2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I have reviewed ____ February 9 letter and fully understand your concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant contribution to our journal, and I'm sorry we have ____ returned the favor.

We ____ with a public relations firm that selects one or two articles from each issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your article did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to ____ believe that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the oversight and regret any confusion ____ may have caused.

The research results should ____ been clearly credited to your organization.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ____ that proper attribution is made moving forward.

Again, ____ apologies.

Thank you for your understanding and ____ your outstanding contribution.

The ____ covered everything. Emma stood still, holding the leash in her hand.

"Max," she ____ but the wind took her voice away.

He was gone. Her chest felt heavy, and her fingers trembled on ____ leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints ____ just white everywhere.

She ____ his name again and again, but nothing answered.

A terrible thought crept in: What if he's gone ____

____ felt like she had already lost him forever. Then, she heard a bark far off.

Her heart jumped. She ____ around. Max was running to her through the snow.

Emma fell to her knees and opened her arms. ____ jumped into her arms.

She held him close, tears ____ as her fear of losing him melted away.

He was safe. He was back. They ____ together again.

There is a perception that there is a distinct language of science and research that has ____ idiosyncratic style that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is ____ to most people, it makes them uncertain about getting words together to get started.

Fortunately, the perception ____ scientific writing as a stiff, formal and difficult medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is easy to unearth examples of ____ formal and difficult writing in the scientific journals.

Not surprisingly, these ____ are usually in articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, clear ____ — nothing more, nothing less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific writing contain specific, ____ complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms and expressions.

In view of the requirement to be ____ in scientific writing, you must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these should be as simple as you can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink roots, grow, sprout leaves and shed them, bring forth seeds and scatter them, and ____ the end die.

Like plants, animals transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are marked off from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of ____ and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses ____ the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish and worms for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher animals show them to be aware of others as possible.

As Stephen Clark points out, 'the ____ who found out how to separate wheat from sand by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

Unlike Vegas, what ____ in the university doesn't stay in the university.

Universities are cultural ____ research institutes, and halls of education.

University culture ____ out into the broader culture almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, productions, and outreach programs, and are thereby ____ by its culture.

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, ____ of knowledge production — just compare other research centers connected to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to help identify ____ statements, ideas, and values we can trust.

____ then transmit both information and intellectual culture to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who will later go into the professions, head industries, establish charities, produce media, and shape ____ policy.

Done right, universities ____ invaluable.

Done ____ they are a means of harmful cultural indoctrination without equal.

Philosophy doesn't just seek knowledge; it tries to find the meaning ____ relevance of that knowledge.

It seeks not just an understanding of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding ____ why things are the way they are, what difference it makes, and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all other fields of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea of science, for example, and continues to ask the ____ that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, which can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, ____ within the realm of philosophy.

____ theatre dates back to the Middle Ages with a call and response.

The players would call out something and expect the ____ to answer.

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, ____ form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both physical and emotional.

A recent example of a near-legendary immersive theater production, often referenced by storytellers in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of ____

Audience members enter and receive ____ mask, and then are taken into an elevator and let out on one of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The location is ____ as a hotel and becomes a character in and of itself.

Once they ____ on their floor, the audience is free to roam and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and audience members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member if they do that ____ not.

The entire story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see every moment of the ____ in one go.

Therefore, every audience member's experience is unique, with infinite possibilities of how to engage ____ the experience.

Althea Gibson was born ____ Silver, South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New York City.

Gibson was given her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who introduced ____ to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where ____ lived, did not have many tennis courts, so she had to practice on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first prize in a tournament sponsored by the American ____ Association.

She played so well that two African American medical doctors who were interested in ____ African American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the ____ and financial support to compete at the highest level of tennis.

At age 23, Gibson became the first African American ____ compete at the U.S. National Championships.

In 1957, she won both the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, ____

In 1971, she took her place in the ____ Tennis Hall of Fame.

Male parental investment is generally pretty low for mammals as a class of ____

Human males, however, tend to buck this ____

Men from all cultures studied invest in their children by providing food ____ protection and through teaching.

Interestingly, how much direct time fathers spend with their offspring ____ quite considerably between cultures.

One ____ which looked at 186 different cultures, uncovered a surprising trend.

Although cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly more time and ____ to child-rearing than in other societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may ____ surprising but is probably related to the fact that men in societies which have developed agriculture (and industry later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast majority of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of men spending relatively little of their time with their ____ is a recent phenomenon.

Alternatively, it might also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, men also contribute to the ____ of their children.

Emotional labor refers to the effort ____ to manage one's feelings or emotions at work according to the emotional requirements of the situation.

____ labor involves closing the gap between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor has ____ dimensions: surface acting and deep acting.

In surface acting, ____ person acts in a particular way without experiencing the emotion.

This is done by modifying facial expressions and body pose to express an emotion that ____ not felt.

A leader might ____ and pat an employee on the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions such as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting typically comes across ____ inauthentic.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are more ____ to the situation, producing a more genuine emotional response.

Deep acting involves an active effort to modify one's ____

A leader often must draw on qualities deep within to manage negative emotions and shift ____ more positive ones.

One thing that failure strips ____ of is a feeling that we might be 'good' people.

This might indicate that we must therefore ____ 'bad', but the reality is more complicated.

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people who know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, apology, and ____ — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It seems ____ cannot both be a good person and at the same time feel blameless or pure inside.

