2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I have ____ your February 9 letter and fully understand your concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant contribution to our ____ and I'm sorry we have not returned the favor.

We work with a public relations firm that selects one ____ two articles from each issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your ____ did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to mistakenly believe that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the oversight and regret ____ confusion this may have caused.

The research results should have been ____ credited to your organization.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ensure that proper ____ is made moving forward.

Again, my ____

Thank ____ for your understanding and for your outstanding contribution.

The snowstorm covered everything. Emma stood still, holding the leash in ____ hand.

"Max," she called, ____ the wind took her voice away.

He was gone. Her chest felt ____ and her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints — ____ white everywhere.

____ called his name again and again, but nothing answered.

A terrible thought ____ in: What if he's gone forever?

It felt like she had already lost him forever. Then, she heard ____ bark far off.

Her heart jumped. She turned around. Max was running to her through ____ snow.

____ fell to her knees and opened her arms. Max jumped into her arms.

She held him close, tears streaming as her fear ____ losing him melted away.

He was safe. He was back. They were together ____

____ is a perception that there is a distinct language of science and research that has an idiosyncratic style that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, it makes them uncertain about getting words ____ to get started.

Fortunately, the perception of scientific writing as a stiff, formal and difficult medium is ____ illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is easy to unearth examples of ____ formal and difficult writing in the scientific journals.

Not ____ these examples are usually in articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, ____ English — nothing more, nothing less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific writing ____ specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms and expressions.

In view ____ the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, you must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these should be as simple as you can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink roots, grow, sprout leaves and shed them, bring forth seeds and scatter them, and ____ the end die.

Like plants, ____ transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are marked off from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish ____ worms for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher animals show them to be aware of others as possible.

As Stephen Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate wheat from sand by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to ____

Unlike Vegas, what happens in the university doesn't stay ____ the university.

Universities ____ cultural centers, research institutes, and halls of education.

University ____ leaks out into the broader culture almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, productions, and outreach programs, and are thereby influenced by its ____

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of knowledge production — just compare other ____ centers connected to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to ____ identify which statements, ideas, and values we can trust.

Universities then transmit ____ information and intellectual culture to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who will later go into the professions, head industries, establish charities, ____ media, and shape public policy.

Done ____ universities are invaluable.

____ wrong, they are a means of harmful cultural indoctrination without equal.

Philosophy doesn't just seek knowledge; it tries to ____ the meaning and relevance of that knowledge.

It seeks not just an understanding of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding of why things are the way they are, what difference it ____ and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother ____ all other fields of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea of science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, which can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but ____ short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, still within the realm of philosophy.

Immersive theatre dates back to the Middle ____ with a call and response.

____ players would call out something and expect the audience to answer.

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, a form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both ____ and emotional.

A recent example of a near-legendary immersive theater production, often ____ by storytellers in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and receive ____ mask, and then are taken into an elevator and let out on one of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The location is designed as a hotel and becomes a character in and of ____

Once they arrive on ____ floor, the audience is free to roam and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and ____ members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member if they do that or not.

The entire story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see every moment of ____ play in one go.

Therefore, every audience member's experience is unique, with ____ possibilities of how to engage with the experience.

Althea Gibson was born in Silver, South Carolina and grew ____ in Harlem, New York City.

Gibson was ____ her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who introduced her to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, ____ not have many tennis courts, so she had to practice on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first prize in a tournament sponsored ____ the American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two African American medical doctors who were interested in promoting ____ American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the moral and financial support to compete at the highest ____ of tennis.

____ age 23, Gibson became the first African American to compete at the U.S. National Championships.

In ____ she won both the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, London.

In 1971, she took her place in the International Tennis Hall of ____

Male parental investment is generally pretty ____ for mammals as a class of animals.

Human males, however, ____ to buck this trend.

Men from all cultures studied invest in their children by providing food and protection ____ through teaching.

Interestingly, ____ much direct time fathers spend with their offspring varies quite considerably between cultures.

One study, which looked ____ 186 different cultures, uncovered a surprising trend.

Although cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly more time and effort to child-rearing than in other ____ (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to the fact that men in societies which have developed agriculture (and industry later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than ____ in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast majority of ____ Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of men spending relatively little of their time with their children is a recent phenomenon.

Alternatively, it might also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, men also contribute ____ the survival of their children.

Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's feelings or emotions at ____ according to the emotional requirements of the situation.

Emotional labor involves closing the ____ between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor ____ two dimensions: surface acting and deep acting.

In surface acting, ____ person acts in a particular way without experiencing the emotion.

This ____ done by modifying facial expressions and body pose to express an emotion that is not felt.

A leader might smile and pat an employee on the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions ____ as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

____ acting typically comes across as inauthentic.

Deep acting, ____ contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are more appropriate to the situation, producing a more genuine emotional response.

Deep acting involves an active effort ____ modify one's emotions.

A leader often must draw on qualities deep within to manage negative emotions and ____ toward more positive ones.

One thing that failure strips us of is a ____ that we might be 'good' people.

This might indicate that we must therefore ____ 'bad', but the reality is more complicated.

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people ____ know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, apology, and gentleness — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It ____ one cannot both be a good person and at the same time feel blameless or pure inside.

