2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I have reviewed your February 9 letter and ____ understand your concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant contribution to our ____, and I'm sorry we have not returned the favor.

We work with a public relations ____ that selects one or two articles from each issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your article did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to mistakenly ____ that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the oversight and regret any confusion this may have ____.

The research results should have been clearly credited to your ____.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ensure that proper attribution is ____ moving forward.

____, my apologies.

Thank you for your understanding and for your ____ contribution.

The snowstorm covered everything. Emma ____ still, holding the leash in her hand.

"Max," she ____, but the wind took her voice away.

He was gone. Her chest felt ____, and her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints — just white ____.

She called his name ____ and again, but nothing answered.

A ____ thought crept in: What if he's gone forever?

It felt ____ she had already lost him forever. Then, she heard a bark far off.

Her ____ jumped. She turned around. Max was running to her through the snow.

____ fell to her knees and opened her arms. Max jumped into her arms.

She held him close, tears streaming as her fear of losing ____ melted away.

He was ____. He was back. They were together again.

There is a perception that there is a distinct language of science and research that has an ____ style that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, it makes them uncertain about getting words together to ____ started.

Fortunately, the perception of ____ writing as a stiff, formal and difficult medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is easy to unearth examples of stiff, formal and difficult writing in the scientific ____.

Not surprisingly, these examples are usually in ____ that are also difficult to read.

But the ____ language of science is simple, clear English — nothing more, nothing less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific ____ contain specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms and expressions.

In ____ of the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, you must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these should be as simple as you can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink roots, grow, sprout leaves and shed them, bring forth ____ and scatter them, and in the end die.

Like plants, animals transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are ____ off from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish and ____ for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher animals show them to be aware of others as possible.

As Stephen Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate wheat from sand by throwing handfuls of the ____ combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

Unlike Vegas, what ____ in the university doesn't stay in the university.

____ are cultural centers, research institutes, and halls of education.

University ____ leaks out into the broader culture almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, productions, and outreach programs, and are thereby influenced by ____ culture.

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of knowledge production — just compare other research centers connected to ____ or politically motivated think tanks.

As a ____, we turn to universities to help identify which statements, ideas, and values we can trust.

Universities then transmit both ____ and intellectual culture to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who ____ later go into the professions, head industries, establish charities, produce media, and shape public policy.

Done ____, universities are invaluable.

Done ____, they are a means of harmful cultural indoctrination without equal.

Philosophy doesn't just seek knowledge; it tries to find the meaning and ____ of that knowledge.

It seeks not just an ____ of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding of why things are the way they are, what difference it makes, and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all ____ fields of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea of science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, which can tell us a great deal ____ how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, still within the realm of philosophy.

Immersive theatre dates back to the ____ Ages with a call and response.

The players would call out something and expect the ____ to answer.

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, a form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both ____ and emotional.

A recent example of a ____ immersive theater production, often referenced by storytellers in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and ____ a mask, and then are taken into an elevator and let out on one of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The location is ____ as a hotel and becomes a character in and of itself.

____ they arrive on their floor, the audience is free to roam and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and audience members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member if they do that or ____.

The entire story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see every ____ of the play in one go.

Therefore, every audience member's experience is unique, with infinite ____ of how to engage with the experience.

Althea Gibson was born in Silver, South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New ____ City.

Gibson was given her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who introduced her to the ____ of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, did not have many tennis ____, so she had to practice on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first ____ in a tournament sponsored by the American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two African American medical doctors who were interested in ____ African American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the moral and financial support to compete at the ____ level of tennis.

At age 23, Gibson became the ____ African American to compete at the U.S. National Championships.

In ____, she won both the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, London.

In 1971, she took her place in the International Tennis ____ of Fame.

Male parental investment is ____ pretty low for mammals as a class of animals.

Human ____, however, tend to buck this trend.

Men from all ____ studied invest in their children by providing food and protection and through teaching.

Interestingly, how much direct time fathers ____ with their offspring varies quite considerably between cultures.

One study, which looked at 186 different cultures, uncovered a surprising ____.

____ cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly more time and effort to child-rearing than in other societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to the fact that men in societies which have developed agriculture (and industry later on) spend much more of their ____ on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast majority of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of ____ spending relatively little of their time with their children is a recent phenomenon.

Alternatively, it might also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, ____ also contribute to the survival of their children.

Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's feelings or emotions at ____ according to the emotional requirements of the situation.

Emotional labor ____ closing the gap between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor has two dimensions: surface acting and deep ____.

In ____ acting, a person acts in a particular way without experiencing the emotion.

This is done by modifying ____ expressions and body pose to express an emotion that is not felt.

A leader ____ smile and pat an employee on the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions such as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting typically comes across as ____.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are more appropriate to the situation, ____ a more genuine emotional response.

Deep acting involves an active effort to modify ____ emotions.

A leader often must draw on qualities deep within to manage negative emotions and shift ____ more positive ones.

One thing that failure strips us of is a feeling that we might be '____' people.

This might ____ that we must therefore be 'bad', but the reality is more complicated.

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people who know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, apology, and gentleness — always suspect that they ____ very good.

It seems one cannot both be a good person and at the same time feel blameless or pure ____.

____ is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ongoing awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ignorant of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression that one hasn't got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does one ____ anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea that one ____ be a monster — combined with a fundamental hesitation about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is the bedrock of virtue — and all this ____ easily to the failed.

