2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational variables and ____ finite repertoire of human emotions whose meanings are at least roughly synonymous among all members of the species.

At the same time, Izard's formulation of "affective-cognitive structures" shows that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that are associated with ____

The fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable emotions derives not only from a species-specific repertoire of facial expressions, but perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of ____ expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and postures.

These behaviors, for which a universal capacity exists, are ____ without exception, carried out in particular circumstances.

As elements in the human communicative function, ____ create the necessity of response from the environment while also being shaped by it.

To use Lewis's terms, the contextual reality of emotional expression transforms "state" ____ "experience."

Changes are often useful — people want to see new emails, better search results, and new news stories — but they can disrupt the ____ ability to re-find information.

As an example, dynamic menus were developed to help people access menu ____ faster by bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed dynamic menus actually slow their ____ down because commonly sought items no longer appear where expected.

As another example, some researchers tried to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences ____ were dynamically reranked based on implicit feedback gathered during the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much or perform as well as they did when the sentence list was ____

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat queries they are significantly less likely to ____ on a result they've clicked before if the result's rank has changed, and significantly slower to click when they do.

Verbal metaphors help make our ____ more colorful and expressive.

They influence how we think about something, ____ they do not change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play a more ____ role in how we experience and interact with the technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The metaphor that is chosen for an interface shapes how ____ can be used.

When we put computer "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs help us think about ____ way information is organized in our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors also influence the feel of the ____ the emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions with and via the machine.

The ____ metaphor calls to mind office work — secretaries, bosses, quarterly plans, and cubicles.

It was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, ____ office work was seen as the primary use for personal computers.

The desktop image certainly is appropriate ____ that setting.

However, it is less appropriate when we use the computer ____ an entertainment center or as the locus of our social life.

Interface metaphors need to fit both the ____ and function of the application.

Many news media studies use experimental designs to see whether citizens' opinions are influenced ____ different news content.

For example, in one study, researchers created newspaper stories to frame the death penalty ____ different ways.

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values (the morality frame), whereas another story ____ that the policy was fundamentally flawed because innocent people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the story with the ____ frame, and others read the one with the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire that asked them to list the important ____ they considered when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that subjects exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention ____ considerations as important factors in determining their attitudes toward the death penalty than subjects presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news frames shaped the ingredients ____ the subjects' death penalty attitudes.

The knowledge problem is most evident when we discuss our ability to ____ that which has not yet been observed.

Most people would say that ____ "know" the Sun will rise tomorrow.

However, can we ____ this a certainty?

It seems very likely, but it has also been ____ that the time will come when the Sun runs out of fuel, swells massively, and consumes the Earth.

We don't know if this prediction ____ true, but it is consistent with our best understanding and we cannot rule it out.

It is also possible that the Earth ____ explode due to some internal process with its molten core, which we had not anticipated.

A massive comet that our telescopes have not observed may crash ____ the Earth and destroy the planet.

These examples seem a ____ extreme, but consider the 230,000 people who died in the tsunami in Sumatra in 2004, which resulted from an undersea megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

The most reasonable prediction on ____ day was that it would be an average day, like so many days before it, not that a massive wave was going to destroy many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

Accepting or ____ at peace with things isn't easy.

It takes time, patience and a fair dose ____ courage.

True ____ isn't about trying to make something go away, as in, 'If I accept this then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get dispirited when the ____ the thing, doesn't go away.

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading as acceptance in order to get rid of that towards which you ____ a negative attitude.

Rather than getting dispirited we would be better to notice what happens when we fight ____ a situation or experience.

It escalates! We could then wonder what would happen if we stopped fighting with ____

Through true acceptance, the impact of such experiences starts to diminish and in their own time these ____ impact us less often.

It's as if we've been visited by a ____ dog that keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when it is not being fed.

Attention is ____ food that keeps it coming back.