____ is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ongoing awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ignorant of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, ____ impression that one hasn't got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does one come anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea ____ one might be a monster — combined with a fundamental hesitation about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is the bedrock of virtue — and all this comes ____ to the failed.

The fundamental dilemma ____ computer security describes how people want security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training users ____ largely been unsuccessful.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to make better choices, it ____ better to simply reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they do not worry that pushing the wrong button will send them plummeting ____ their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and ____ require the user to make decisions that can endanger themselves and others.

A famous IT company embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure by design and secure ____ default.”

In recent years, the company has continued to lead the way ____ making the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses one ____ those computers, the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no longer presented.

What is considered to be a major distinction between art and science — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur ____ closer inspection.

Art often depicts the outer world along with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, provides abundant indications that objectivity is a ____ that can never be completely realized.

____ and objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum along which art and science approach each other.

This suggests that the underlying cognitive processes involved in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by creativity studies and by ____ efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience ____ artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive point of view, the differences [between art and science] are superficial'.

Newton ____ his scientific enterprise as the search for a small number of mathematical laws from which one could deduce observed regularities in nature.

His domain was ____ physics of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed how his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of ____ we will take the law of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how ____ worked; to them, action at a distance between two objects smacked of magic.

Newton, however, replied, ____ non fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, in other words, to ____ his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate a force from which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern what is friend ____ what is enemy, either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

____ healthy immune system remains quietly vigilant, like a muscular guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But when the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our ____ are weakened.

____ when opportunistic bad bacteria make their move.

____ troublemakers take advantage of our impaired immunity and find their way in.

Flavor pulls on our ____ in subtle but powerful ways.

When odor information — the most important component of flavor — enters the ____ it goes directly to the ancient parts of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex ____ several stops later.

That's the ____ basis for flavor's remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite food can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or a photo ever could.

It's no accident that Marcel Proust's ____ Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea cake.

That emotional pull may ____ explain why immigrants hold on to the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — even, sometimes new religions.

Food binds ethnic groups together across generations and ____ oceans and national boundaries.

We so often use flavors as ____ markers, with the treasures of one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

____ French have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans called natto.

Education ____ a positional good.

Possession of a university qualification indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a more valuable ____

But when university education was accessible only to the social ____ possession of a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion of higher education following World War II, possession of a university degree no longer signals such ____

However, some institutions remain accessible mostly only ____ members of the social elite.

These institutions, normally the oldest, and ____ always the universities well established before the mass expansion of higher education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of these institutions are ____ Ivy League in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as access to higher education expands, the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the fact of graduating from a university ____ in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, ____ leads to overtly tiered systems, whatever their official designation by government.

From the windows of a space ____ astronauts cannot see state borders, political tensions, ideological differences, or social distinctions.

They cannot see people falling in love, building ____ or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, or shattered expectations.

But they can discern the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless ____ and the shimmering fields of green and blue that make up the planet Earth.

____ can intuitively grasp the fragile balance and clear limitations of the atmosphere's closed system.

They can immediately recognise the human race's common destiny and the deeper meaning of words ____ as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our planet's resources ____ taking from 'someone else' or 'something else'.

We can only take from one another — or from ____ who will come after us.

It becomes evident that it is only through collaboration and ____ co-existence that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning as fans of specific cultural content, are deeply embedded within ____ cultural context of their fandom community.

This particularly seems to be ____ trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a pairing of Millennials and Generation Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is great worry concerning the decline of foreign ____ learning at present.

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 to 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer A-level language entries in ____ 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does not mean that ____ MZ has no interest in language learning.

On the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and large seem to be different from older ____

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn foreign languages due to a love for the culture and a desire to ____ international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all language learning everywhere around the world, but the trend seems ____ be clear in the age of social media.

The need for language ____ its use is of ancient origin.

Earliest forms of man had to make do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the ____ the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this manner restricted early hominids to a day-by-day ____

As speech and language evolved, ____ visual categories could be captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns for later use.

Speech was responsible for making possible the common sharing of visual patterns, especially in relation to the rearing ____ the young.

The further development of speech led to the development of the facility to create categories ____ categories.

This, ____ time, led to the assembly of categories into myths — a visual and verbal world.

It is within this world, or culture, that language as a tool for ____ evolves.

However, a primary function of language was ____ continues to be that of categorization rather than simply communication.

In fact, it is the use of ____ to categorize the infinite multiplicity of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language ____ to categorize sensory experience into shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems like myth and culture.

____ that assert dominance tend to be derived from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an ____ posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention movement to strike or is a subtly derived version of such a movement.

____ in monkeys and apes (including humans), we can read dominance status by posture alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived from protective movements: the subordinate animal ____ hunches, or lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest dominance status or, more directly, ownership of a resource, tends to have elements that one could call ____

The false signaling of body size ____ very common.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that make them appear larger, and they often have ____ structures to enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge crown of hair ____ top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower legs.

One of the male threat postures is ____ face directly toward his opponent, with the head slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories greatly increase the ____ apparent size.

After the mating ____ the males lose most of the extra hair.

____ rarely, animals succeed in transmitting false information about their abilities, as well as their size.

However, we ____ know of a few examples because, in contests, the assessment of rivals is usually thorough.