Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are two classic problems that ____ us mathematically proper ways to evaluate coincidences.
One is ____ counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of twenty-three people the odds are better than even that two people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which asks: if given a large enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a ____ keyboard, write the first line of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and the law of ____ large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more frequently than we expect.
This last law, the law of truly ____ numbers, is a philosophical adage.
In a nutshell, it tells us that if there is any likelihood that something could happen, ____ matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
It's not a ____ that can be proven.
After all, I used the phrase "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as ____ phrase can be.
But it gives a sense of just how common coincidences ____
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The phrase "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined ____
The first image scanning paradigm ____ designed to investigate the spatial properties of images.
In the original experiment, participants memorized drawings ____ elongated objects (such as a tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus at one of its ends (for example, the ____ of the tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the object (e.g., a flag), and ____ had to look for it.
Participants were not instructed to scan their image, ____ were simply told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one button when they had focused on the named part, ____ another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response ____ increased linearly with increasing distances from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was taken as evidence that distance, as traversed by image scanning, is ____ represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is ____ significant milestone that enabled it to become a platform for organizations.
Social media was initially and mainly used for communication with ____ and family.
But with the popularity of ____ platforms, social media has turned into a vital tool for businesses seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is now used by businesses to promote their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping ____ for buyers.
Influencer marketing ____ another way that social media has evolved into a platform for businesses.
Influencers are those ____ who have a sizable social media following and are recognized as authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' followers, who are more likely to trust suggestions from people ____ follow on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately after they ____ started speaking.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, ____ tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and your team are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As soon as you hear that news, you stop listening, and ____ mind goes into high gear.
You start thinking of ways to convince your manager not to let ____ happen.
You think of how much you don't like the manager you are about to ____ moved under, and you prepare to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
____ fear your career is starting a downward spiral.
____ your manager has continued talking, laying out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are going to be moved ____ ..."
When you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other person is ____ with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that ____ should be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether the brand will work, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer ____ will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with ____ buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by developing and presenting the brand in such a way that buyers feel minimal risk.
An example of an industry appreciating ____ risk is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company ____ a new drug suitable for children needs to consider the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand ____ reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it ____ debated how bees computed the distance to their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is actually approximating distance by measuring the ____ of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You ____ a paper towel tube, split it open, and paint a bunch of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and ____ the tube at the door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through an ____ forest.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the end of the tube, the bee would ____ ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the dance of the tricked bee and ____ on to overshoot the location by a mile.
So the ____ is really just a simple little robot driven by cunning algorithms.