2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I ____ reviewed your February 9 letter and fully understand your concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant ____ to our journal, and I'm sorry we have not returned the favor.

We work with a public relations firm that selects ____ or two articles from each issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your article ____ not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to mistakenly believe that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the oversight and regret any confusion this may ____ caused.

The research ____ should have been clearly credited to your organization.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ensure that proper ____ is made moving forward.

____, my apologies.

Thank you for your understanding and for your outstanding ____.

The snowstorm covered everything. Emma stood still, holding the ____ in her hand.

"Max," she called, but the wind took her voice ____.

He was gone. Her ____ felt heavy, and her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints — just ____ everywhere.

She ____ his name again and again, but nothing answered.

A terrible thought crept in: What if ____ gone forever?

It felt like she had already ____ him forever. Then, she heard a bark far off.

Her heart jumped. She ____ around. Max was running to her through the snow.

Emma fell to her knees and opened her ____. Max jumped into her arms.

She held him close, ____ streaming as her fear of losing him melted away.

He was safe. He was back. They were together ____.

There is a perception that ____ is a distinct language of science and research that has an idiosyncratic style that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, it makes them uncertain about getting words together to get ____.

Fortunately, the perception of scientific writing as a stiff, ____ and difficult medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is easy to unearth examples of stiff, formal and difficult writing in the scientific ____.

Not surprisingly, these ____ are usually in articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, clear ____ — nothing more, nothing less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific writing contain specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms and ____.

In view of the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, you must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these should be as simple as ____ can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink roots, grow, sprout leaves and shed them, ____ forth seeds and scatter them, and in the end die.

Like plants, animals transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are marked off from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the ____ of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish and worms for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher ____ show them to be aware of others as possible.

As Stephen Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate ____ from sand by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

____ Vegas, what happens in the university doesn't stay in the university.

Universities are ____ centers, research institutes, and halls of education.

University culture leaks out into the broader ____ almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's ____, productions, and outreach programs, and are thereby influenced by its culture.

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of knowledge ____ — just compare other research centers connected to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to ____ identify which statements, ideas, and values we can trust.

Universities then transmit both ____ and intellectual culture to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who will later go into the professions, head industries, establish charities, produce media, and shape public ____.

Done ____, universities are invaluable.

Done wrong, they are a means of harmful cultural indoctrination without ____.

Philosophy doesn't just seek knowledge; it tries to find the meaning and relevance of that ____.

It seeks not just an ____ of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding of why things are the way they are, what difference it makes, and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all other fields of knowledge — philosophy established the very ____ of science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, which can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the ____ fundamental questions, still within the realm of philosophy.

Immersive ____ dates back to the Middle Ages with a call and response.

The players would call out ____ and expect the audience to answer.

Immersive ____ is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, a form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both physical and emotional.

A recent example of a near-legendary immersive theater production, often referenced by storytellers in immersive ____, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and receive a mask, and then are ____ into an elevator and let out on one of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The ____ is designed as a hotel and becomes a character in and of itself.

Once they arrive on their floor, the audience is free to ____ and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and audience members are encouraged to follow ____, but it remains up to each audience member if they do that or not.

The entire ____ plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see every moment of the play in one go.

____, every audience member's experience is unique, with infinite possibilities of how to engage with the experience.

Althea Gibson was ____ in Silver, South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New York City.

Gibson was given her ____ tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who introduced her to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, did not have many tennis courts, so she had to practice on handball ____.

Gibson began taking tennis ____, and a year later, she won first prize in a tournament sponsored by the American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two ____ American medical doctors who were interested in promoting African American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the ____ and financial support to compete at the highest level of tennis.

At age 23, Gibson became the ____ African American to compete at the U.S. National Championships.

In 1957, she won ____ the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, London.

In ____, she took her place in the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Male parental ____ is generally pretty low for mammals as a class of animals.

Human ____, however, tend to buck this trend.

Men from all cultures studied invest in their children by providing food and protection and ____ teaching.

Interestingly, how much direct time fathers spend with their ____ varies quite considerably between cultures.

One study, which looked at ____ different cultures, uncovered a surprising trend.

Although cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly more time and effort to child-rearing than in ____ societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to the fact that men in societies ____ have developed agriculture (and industry later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast majority of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern ____ of men spending relatively little of their time with their children is a recent phenomenon.

Alternatively, it ____ also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, men also contribute to the survival of their children.

Emotional ____ refers to the effort required to manage one's feelings or emotions at work according to the emotional requirements of the situation.

Emotional labor ____ closing the gap between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor has two dimensions: ____ acting and deep acting.

In surface acting, a person acts in a particular way ____ experiencing the emotion.

This is done by modifying facial expressions and body ____ to express an emotion that is not felt.

A leader might smile and pat an employee on the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions such as ____, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting ____ comes across as inauthentic.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are ____ appropriate to the situation, producing a more genuine emotional response.

Deep acting ____ an active effort to modify one's emotions.

A leader often must draw on qualities deep within to manage ____ emotions and shift toward more positive ones.

One thing that failure strips us of is a ____ that we might be 'good' people.

This might indicate that we must therefore be '____', but the reality is more complicated.

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people who know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, apology, and ____ — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It seems one cannot ____ be a good person and at the same time feel blameless or pure inside.

