.
In a nutshell, it tells us that if there is ____ likelihood that something could happen, no matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
It's not a theorem that can ____ proven.
After all, I used the ____ "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any phrase can be.
But it gives a ____ of just how common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive ____ that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined objects.
The first image scanning paradigm was designed ____ investigate the spatial properties of images.
In the original experiment, participants memorized drawings of elongated ____ (such as a tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus at ____ of its ends (for example, the bottom of the tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the object (e.g., a ____ and they had to look for it.
Participants ____ not instructed to scan their image, but were simply told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one button when they had focused on the named ____ and another button if they failed to find it.
____ critical finding was that response times increased linearly with increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was taken as evidence that distance, as traversed by image scanning, ____ genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is a ____ milestone that enabled it to become a platform for organizations.
Social media was initially and mainly used for ____ with friends and family.
____ with the popularity of some platforms, social media has turned into a vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to promote ____ products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping option for buyers.
Influencer marketing is another way that social media ____ evolved into a platform for businesses.
Influencers are those users who have a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or ____ leaders in their specialized field.
____ marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more likely to trust suggestions from people they follow on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
____ way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately after they have started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and your team are going to be moved ____ a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop listening, and ____ mind goes into high gear.
You start thinking of ways to convince your manager not ____ let that happen.
You think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you prepare to ____ your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
You fear your career is starting a ____ spiral.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued talking, laying out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your ____
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are ____ to be moved to ..."
When you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other person ____ sharing with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying should be regarded as a process whereby ____ attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether the brand will work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their ____ group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by developing and presenting the ____ in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an industry ____ perceived risk is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company marketing a new ____ suitable for children needs to consider the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical ____ and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand would reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated how bees computed the distance to their nectar, but we have now figured ____ out.
The bee is actually approximating distance by measuring the ____ of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this ____ You take a paper towel tube, split it open, and paint a bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and put the tube at ____ door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through ____ entire forest.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches ____ it, but go back and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the dance of the tricked ____ and went on to overshoot the location by a mile.
So the bee is really just a ____ little robot driven by cunning algorithms.