2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational variables and a finite repertoire ____ human emotions whose meanings are at least roughly synonymous among all members of the species.

At the same time, Izard's formulation ____ "affective-cognitive structures" shows that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that are associated with them.

The fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable emotions derives not only from a species-specific repertoire of facial expressions, but perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of human expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and ____

These behaviors, for which a universal capacity exists, are also, ____ exception, carried out in particular circumstances.

As elements in the human communicative function, they create ____ necessity of response from the environment while also being shaped by it.

To use ____ terms, the contextual reality of emotional expression transforms "state" into "experience."

Changes are often useful — people want to see new emails, better search results, and new news stories — but they can ____ the user's ability to re-find information.

As an example, dynamic menus were developed to help people ____ menu items faster by bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed ____ menus actually slow their users down because commonly sought items no longer appear where expected.

As another example, some researchers tried to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences that were dynamically reranked based on ____ feedback gathered during the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much or perform as well as ____ did when the sentence list was static.

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat queries they are significantly less likely to click on a result they've clicked before if the result's ____ has changed, and significantly slower to click when they do.

____ metaphors help make our language more colorful and expressive.

They influence how we ____ about something, but they do not change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play a more fundamental role in ____ we experience and interact with the technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The metaphor that is ____ for an interface shapes how it can be used.

When we put computer "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs ____ us think about the way information is organized in our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors also influence the feel of the experience, ____ emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions with and via the machine.

The ____ metaphor calls to mind office work — secretaries, bosses, quarterly plans, and cubicles.

It was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when office work was seen as ____ primary use for personal computers.

The desktop image certainly is appropriate ____ that setting.

However, it is less ____ when we use the computer as an entertainment center or as the locus of our social life.

Interface metaphors need ____ fit both the feel and function of the application.

Many news media studies use ____ designs to see whether citizens' opinions are influenced by different news content.

For example, in one study, researchers ____ newspaper stories to frame the death penalty in different ways.

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values (the morality frame), whereas another story emphasized that the ____ was fundamentally flawed because innocent people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the ____ with the morality frame, and others read the one with the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire that asked ____ to list the important factors they considered when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that subjects exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention ____ considerations as important factors in determining their attitudes toward the death penalty than subjects presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news frames shaped the ingredients of the ____ death penalty attitudes.

The knowledge problem is most evident when we discuss our ability to ____ that which has not yet been observed.

Most people would say that they "know" the Sun will ____ tomorrow.

However, can ____ call this a certainty?

It seems very likely, but it ____ also been predicted that the time will come when the Sun runs out of fuel, swells massively, and consumes the Earth.

We don't know if this prediction is true, but it is consistent with our ____ understanding and we cannot rule it out.

It is also possible that the Earth will explode due ____ some internal process with its molten core, which we had not anticipated.

A massive comet that our ____ have not observed may crash into the Earth and destroy the planet.

These examples seem a bit extreme, but consider the 230,000 people who died in the tsunami in Sumatra in 2004, which resulted from an ____ megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

The most reasonable prediction on that day was that it would be an average day, like so many days before it, not ____ a massive wave was going to destroy many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

Accepting ____ being at peace with things isn't easy.

It takes time, ____ and a fair dose of courage.

True acceptance isn't about trying ____ make something go away, as in, 'If I accept this then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get dispirited ____ the problem, the thing, doesn't go away.

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading as ____ in order to get rid of that towards which you have a negative attitude.

Rather than getting dispirited we would be better to notice what happens when we fight with a situation ____ experience.

It escalates! We could then wonder what would ____ if we stopped fighting with it.

Through true acceptance, the impact of such experiences starts to diminish and in their own time these experiences impact ____ less often.

It's as if we've ____ visited by a stray dog that keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when it is not being fed.

____ is the food that keeps it coming back.