2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational variables and a finite repertoire of human emotions whose meanings ____ at least roughly synonymous among all members of the species.

At the same time, Izard's formulation of "affective-cognitive structures" shows that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that are associated ____ them.

The fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable emotions derives not only from a species-specific repertoire of facial ____ but perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of human expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and postures.

These behaviors, for which a universal capacity exists, are also, without exception, ____ out in particular circumstances.

As elements in the human communicative function, they create the necessity of response from the environment while also being shaped by ____

To use Lewis's terms, the contextual reality of emotional expression transforms "state" into ____

Changes are often useful — people want to see ____ emails, better search results, and new news stories — but they can disrupt the user's ability to re-find information.

As an example, ____ menus were developed to help people access menu items faster by bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed dynamic menus actually slow their users down because commonly sought ____ no longer appear where expected.

As another example, some researchers ____ to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences that were dynamically reranked based on implicit feedback gathered during the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much or perform as well as they did when the sentence list was ____

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat queries they are significantly less likely to click on a result they've ____ before if the result's rank has changed, and significantly slower to click when they do.

Verbal ____ help make our language more colorful and expressive.

They influence how we think about something, but they do ____ change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play a more fundamental ____ in how we experience and interact with the technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The metaphor that is chosen for ____ interface shapes how it can be used.

When we put computer "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs help us think about the ____ information is organized in our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors also influence the feel ____ the experience, the emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions with and via the machine.

The desktop metaphor calls ____ mind office work — secretaries, bosses, quarterly plans, and cubicles.

It was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when office work was seen as the primary use for personal ____

The ____ image certainly is appropriate for that setting.

However, it is less appropriate when we use the computer as an entertainment center or as the locus of our ____ life.

____ metaphors need to fit both the feel and function of the application.

Many news media studies use experimental designs to see whether citizens' opinions are influenced by ____ news content.

For example, in ____ study, researchers created newspaper stories to frame the death penalty in different ways.

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values (the morality frame), whereas another story emphasized that the ____ was fundamentally flawed because innocent people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the story with the morality frame, and others read the one ____ the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire that asked them to ____ the important factors they considered when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that subjects exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention innocence-related considerations ____ important factors in determining their attitudes toward the death penalty than subjects presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news frames shaped the ingredients of ____ subjects' death penalty attitudes.

The knowledge problem is ____ evident when we discuss our ability to predict that which has not yet been observed.

Most people would say that they ____ the Sun will rise tomorrow.

____ can we call this a certainty?

It seems very likely, but it has also been predicted that the time will come when the Sun runs out of fuel, swells massively, and ____ the Earth.

We don't know if this prediction is true, but it is consistent with our best understanding and ____ cannot rule it out.

It is also possible that the Earth will explode due to some internal process with its molten core, which ____ had not anticipated.

A massive comet that our telescopes have not observed ____ crash into the Earth and destroy the planet.

These examples seem a bit extreme, but consider the 230,000 people who died in the tsunami in Sumatra in 2004, which resulted from an ____ megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

The most reasonable prediction on that day was that ____ would be an average day, like so many days before it, not that a massive wave was going to destroy many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

Accepting or being at peace with ____ isn't easy.

It ____ time, patience and a fair dose of courage.

____ acceptance isn't about trying to make something go away, as in, 'If I accept this then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get dispirited ____ the problem, the thing, doesn't go away.

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading as acceptance in order to ____ rid of that towards which you have a negative attitude.

Rather than getting dispirited we would be better to notice what happens when we fight with a ____ or experience.

It escalates! We could then wonder what would happen if we stopped fighting with ____

Through true acceptance, the impact of such experiences starts to diminish and in their own time ____ experiences impact us less often.

It's as if we've been visited by ____ stray dog that keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when it is not being fed.

Attention is ____ food that keeps it coming back.