2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational variables ____ a finite repertoire of human emotions whose meanings are at least roughly synonymous among all members of the species.

At the same ____ Izard's formulation of "affective-cognitive structures" shows that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that are associated with them.

The fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable emotions derives ____ only from a species-specific repertoire of facial expressions, but perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of human expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and postures.

These behaviors, for which ____ universal capacity exists, are also, without exception, carried out in particular circumstances.

As elements in the human ____ function, they create the necessity of response from the environment while also being shaped by it.

To use Lewis's terms, the contextual ____ of emotional expression transforms "state" into "experience."

Changes are often useful — people want to see new emails, better search results, ____ new news stories — but they can disrupt the user's ability to re-find information.

As an example, dynamic menus were developed to help people access menu ____ faster by bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed ____ menus actually slow their users down because commonly sought items no longer appear where expected.

As another example, some ____ tried to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences that were dynamically reranked based on implicit feedback gathered during the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much or perform as well as they ____ when the sentence list was static.

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat ____ they are significantly less likely to click on a result they've clicked before if the result's rank has changed, and significantly slower to click when they do.

Verbal metaphors help ____ our language more colorful and expressive.

They influence how ____ think about something, but they do not change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play ____ more fundamental role in how we experience and interact with the technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The ____ that is chosen for an interface shapes how it can be used.

When we put computer "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs help us think about the way information is organized ____ our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors also influence the feel of the experience, the emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions ____ and via the machine.

The desktop metaphor calls to mind office work — secretaries, bosses, ____ plans, and cubicles.

It was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when office work was seen as the ____ use for personal computers.

The desktop image certainly is appropriate for ____ setting.

However, it is ____ appropriate when we use the computer as an entertainment center or as the locus of our social life.

Interface metaphors ____ to fit both the feel and function of the application.

Many news media studies use experimental designs ____ see whether citizens' opinions are influenced by different news content.

For example, in one study, researchers created newspaper stories to ____ the death penalty in different ways.

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values (the morality frame), whereas another ____ emphasized that the policy was fundamentally flawed because innocent people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the story with ____ morality frame, and others read the one with the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire ____ asked them to list the important factors they considered when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that subjects exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention innocence-related considerations as important factors in determining their attitudes toward the death penalty than ____ presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news frames shaped the ingredients of the ____ death penalty attitudes.

The knowledge problem is most evident when we ____ our ability to predict that which has not yet been observed.

Most people would say that they "know" ____ Sun will rise tomorrow.

However, can we call this a ____

It seems very likely, but it ____ also been predicted that the time will come when the Sun runs out of fuel, swells massively, and consumes the Earth.

We don't know if ____ prediction is true, but it is consistent with our best understanding and we cannot rule it out.

It is also possible that the Earth will explode due to some internal process ____ its molten core, which we had not anticipated.

A massive comet that our telescopes have not observed may crash into the ____ and destroy the planet.

These examples seem a bit extreme, but consider the 230,000 people who died in the ____ in Sumatra in 2004, which resulted from an undersea megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

____ most reasonable prediction on that day was that it would be an average day, like so many days before it, not that a massive wave was going to destroy many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

____ or being at peace with things isn't easy.

It takes time, patience and a ____ dose of courage.

True ____ isn't about trying to make something go away, as in, 'If I accept this then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get dispirited when the problem, the thing, doesn't go ____

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading as acceptance in order to get rid of that towards ____ you have a negative attitude.

Rather than getting dispirited we would be better to notice what happens when we fight with a situation or ____

It ____ We could then wonder what would happen if we stopped fighting with it.

Through true acceptance, ____ impact of such experiences starts to diminish and in their own time these experiences impact us less often.

It's as if we've been visited by a stray dog that keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when ____ is not being fed.

Attention is ____ food that keeps it coming back.