2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I have reviewed ____ February 9 letter and fully understand your concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant contribution to our journal, and I'm sorry we have ____ returned the favor.

____ work with a public relations firm that selects one or two articles from each issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your article did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to mistakenly believe that our journal had conducted ____ study.

We recognize the oversight and regret any confusion this may ____ caused.

The research results should have been clearly ____ to your organization.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ensure that proper ____ is made moving forward.

Again, ____ apologies.

Thank you for your understanding and for your ____ contribution.

The snowstorm covered everything. Emma ____ still, holding the leash in her hand.

"Max," she called, but ____ wind took her voice away.

He was gone. Her chest felt ____ and her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were ____ sounds, no pawprints — just white everywhere.

She called his name ____ and again, but nothing answered.

A terrible thought crept in: What if ____ gone forever?

____ felt like she had already lost him forever. Then, she heard a bark far off.

____ heart jumped. She turned around. Max was running to her through the snow.

Emma fell to her knees and opened her arms. Max jumped into her ____

She held him close, tears streaming as her fear ____ losing him melted away.

He was safe. He was ____ They were together again.

There is a perception that there is a ____ language of science and research that has an idiosyncratic style that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, it makes them uncertain about ____ words together to get started.

Fortunately, the perception ____ scientific writing as a stiff, formal and difficult medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is easy to unearth examples ____ stiff, formal and difficult writing in the scientific journals.

Not ____ these examples are usually in articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, clear English — nothing ____ nothing less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific writing ____ specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms and expressions.

In view of the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, you must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these should be ____ simple as you can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink ____ grow, sprout leaves and shed them, bring forth seeds and scatter them, and in the end die.

Like plants, animals transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are marked ____ from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish and worms for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those ____ higher animals show them to be aware of others as possible.

As Stephen Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate wheat from sand by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of ____ to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

____ Vegas, what happens in the university doesn't stay in the university.

Universities are cultural centers, research ____ and halls of education.

University culture leaks out into the ____ culture almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, productions, and outreach programs, and are thereby influenced by its ____

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of ____ production — just compare other research centers connected to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to help identify which statements, ideas, and ____ we can trust.

Universities then transmit both information and intellectual culture to ____

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who will later go into the professions, head industries, establish ____ produce media, and shape public policy.

____ right, universities are invaluable.

Done wrong, they are a means ____ harmful cultural indoctrination without equal.

Philosophy doesn't ____ seek knowledge; it tries to find the meaning and relevance of that knowledge.

It seeks not just an understanding of what we are and what the world is, but ____ understanding of why things are the way they are, what difference it makes, and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all other fields of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea ____ science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, which can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, still ____ the realm of philosophy.

Immersive theatre dates back to the Middle Ages with a call ____ response.

The players would call out something and expect the audience to ____

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, a form that takes audiences to all kinds ____ places, both physical and emotional.

A recent example of ____ near-legendary immersive theater production, often referenced by storytellers in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and receive a mask, and then are taken into an elevator and let out on one of the multiple floors within ____ performance space.

The location is designed as a ____ and becomes a character in and of itself.

Once they arrive on their floor, the audience is free to roam ____ explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and audience members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member if they ____ that or not.

The entire story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see every moment of the play ____ one go.

Therefore, every audience member's experience is ____ with infinite possibilities of how to engage with the experience.

Althea Gibson was ____ in Silver, South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New York City.

Gibson was given her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who introduced ____ to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, did ____ have many tennis courts, so she had to practice on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first prize ____ a tournament sponsored by the American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two African American medical doctors who were interested in promoting African American tennis players became her ____

They provided her with the moral and financial support to compete at the highest ____ of tennis.

____ age 23, Gibson became the first African American to compete at the U.S. National Championships.

In 1957, she ____ both the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, London.

In ____ she took her place in the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Male parental investment ____ generally pretty low for mammals as a class of animals.

Human males, however, tend to ____ this trend.

Men from all cultures studied invest in their children by providing food and protection and through ____

Interestingly, how much direct time ____ spend with their offspring varies quite considerably between cultures.

One study, which looked at 186 different cultures, uncovered ____ surprising trend.

____ cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly more time and effort to child-rearing than in other societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to the fact that men in societies which have developed ____ (and industry later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast majority of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of men spending relatively little of their time with their children is a recent ____

Alternatively, it might also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, ____ also contribute to the survival of their children.

Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's feelings or emotions at work according ____ the emotional requirements of the situation.

Emotional labor involves closing the gap between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for ____ colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor has two dimensions: surface acting and ____ acting.

In ____ acting, a person acts in a particular way without experiencing the emotion.

This is done by modifying facial expressions and ____ pose to express an emotion that is not felt.

A leader ____ smile and pat an employee on the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions such as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting typically ____ across as inauthentic.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are more appropriate to the situation, producing a more ____ emotional response.

Deep acting involves an active ____ to modify one's emotions.

A leader often must draw on qualities deep within ____ manage negative emotions and shift toward more positive ones.

One thing that failure strips us of is a feeling that ____ might be 'good' people.

This might indicate that we must therefore be 'bad', but the reality ____ more complicated.

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people ____ know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, apology, and gentleness — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It seems one cannot ____ be a good person and at the same time feel blameless or pure inside.