Goodness is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ongoing awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ____ of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression that one ____ got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does one come anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea that one might be a monster — ____ with a fundamental hesitation about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is the bedrock of ____ — and all this comes easily to the failed.

The fundamental dilemma of computer security describes how people ____ security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training users ____ largely been unsuccessful.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to make better ____, it is better to simply reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they do not worry that ____ the wrong button will send them plummeting to their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and not require the ____ to make decisions that can endanger themselves and others.

A famous IT company embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure by ____ and secure by default.”

In ____ years, the company has continued to lead the way by making the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses one of those computers, the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no ____ presented.

What is considered to be a major distinction between art and science — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon ____ inspection.

Art often depicts the outer world along with the inner, and science ____ only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, provides abundant indications that objectivity is a goal that can never be completely realized.

Subjective and objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum ____ which art and science approach each other.

This suggests that the underlying ____ processes involved in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by creativity studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive ____ of view, the differences [between art and science] are superficial'.

Newton defined his scientific enterprise as the search for a small number of mathematical laws from which ____ could deduce observed regularities in nature.

His domain was the physics of motion, which he proposed to ____ in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed how his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of explanation, we will take the ____ of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his ____ for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how gravity worked; to them, action at a distance between two objects smacked of magic.

____, however, replied, "Hypotheses non fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, in other ____, to explain his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate a force from which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

____ time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern what is friend and what is enemy, either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains quietly ____, like a muscular guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But ____ the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when ____ bad bacteria make their move.

These troublemakers take ____ of our impaired immunity and find their way in.

Flavor pulls on our ____ in subtle but powerful ways.

When odor information — the most important component of flavor — enters the brain, it goes ____ to the ancient parts of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex ____ several stops later.

That's the neuroscientific basis for ____ remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite food can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or a photo ever could.

It's no accident that Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea ____.

That emotional pull may also explain why immigrants hold on to the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — even, ____ new religions.

____ binds ethnic groups together across generations and across oceans and national boundaries.

We so often use ____ as ethnic markers, with the treasures of one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

The French have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their ____ butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans called natto.

Education is a ____ good.

Possession of a university ____ indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a more valuable employee.

But when ____ education was accessible only to the social elite, possession of a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion of higher ____ following World War II, possession of a university degree no longer signals such exclusivity.

However, some institutions remain ____ mostly only to members of the social elite.

____ institutions, normally the oldest, and almost always the universities well established before the mass expansion of higher education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of these institutions are the ____ League in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as access to higher education expands, the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the ____ of graduating from a university but in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of ____, therefore, leads to overtly tiered systems, whatever their official designation by government.

From the windows of a space ____, astronauts cannot see state borders, political tensions, ideological differences, or social distinctions.

They cannot see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, ____ promises, or shattered expectations.

But they can discern the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless darkness and the shimmering ____ of green and blue that make up the planet Earth.

They can intuitively ____ the fragile balance and clear limitations of the atmosphere's closed system.

They can immediately recognise the human race's common destiny and the deeper meaning of words such as ____, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes ____ that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our planet's resources by taking from 'someone else' or 'something else'.

We can only take from one another — or from those who will come ____ us.

It becomes evident that it is only ____ collaboration and peaceful co-existence that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language ____ as fans of specific cultural content, are deeply embedded within the cultural context of their fandom community.

This particularly seems to be the trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a pairing of Millennials and Generation Z — ____ in language learning.

In England, ____ is great worry concerning the decline of foreign language learning at present.

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 to 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer A-level language entries in the 2023 academic ____ compared to 2022.

However, this does not mean that Gen MZ has no ____ in language learning.

On the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and large seem to be ____ from older generations.

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn foreign languages due to a love for the ____ and a desire to build international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all ____ learning everywhere around the world, but the trend seems to be clear in the age of social media.

The ____ for language and its use is of ancient origin.

Earliest forms of man had to ____ do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the mate, the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this manner restricted early hominids to a ____ existence.

As speech and language evolved, these visual categories could be captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns for later ____.

____ was responsible for making possible the common sharing of visual patterns, especially in relation to the rearing of the young.

The further development of speech led to the development of the facility to ____ categories of categories.

This, in ____, led to the assembly of categories into myths — a visual and verbal world.

It is ____ this world, or culture, that language as a tool for communication evolves.

However, a primary function of language was and continues to be that of categorization rather than simply ____.

In fact, it is the use of ____ to categorize the infinite multiplicity of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to categorize ____ experience into shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems like myth and culture.

Signals that assert dominance tend to be derived from ____ intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an upright posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention movement to ____ or is a subtly derived version of such a movement.

Thus, in monkeys and apes (including humans), we can read dominance status by ____ alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived from protective movements: the subordinate animal ____, hunches, or lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest dominance status or, more directly, ownership of a resource, ____ to have elements that one could call dishonest.

The false signaling of body size is ____ common.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that ____ them appear larger, and they often have physical structures to enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge crown of hair on ____ of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower legs.

One of the ____ threat postures is to face directly toward his opponent, with the head slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories greatly increase the male's apparent ____.

After the mating season, the males ____ most of the extra hair.

More rarely, animals succeed in transmitting false ____ about their abilities, as well as their size.

However, we ____ know of a few examples because, in contests, the assessment of rivals is usually thorough.