The fundamental dilemma of computer security ____ how people want security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training users have ____ been unsuccessful.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to make ____ choices, it is better to simply reduce their choices.

____ people enter an elevator, they do not worry that pushing the wrong button will send them plummeting to their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and not require the user to make decisions that ____ endanger themselves and others.

A famous IT ____ embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure by design and secure by default.”

In recent ____, the company has continued to lead the way by making the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses one of those computers, the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no ____ presented.

What is considered to be a major distinction ____ art and science — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon closer inspection.

____ often depicts the outer world along with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, provides abundant indications that objectivity is a goal that can never be completely realized.

Subjective and objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum ____ which art and science approach each other.

This suggests that the underlying cognitive processes involved in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is ____ by creativity studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive point of view, the differences [____ art and science] are superficial'.

Newton defined his scientific enterprise as the ____ for a small number of mathematical laws from which one could deduce observed regularities in nature.

His domain was the physics of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three ____ of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed how his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of explanation, we will take the law of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a ____ attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how gravity worked; to them, action at a distance between two objects ____ of magic.

Newton, ____, replied, "Hypotheses non fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, in other words, to explain his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate a force from ____ one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern ____ is friend and what is enemy, either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains ____ vigilant, like a muscular guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But when the ____ gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when opportunistic ____ bacteria make their move.

____ troublemakers take advantage of our impaired immunity and find their way in.

Flavor pulls on our brains in subtle but ____ ways.

When odor information — the most important component of flavor — enters the brain, it goes directly to the ancient parts of the brain responsible for emotion and ____.

It ____ reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex until several stops later.

That's the neuroscientific basis for flavor's remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite ____ can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or a photo ever could.

It's no accident that ____ Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea cake.

That emotional pull may also explain why immigrants hold on to the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of ____ — even, sometimes new religions.

Food binds ethnic groups together across generations and across oceans and ____ boundaries.

We so often use flavors as ethnic markers, with the treasures of one culture being ____ (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

The French have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans ____ natto.

____ is a positional good.

Possession of a university qualification indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a ____ valuable employee.

But when university education was accessible only to the social elite, possession of a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional ____.

With the mass expansion of higher education following World War II, possession of a university degree no ____ signals such exclusivity.

However, ____ institutions remain accessible mostly only to members of the social elite.

These institutions, normally the oldest, and almost always the universities well established before the mass expansion of higher education, ____ greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of these institutions are the Ivy ____ in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as access to higher education expands, the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the fact of graduating from a university but in the ____ of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, therefore, leads to overtly tiered systems, whatever their ____ designation by government.

From the windows of a space capsule, astronauts cannot see state borders, political ____, ideological differences, or social distinctions.

They cannot see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and ____ can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, or shattered expectations.

But they can discern the sharp contrast between the ____ lifeless darkness and the shimmering fields of green and blue that make up the planet Earth.

They can intuitively grasp the fragile balance and clear limitations of the atmosphere's closed ____.

They can immediately recognise the human race's common destiny and the deeper ____ of words such as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our ____ resources by taking from 'someone else' or 'something else'.

We can only take from one another — or from those who will ____ after us.

It becomes evident that it is only through ____ and peaceful co-existence that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning as fans of specific cultural ____, are deeply embedded within the cultural context of their fandom community.

This particularly seems to be the trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a ____ of Millennials and Generation Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is great worry concerning the decline of ____ language learning at present.

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 to ____, while overall we witnessed fewer A-level language entries in the 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does ____ mean that Gen MZ has no interest in language learning.

On the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and ____ seem to be different from older generations.

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn ____ languages due to a love for the culture and a desire to build international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all ____ learning everywhere around the world, but the trend seems to be clear in the age of social media.

The need for ____ and its use is of ancient origin.

Earliest forms of man had to ____ do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the mate, the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this ____ restricted early hominids to a day-by-day existence.

As speech and language evolved, ____ visual categories could be captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns for later use.

Speech was responsible for ____ possible the common sharing of visual patterns, especially in relation to the rearing of the young.

The further development of ____ led to the development of the facility to create categories of categories.

This, in time, ____ to the assembly of categories into myths — a visual and verbal world.

It is within this world, or ____, that language as a tool for communication evolves.

However, a primary function of ____ was and continues to be that of categorization rather than simply communication.

In fact, it is the use of language to categorize the infinite ____ of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to categorize sensory ____ into shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems like myth and culture.

Signals that assert ____ tend to be derived from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an upright posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention movement to strike or is a subtly derived ____ of such a movement.

____, in monkeys and apes (including humans), we can read dominance status by posture alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived ____ protective movements: the subordinate animal crouches, hunches, or lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest dominance status or, more directly, ____ of a resource, tends to have elements that one could call dishonest.

The false signaling of body size is very ____.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that make them appear larger, and they often have physical ____ to enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating ____ with a huge crown of hair on top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower legs.

One of the male threat postures is to face directly toward his opponent, with the ____ slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories greatly increase the male's ____ size.

After the ____ season, the males lose most of the extra hair.

More rarely, animals ____ in transmitting false information about their abilities, as well as their size.

However, we ____ know of a few examples because, in contests, the assessment of rivals is usually thorough.