2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational variables ____ a finite repertoire of human emotions whose meanings are at least roughly synonymous among all members of the species.

At the same time, Izard's formulation of "affective-cognitive structures" ____ that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that are associated with them.

The fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable ____ derives not only from a species-specific repertoire of facial expressions, but perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of human expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and postures.

____ behaviors, for which a universal capacity exists, are also, without exception, carried out in particular circumstances.

As elements in the human communicative function, they create the necessity ____ response from the environment while also being shaped by it.

To use Lewis's terms, ____ contextual reality of emotional expression transforms "state" into "experience."

Changes are often useful — people want to see new emails, better search results, and new news stories — but ____ can disrupt the user's ability to re-find information.

As an example, dynamic menus were developed to help people access ____ items faster by bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed dynamic menus actually slow their users down because commonly sought items no ____ appear where expected.

As another example, some researchers tried to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences that were dynamically reranked based on implicit feedback gathered ____ the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much or perform as well as they did when the sentence ____ was static.

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat queries they are significantly less likely to click on a result they've clicked before if the result's rank has changed, and significantly slower to ____ when they do.

Verbal metaphors help make our language more colorful ____ expressive.

They influence how we think ____ something, but they do not change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play a more fundamental role in how we experience and interact ____ the technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The metaphor that is chosen for an ____ shapes how it can be used.

When we put ____ "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs help us think about the way information is organized in our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors also influence the ____ of the experience, the emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions with and via the machine.

____ desktop metaphor calls to mind office work — secretaries, bosses, quarterly plans, and cubicles.

It was developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when office work was seen as the ____ use for personal computers.

The ____ image certainly is appropriate for that setting.

However, it is less appropriate when we use the computer as an entertainment center or as ____ locus of our social life.

Interface metaphors need ____ fit both the feel and function of the application.

Many news ____ studies use experimental designs to see whether citizens' opinions are influenced by different news content.

For example, in one study, researchers created newspaper stories to frame the death penalty in different ____

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values ____ morality frame), whereas another story emphasized that the policy was fundamentally flawed because innocent people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the story with the morality frame, and others read ____ one with the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire that asked ____ to list the important factors they considered when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that subjects exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention innocence-related considerations as important factors in determining ____ attitudes toward the death penalty than subjects presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news ____ shaped the ingredients of the subjects' death penalty attitudes.

The knowledge problem is most evident when we discuss our ability to predict that which has not yet ____ observed.

Most people ____ say that they "know" the Sun will rise tomorrow.

____ can we call this a certainty?

It seems very likely, but it has also been predicted that the time will come when the Sun runs out ____ fuel, swells massively, and consumes the Earth.

We don't know if this prediction is true, ____ it is consistent with our best understanding and we cannot rule it out.

It is also possible that the Earth will explode due to some ____ process with its molten core, which we had not anticipated.

____ massive comet that our telescopes have not observed may crash into the Earth and destroy the planet.

These examples seem a bit extreme, but consider the 230,000 people who died in the tsunami in Sumatra in ____ which resulted from an undersea megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

The most reasonable prediction on that day was that it would be an average day, like so many days before it, not that a massive wave was going to ____ many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

Accepting or being at peace ____ things isn't easy.

It takes time, ____ and a fair dose of courage.

True acceptance isn't about trying to make something go away, as in, ____ I accept this then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get ____ when the problem, the thing, doesn't go away.

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading as acceptance in order to ____ rid of that towards which you have a negative attitude.

Rather than getting dispirited we would be better to notice what ____ when we fight with a situation or experience.

It escalates! We could then wonder what would happen if we stopped fighting with ____

Through true acceptance, the impact of such experiences starts to diminish and in their own time these experiences impact us ____ often.

It's as if we've been visited by a stray ____ that keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when it is not being fed.

Attention is the food ____ keeps it coming back.