Goodness is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ____ awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ignorant of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression that one hasn't got the right to ____ oneself above suspicion does one come anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea that one might be a monster — combined with a fundamental ____ about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is ____ bedrock of virtue — and all this comes easily to the failed.

The fundamental dilemma of computer security ____ how people want security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training users have ____ been unsuccessful.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to make better choices, it is ____ to simply reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they do not worry that pushing the wrong ____ will send them plummeting to their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate ____ and not require the user to make decisions that can endanger themselves and others.

A famous ____ company embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure by design and secure by default.”

In recent years, the company has ____ to lead the way by making the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses one of those computers, the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no ____ presented.

What is considered to be a major distinction between art and ____ — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon closer inspection.

Art often depicts the outer world along with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, provides abundant indications that objectivity ____ a goal that can never be completely realized.

____ and objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum along which art and science approach each other.

This suggests that the underlying cognitive processes ____ in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by creativity studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive point of view, the differences [between art and science] are ____

Newton defined ____ scientific enterprise as the search for a small number of mathematical laws from which one could deduce observed regularities in nature.

His domain was the ____ of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed how his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of explanation, we will take ____ law of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how gravity worked; to them, action at a distance between two ____ smacked of magic.

Newton, however, replied, "Hypotheses ____ fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton ____ in other words, to explain his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate a force from which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern what is friend and what ____ enemy, either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains quietly vigilant, like a muscular guard, admitting ____ good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But when the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard ____ overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when opportunistic bad ____ make their move.

These troublemakers take advantage ____ our impaired immunity and find their way in.

Flavor pulls on ____ brains in subtle but powerful ways.

When odor ____ — the most important component of flavor — enters the brain, it goes directly to the ancient parts of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex until ____ stops later.

That's the neuroscientific basis ____ flavor's remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite food can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or a photo ever could.

It's no accident that Marcel ____ seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea cake.

That emotional pull may also explain ____ immigrants hold on to the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — even, sometimes new religions.

Food binds ethnic groups together across generations and ____ oceans and national boundaries.

We so often use flavors as ethnic markers, with the treasures ____ one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

The French have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented ____ called natto.

Education is a ____ good.

Possession of a university qualification indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a ____ valuable employee.

But when university education was accessible only to the social elite, possession of a ____ qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion of higher education following World War II, possession of a university degree no ____ signals such exclusivity.

However, some institutions remain accessible mostly only ____ members of the social elite.

These institutions, normally the oldest, and almost always the universities well established before the mass expansion of ____ education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of these institutions are the Ivy League in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' ____ Australia.

So, as access to higher education expands, the ____ for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the fact of graduating from a university but in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, therefore, leads to ____ tiered systems, whatever their official designation by government.

From the windows of a space capsule, astronauts cannot see state borders, political tensions, ideological differences, or social ____

They cannot see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, ____ shattered expectations.

But they can discern the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless darkness and the shimmering fields of green and blue that make up ____ planet Earth.

They can intuitively grasp the fragile balance and clear limitations of the atmosphere's ____ system.

They can immediately recognise the human ____ common destiny and the deeper meaning of words such as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible ____ compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our planet's resources by taking from 'someone else' or 'something else'.

We can only take from one another ____ or from those who will come after us.

It becomes evident that it is only through collaboration and peaceful ____ that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning as fans of specific cultural content, are deeply embedded within the cultural context of ____ fandom community.

This particularly seems to be the trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a pairing of Millennials and ____ Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is great worry concerning the decline of foreign language learning at ____

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 ____ 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer A-level language entries in the 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does not mean that Gen ____ has no interest in language learning.

On the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and large seem to be ____ from older generations.

Most of ____ MZ seem to learn foreign languages due to a love for the culture and a desire to build international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all language learning everywhere around the ____ but the trend seems to be clear in the age of social media.

____ need for language and its use is of ancient origin.

Earliest forms of ____ had to make do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the mate, the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this manner restricted early hominids to a ____ existence.

As speech and language evolved, these visual categories could ____ captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns for later use.

Speech ____ responsible for making possible the common sharing of visual patterns, especially in relation to the rearing of the young.

The further development of speech led to the development of the facility to create ____ of categories.

This, in time, led to the assembly ____ categories into myths — a visual and verbal world.

It is within this world, or culture, that language as ____ tool for communication evolves.

However, a primary function of language was and continues to be that of categorization rather than simply ____

In fact, it is the use of language to categorize the infinite multiplicity of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and ____ that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to categorize sensory experience into shared, structured units, enabling not ____ communication but also the development of symbolic systems like myth and culture.

Signals ____ assert dominance tend to be derived from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes ____ upright posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention movement to strike or is a subtly derived version of such a movement.

Thus, in monkeys ____ apes (including humans), we can read dominance status by posture alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived from ____ movements: the subordinate animal crouches, hunches, or lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, ____ animals contest dominance status or, more directly, ownership of a resource, tends to have elements that one could call dishonest.

The ____ signaling of body size is very common.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that make them appear ____ and they often have physical structures to enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge crown of hair on top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower ____

One of the male threat postures is to face directly toward his opponent, with the ____ slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories greatly ____ the male's apparent size.

After the mating season, ____ males lose most of the extra hair.

More rarely, animals succeed in transmitting false information about their abilities, as well ____ their size.

However, ____ only know of a few examples because, in contests, the assessment of rivals is usually thorough.