2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I have reviewed your February 9 ____ and fully understand your concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant contribution to our journal, and I'm sorry we ____ not returned the favor.

We work with a public relations firm that selects ____ or two articles from each issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the ____ release based on your article did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to mistakenly believe that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the ____ and regret any confusion this may have caused.

The research results should have been clearly credited to your ____.

We have since addressed this ____ with the PR firm to ensure that proper attribution is made moving forward.

Again, my ____.

Thank you for your understanding and for your outstanding ____.

The snowstorm covered everything. Emma ____ still, holding the leash in her hand.

"Max," she called, but the wind took her voice ____.

He was gone. Her chest felt ____, and her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints — ____ white everywhere.

She called his ____ again and again, but nothing answered.

A terrible thought crept in: What if he's gone ____?

It felt like she had already lost him forever. Then, she heard a bark far ____.

Her ____ jumped. She turned around. Max was running to her through the snow.

Emma fell to her knees and opened her ____. Max jumped into her arms.

She held him close, tears streaming as her fear of losing ____ melted away.

He was safe. He was ____. They were together again.

There is a perception that there is a distinct language of science and research that has an idiosyncratic style that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we ____ communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, it makes them uncertain about getting ____ together to get started.

Fortunately, the perception of scientific writing as a stiff, formal and ____ medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is easy to unearth examples of ____, formal and difficult writing in the scientific journals.

Not surprisingly, ____ examples are usually in articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, clear English — nothing more, ____ less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific writing contain specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, ____ terms and expressions.

In view of the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, ____ must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these should be as simple as you can make them.

Plants have ____. They sink roots, grow, sprout leaves and shed them, bring forth seeds and scatter them, and in the end die.

____ plants, animals transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are marked off from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to ____ they sense, of shellfish and worms for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher animals show them to be aware of others as possible.

As ____ Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate wheat from sand by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

Unlike Vegas, ____ happens in the university doesn't stay in the university.

Universities are ____ centers, research institutes, and halls of education.

University culture leaks out ____ the broader culture almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, productions, and outreach programs, and are thereby influenced by ____ culture.

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of knowledge production — just compare other research centers ____ to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to help identify which statements, ideas, and ____ we can trust.

Universities then transmit both ____ and intellectual culture to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who will later go ____ the professions, head industries, establish charities, produce media, and shape public policy.

____ right, universities are invaluable.

Done wrong, they are a ____ of harmful cultural indoctrination without equal.

Philosophy doesn't just seek ____; it tries to find the meaning and relevance of that knowledge.

It seeks not just an understanding of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding of why things are the way they are, what ____ it makes, and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all other ____ of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea of science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds ____ for psychology, which can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, still within the realm of philosophy.

Immersive theatre dates ____ to the Middle Ages with a call and response.

The players would call out ____ and expect the audience to answer.

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory ____, a form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both physical and emotional.

A recent example of a near-legendary immersive theater production, often referenced by ____ in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and receive a mask, and then are taken into an elevator and let out on ____ of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The ____ is designed as a hotel and becomes a character in and of itself.

Once they arrive on their ____, the audience is free to roam and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and audience members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member if they do that or ____.

The ____ story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see every moment of the play in one go.

Therefore, every audience member's experience is unique, with infinite ____ of how to engage with the experience.

____ Gibson was born in Silver, South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New York City.

Gibson was given her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, ____ introduced her to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, did not have many tennis courts, so she had to ____ on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first prize in a ____ sponsored by the American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two African American medical doctors who were interested in ____ African American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the moral and financial ____ to compete at the highest level of tennis.

At age 23, Gibson became the first African American to ____ at the U.S. National Championships.

In 1957, she won both the singles and doubles championships at ____, London.

In 1971, she took her ____ in the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

Male ____ investment is generally pretty low for mammals as a class of animals.

Human ____, however, tend to buck this trend.

____ from all cultures studied invest in their children by providing food and protection and through teaching.

Interestingly, how much direct time fathers spend with their offspring varies quite ____ between cultures.

One study, which looked at ____ different cultures, uncovered a surprising trend.

Although cross-culturally all men ____ for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly more time and effort to child-rearing than in other societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to the fact that men in societies which have developed agriculture (and ____ later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast ____ of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of men spending relatively little of their time with their children is a recent phenomenon.

____, it might also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, men also contribute to the survival of their children.

Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's feelings or emotions at ____ according to the emotional requirements of the situation.

Emotional labor ____ closing the gap between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor has two dimensions: surface acting and deep ____.

In surface acting, a person acts in a particular way without experiencing the ____.

This is done by modifying facial expressions and body pose to express an ____ that is not felt.

A leader might smile and pat an employee on the back, for example, without ____ feeling emotions such as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting typically comes ____ as inauthentic.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are ____ appropriate to the situation, producing a more genuine emotional response.

____ acting involves an active effort to modify one's emotions.

A ____ often must draw on qualities deep within to manage negative emotions and shift toward more positive ones.

____ thing that failure strips us of is a feeling that we might be 'good' people.

This might ____ that we must therefore be 'bad', but the reality is more complicated.

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people who know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, ____, apology, and gentleness — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It seems one cannot both be a good person and at the same ____ feel blameless or pure inside.

Goodness is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ongoing ____ of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ignorant of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression that one hasn't got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does ____ come anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea that ____ might be a monster — combined with a fundamental hesitation about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is the bedrock of ____ — and all this comes easily to the failed.

