2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational variables and a finite repertoire of human emotions whose meanings are at least ____ synonymous among all members of the species.

At the ____ time, Izard's formulation of "affective-cognitive structures" shows that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that are associated with them.

____ fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable emotions derives not only from a species-specific repertoire of facial expressions, but perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of human expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and postures.

These behaviors, ____ which a universal capacity exists, are also, without exception, carried out in particular circumstances.

As elements in the human communicative ____ they create the necessity of response from the environment while also being shaped by it.

To use Lewis's terms, ____ contextual reality of emotional expression transforms "state" into "experience."

Changes are often useful — people want to see new emails, better search results, and new news stories — but they can disrupt the user's ability ____ re-find information.

As an example, dynamic menus ____ developed to help people access menu items faster by bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed dynamic menus actually slow their users down ____ commonly sought items no longer appear where expected.

As another example, some researchers tried to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences ____ were dynamically reranked based on implicit feedback gathered during the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much ____ perform as well as they did when the sentence list was static.

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat queries they are significantly less likely to click on a result they've clicked before if the ____ rank has changed, and significantly slower to click when they do.

Verbal metaphors help make our ____ more colorful and expressive.

They ____ how we think about something, but they do not change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play a more fundamental role in how we experience and interact with ____ technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The metaphor that is chosen for an ____ shapes how it can be used.

____ we put computer "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs help us think about the way information is organized in our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors ____ influence the feel of the experience, the emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions with and via the machine.

The desktop metaphor calls to mind office work — secretaries, bosses, ____ plans, and cubicles.

It was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when office work was ____ as the primary use for personal computers.

The desktop image certainly is appropriate for that ____

However, it is less appropriate when we use the computer ____ an entertainment center or as the locus of our social life.

Interface metaphors need to fit ____ the feel and function of the application.

Many news media studies use experimental designs to see whether citizens' opinions are influenced ____ different news content.

For example, in one study, researchers created newspaper ____ to frame the death penalty in different ways.

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values (the morality frame), whereas another story emphasized that the policy ____ fundamentally flawed because innocent people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the story with the morality frame, and others read the one ____ the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire that asked them to list the important factors they ____ when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that ____ exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention innocence-related considerations as important factors in determining their attitudes toward the death penalty than subjects presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news frames shaped the ____ of the subjects' death penalty attitudes.

The knowledge problem is most evident when we discuss our ability to predict that which has not ____ been observed.

Most people would say that they ____ the Sun will rise tomorrow.

____ can we call this a certainty?

It seems very likely, but it has also been predicted that the time will come when ____ Sun runs out of fuel, swells massively, and consumes the Earth.

We don't know if this prediction is true, but it is consistent ____ our best understanding and we cannot rule it out.

It is also possible that the Earth will explode due to some internal process ____ its molten core, which we had not anticipated.

A massive ____ that our telescopes have not observed may crash into the Earth and destroy the planet.

These examples seem a bit extreme, but consider the 230,000 ____ who died in the tsunami in Sumatra in 2004, which resulted from an undersea megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

The most reasonable prediction on that ____ was that it would be an average day, like so many days before it, not that a massive wave was going to destroy many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

Accepting ____ being at peace with things isn't easy.

It takes time, patience and a fair ____ of courage.

True acceptance ____ about trying to make something go away, as in, 'If I accept this then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get dispirited ____ the problem, the thing, doesn't go away.

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading as acceptance in order to get rid of that ____ which you have a negative attitude.

Rather than getting dispirited we ____ be better to notice what happens when we fight with a situation or experience.

____ escalates! We could then wonder what would happen if we stopped fighting with it.

Through true acceptance, the impact of such ____ starts to diminish and in their own time these experiences impact us less often.

It's as if we've been visited by a stray dog that keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when it is ____ being fed.

Attention is the ____ that keeps it coming back.