Goodness is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ongoing awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ignorant of the legitimate needs ____ others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression that one hasn't got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does one come anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits ____ title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea that one might be a ____ — combined with a fundamental hesitation about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is the bedrock of virtue — and all this comes easily to the ____

The fundamental dilemma of computer security describes how people want ____ but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve ____ fundamental dilemma by training users have largely been unsuccessful.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to make better choices, it is ____ to simply reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they do not worry that ____ the wrong button will send them plummeting to their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and not require the user to make decisions ____ can endanger themselves and others.

A famous IT company embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure ____ design and secure by default.”

In ____ years, the company has continued to lead the way by making the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses one of those ____ the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no longer presented.

What is ____ to be a major distinction between art and science — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon closer inspection.

Art often depicts the outer world ____ with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, provides abundant indications that objectivity is a goal that can never be completely realized.

Subjective and objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum along which art and ____ approach each other.

This suggests that the underlying cognitive processes involved in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by ____ studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial ____ Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive point of view, the differences [between art and science] are superficial'.

Newton defined his scientific ____ as the search for a small number of mathematical laws from which one could deduce observed regularities in nature.

His domain was the physics of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed ____ his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of explanation, we will take the law of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional ____ the square of the distance between them.

____ was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how gravity worked; to them, action at a distance between two objects smacked of magic.

Newton, ____ replied, "Hypotheses non fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, in other words, to explain his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate a force ____ which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern what is ____ and what is enemy, either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains quietly ____ like a muscular guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But when the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, ____ other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when opportunistic bad bacteria make ____ move.

These troublemakers take advantage of our impaired ____ and find their way in.

Flavor pulls ____ our brains in subtle but powerful ways.

When odor ____ — the most important component of flavor — enters the brain, it goes directly to the ancient parts of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex until several ____ later.

That's the neuroscientific basis for flavor's remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite food can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than ____ song or a photo ever could.

____ no accident that Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea cake.

That emotional pull may also explain why immigrants hold on ____ the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — even, sometimes new religions.

Food binds ethnic groups together across generations and across oceans and ____ boundaries.

We so often use flavors as ethnic ____ with the treasures of one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

____ French have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans called natto.

Education is a ____ good.

Possession ____ a university qualification indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a more valuable employee.

But when university education was accessible only to the social elite, possession of a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, ____ had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion ____ higher education following World War II, possession of a university degree no longer signals such exclusivity.

However, some institutions remain accessible mostly only ____ members of the social elite.

These institutions, normally the ____ and almost always the universities well established before the mass expansion of higher education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of these institutions are the Ivy League in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the ____ and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as access to higher education expands, the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the ____ of graduating from a university but in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, therefore, leads to overtly tiered ____ whatever their official designation by government.

From the windows of a space capsule, astronauts cannot see state borders, ____ tensions, ideological differences, or social distinctions.

____ cannot see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, or shattered expectations.

But they can discern the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless darkness and the ____ fields of green and blue that make up the planet Earth.

They can intuitively grasp the fragile balance and clear limitations of ____ atmosphere's closed system.

They can immediately recognise the human race's common destiny and the deeper meaning of words ____ as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of ____ and overconsumption of our planet's resources by taking from 'someone else' or 'something else'.

We can only take from one another — or from those who will come ____ us.

It becomes evident that it is only through collaboration and peaceful co-existence that we can take ____ of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning ____ fans of specific cultural content, are deeply embedded within the cultural context of their fandom community.

____ particularly seems to be the trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a pairing of Millennials and Generation Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is great worry concerning the decline of ____ language learning at present.

____ in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 to 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer A-level language entries in the 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does not mean that Gen MZ has no ____ in language learning.

On the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and large seem to be different ____ older generations.

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn foreign languages due to a love ____ the culture and a desire to build international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all language learning everywhere around the world, but the trend seems to be clear in the ____ of social media.

The need for language and its use is of ancient ____

Earliest forms of man had to make do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the mate, ____ enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this manner restricted early hominids ____ a day-by-day existence.

As speech and language evolved, these visual categories could ____ captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns for later use.

Speech was responsible for making possible the common sharing ____ visual patterns, especially in relation to the rearing of the young.

The further development ____ speech led to the development of the facility to create categories of categories.

This, in time, led to the assembly of categories into myths — a visual and ____ world.

It is within ____ world, or culture, that language as a tool for communication evolves.

However, a primary function of language was and continues to be that of categorization rather ____ simply communication.

In fact, it is ____ use of language to categorize the infinite multiplicity of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to categorize sensory experience into shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems ____ myth and culture.

____ that assert dominance tend to be derived from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an upright posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an ____ movement to strike or is a subtly derived version of such a movement.

Thus, in monkeys and apes (including humans), we can read ____ status by posture alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived from protective movements: the ____ animal crouches, hunches, or lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest dominance status or, more directly, ownership of a resource, tends to have elements that ____ could call dishonest.

The false signaling of body ____ is very common.

In aggressive displays, ____ adopt postures that make them appear larger, and they often have physical structures to enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge ____ of hair on top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower legs.

One of the male threat postures is ____ face directly toward his opponent, with the head slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories greatly ____ the male's apparent size.

After the mating season, the males lose most of ____ extra hair.

More rarely, animals succeed in transmitting false information about their abilities, as well as ____ size.

However, we ____ know of a few examples because, in contests, the assessment of rivals is usually thorough.