The fundamental dilemma of computer security ____ how people want security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training users have largely been ____.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to make better choices, it is better to ____ reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they do not worry that pushing the ____ button will send them plummeting to their death.

A technology should ____ only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and not require the user to make decisions that can endanger themselves and others.

A famous IT company embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “____ by design and secure by default.”

In recent years, the company has continued to lead the way by ____ the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses ____ of those computers, the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no longer presented.

What is considered to be a major distinction between ____ and science — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon closer inspection.

Art often depicts the outer world along with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, ____ abundant indications that objectivity is a goal that can never be completely realized.

Subjective and objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum along which art and science ____ each other.

This suggests that the underlying cognitive processes involved in art and science are ____ similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by creativity studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive point of view, the differences [____ art and science] are superficial'.

Newton defined his scientific enterprise as the search for a small number of mathematical laws from which one could deduce ____ regularities in nature.

His domain was the physics of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed how his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar ____.

As an example of the ____ style of explanation, we will take the law of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how gravity ____; to them, action at a distance between two objects smacked of magic.

Newton, however, replied, "____ non fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, in other words, to explain his principle of gravity; for ____, it was sufficient to postulate a force from which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern what is friend and what is enemy, either welcoming or expelling ____, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains quietly vigilant, ____ a muscular guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But when the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly ____ ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when ____ bad bacteria make their move.

These troublemakers take advantage of our impaired immunity and ____ their way in.

Flavor ____ on our brains in subtle but powerful ways.

When odor information — the most important component of flavor — enters the brain, it goes directly to the ancient ____ of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex ____ several stops later.

That's the neuroscientific basis for flavor's remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite food ____ transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or a photo ever could.

It's no accident that Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things ____ was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea cake.

That emotional pull may also explain why immigrants hold on to the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — ____, sometimes new religions.

Food binds ethnic groups together across generations and ____ oceans and national boundaries.

We so often use flavors as ethnic markers, with the ____ of one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

The French have their ____ cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans called natto.

____ is a positional good.

____ of a university qualification indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a more valuable employee.

But when university education was accessible only to the social ____, possession of a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion of higher education following World War II, possession of a university degree no longer signals ____ exclusivity.

____, some institutions remain accessible mostly only to members of the social elite.

These ____, normally the oldest, and almost always the universities well established before the mass expansion of higher education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of ____ institutions are the Ivy League in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as ____ to higher education expands, the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the fact of graduating from a university but in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, therefore, leads to overtly tiered systems, whatever their official designation by ____.

From the windows of a space capsule, astronauts ____ see state borders, political tensions, ideological differences, or social distinctions.

They cannot see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, or shattered ____.

But they can ____ the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless darkness and the shimmering fields of green and blue that make up the planet Earth.

They can intuitively grasp the ____ balance and clear limitations of the atmosphere's closed system.

They can immediately recognise the human race's common ____ and the deeper meaning of words such as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our planet's resources by taking ____ 'someone else' or 'something else'.

We ____ only take from one another — or from those who will come after us.

It becomes evident that it is ____ through collaboration and peaceful co-existence that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning as fans of specific cultural content, are ____ embedded within the cultural context of their fandom community.

This particularly seems to be the trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a pairing of ____ and Generation Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is great worry concerning the decline of foreign ____ learning at present.

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly ____ from 1996 to 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer A-level language entries in the 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does not mean that Gen MZ ____ no interest in language learning.

On the contrary, Gen MZ's ____ learning motivators by and large seem to be different from older generations.

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn foreign languages due to a love for the culture and a desire to build ____ friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all language learning everywhere around the world, but the trend ____ to be clear in the age of social media.

The need for language and its use is of ancient ____.

Earliest forms of man had to make do with the recognition of ____ categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the mate, the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming ____" in this manner restricted early hominids to a day-by-day existence.

As speech and language evolved, these visual categories could be captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns for ____ use.

Speech was responsible for making possible the common sharing of visual patterns, ____ in relation to the rearing of the young.

The ____ development of speech led to the development of the facility to create categories of categories.

This, in time, ____ to the assembly of categories into myths — a visual and verbal world.

It is within this world, or culture, that language as a tool for communication ____.

However, a primary function of language was and continues to be that of categorization ____ than simply communication.

In fact, it is the use of language to ____ the infinite multiplicity of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to categorize sensory experience into shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems like ____ and culture.

Signals that assert dominance tend to be ____ from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an upright posture, facing ____ toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention movement to strike or is a subtly derived version of such a movement.

Thus, in monkeys and apes (including humans), we can read dominance status by ____ alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived from protective movements: the subordinate animal crouches, hunches, or ____ the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest ____ status or, more directly, ownership of a resource, tends to have elements that one could call dishonest.

The false ____ of body size is very common.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that make them appear ____, and they often have physical structures to enhance the illusion.

For example, ____ bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge crown of hair on top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower legs.

One of the male threat postures is to face ____ toward his opponent, with the head slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories greatly increase the male's ____ size.

____ the mating season, the males lose most of the extra hair.

More rarely, animals succeed in transmitting false information about their abilities, as well as their ____.

However, we only know of a few examples because, in contests, the ____ of rivals is usually thorough.