2027 수특 영독연 1강 변형문제 (1-6번)

Research on the universality of facial expressions suggests that the socialization of affect involves interactions between situational ____ and a finite repertoire of human emotions whose meanings are at least roughly synonymous among all members of the species.

At the same time, Izard's formulation of "affective-cognitive structures" shows that emotions are in reality not separable from the particular circumstances that ____ associated with them.

The fact that it is possible to construct a list of "basic," universally recognizable emotions derives not only from a species-specific repertoire of facial expressions, ____ perhaps more fundamentally from a larger set of human expressive behaviors, including laughter and crying as well as bodily movements and postures.

These behaviors, for which a universal capacity exists, are also, without exception, carried out in particular ____

As elements in the human communicative function, they create the necessity of response from the environment while also being shaped ____ it.

To use Lewis's terms, the contextual reality of emotional expression transforms "state" ____ "experience."

Changes are ____ useful — people want to see new emails, better search results, and new news stories — but they can disrupt the user's ability to re-find information.

As an example, dynamic menus were developed to help people access menu items faster ____ bubbling common items to the top of the menu.

Rather than decreasing access time, research revealed dynamic menus actually slow their users down because commonly sought items ____ longer appear where expected.

As another example, some researchers tried to help people search better by giving them lists of relevant sentences that were dynamically reranked based on ____ feedback gathered during the search process.

To the researchers' surprise, people did not enjoy the search experience as much or perform as well as they did when the ____ list was static.

Similarly, a large-scale analysis of query logs revealed that when people repeat queries they are significantly less likely to click on a result they've clicked before if the result's ____ has changed, and significantly slower to click when they do.

Verbal metaphors help make ____ language more colorful and expressive.

____ influence how we think about something, but they do not change the thing itself.

Interface metaphors play a ____ fundamental role in how we experience and interact with the technological world, affecting function as well as feeling.

The metaphor that is chosen for an interface shapes how it ____ be used.

When we put ____ "files" into "folders," these metaphoric constructs help us think about the way information is organized in our machine, but they also constrain what we can do with it.

Interface metaphors also influence the feel ____ the experience, the emotional and aesthetic response we have to our interactions with and via the machine.

The desktop metaphor calls ____ mind office work — secretaries, bosses, quarterly plans, and cubicles.

It ____ developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when office work was seen as the primary use for personal computers.

The desktop ____ certainly is appropriate for that setting.

However, it is less appropriate when we use the computer ____ an entertainment center or as the locus of our social life.

Interface metaphors need to fit both ____ feel and function of the application.

Many news media studies use experimental designs to see whether citizens' ____ are influenced by different news content.

For example, in one study, researchers created newspaper stories to frame the death penalty ____ different ways.

One story constructed the death penalty as an affront to moral values (the morality frame), whereas another story emphasized that the policy was fundamentally flawed because ____ people might be executed (the innocence frame).

Some subjects read the story with the morality frame, and ____ read the one with the innocence frame.

Subjects then completed a questionnaire that asked them to list the important factors they ____ when determining their opinion on the death penalty.

It was found that subjects exposed to the innocence frame were more likely to mention innocence-related considerations as ____ factors in determining their attitudes toward the death penalty than subjects presented with the morality frame.

Thus, the news frames shaped the ingredients of the subjects' death ____ attitudes.

The knowledge problem is most evident when we discuss our ____ to predict that which has not yet been observed.

Most people would say ____ they "know" the Sun will rise tomorrow.

However, can we call this a ____

It seems very likely, but it has also been predicted ____ the time will come when the Sun runs out of fuel, swells massively, and consumes the Earth.

We don't know if this prediction is true, but it is consistent with our best understanding and we cannot rule ____ out.

It is also possible that the Earth ____ explode due to some internal process with its molten core, which we had not anticipated.

A massive comet that our telescopes have not observed may crash into the Earth and destroy the ____

These examples ____ a bit extreme, but consider the 230,000 people who died in the tsunami in Sumatra in 2004, which resulted from an undersea megathrust earthquake that had not been anticipated.

The most reasonable prediction on that day was that it would be ____ average day, like so many days before it, not that a massive wave was going to destroy many thousands of lives; tragically, such was the case.

____ or being at peace with things isn't easy.

It takes time, patience and a fair dose ____ courage.

True acceptance isn't about trying to make something go away, as in, 'If I accept ____ then it will go away'.

That's a good way to get dispirited when the ____ the thing, doesn't go away.

Using acceptance to make something go away is actually non-acceptance masquerading ____ acceptance in order to get rid of that towards which you have a negative attitude.

____ than getting dispirited we would be better to notice what happens when we fight with a situation or experience.

It escalates! We ____ then wonder what would happen if we stopped fighting with it.

Through true acceptance, the impact of ____ experiences starts to diminish and in their own time these experiences impact us less often.

It's as if we've been visited by a stray dog ____ keeps coming back because we keep feeding it, but soon it loses interest and goes away when it is not being fed.

Attention is ____ food that keeps it coming back.