2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are good reasons why open-office plans have gained currency, but open offices ____ not be the plan of choice for all times.

Instead, the right ____ seems to be building a culture of change.

Overly rigid habits and conventions, no matter how ____ or well-intentioned, threaten innovation.

The crucial take-away from analyzing office plans over time is that the ____ keep changing.

It might seem that there is ____ straight line of progress, but it’s a myth.

Surveying office spaces from the ____ eighty years, one can see a cycle that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary office spaces shows that they have circled back around to essentially the same ____ via a period in the 1980s when partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and colors may differ, but the 1940s and 2000s plans are alike, right down to the pillars running down the ____

One reason why we are not all sitting in a cold and dark cave right now is that ____ makes us happy.

____ often comes from perceiving yourself as moving forward, changing, learning, and evolving.

Consider research conducted in London by two ____ Bastien Blain and Robb Rutledge.

They had volunteers report their feelings every few minutes while playing a new ____

They found that the volunteers were happiest not when they gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did make them happy too), ____ when they learned about the game.

____ contributed more to happiness than money.

You habituate to things — a fancy car, ____ large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

One cannot ____ to change.

In ____ Wilde’s Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest Worthing tells his love interest, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for developments, and I intend ____ develop in many directions.”

Over ____ course of human history, researchers have discovered that humans’ early ancestors were not able to use verbal language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars have noted that bone structures in Neanderthals may have ____ for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all sorts are able to live in community and share the division of labor, including caring for children and ____ food that has been hunted or gathered.

How did such interactions occur if verbal language wasn’t a part ____ the lives of our early ancestors?

Nonverbal communication like grunts or slight vocalizations was likely the early auditory form ____ communication, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social position or even the presence of spoiled meat.

The idea that nonverbal communication came first over the course of our species’ evolution is known as phylogenetic ____ highlighting that our nonhuman ancestors had likely figured out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

Why are we so sensitive to ____ information and criticism?

Well, it seems to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, when the threat ____ rejection from the tribe could mean death.

This left us disproportionately ____ to threats, even the merely interpersonal threat of looking bad in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal threats we detect in our day-to-day lives are not truly harmful, but we’re ____ to react, even overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman called “loss aversion” — a tendency to overweigh losses ____ money, possessions, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants ____ given a coffee mug and later offered the chance to sell it.

To part with their mug, participants had to be given twice as much in compensation as the ____ they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly human. We ____ want to lose; we don’t want to fail.

The pain of failing, even in simple activities, is more emotionally salient ____ the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the brain when ____ are captivated by beautiful objects won’t completely solve the question of why the objects are beautiful.

To address ____ why question, we turn to evolutionary psychology.

____ basic idea of evolutionary psychology is that our mental abilities, like our physical traits, evolved if they enhanced our survival.

Our ancestors ____ a distant past adapted certain behavioral traits to survive tough environments and to choose partners that would give them healthy children.

When it comes to beauty in people, ____ physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

These features, which were important in choosing a mate tens of thousands of years ago, are what we now regard as ____

When it comes to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting to our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering around in the distant ____

These scenes looked both safe and rich in resources ____ would help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not ____ habits constitute knowledge because not all habits are acquired with predictive, regulatory, or manipulative intent.

In fact, many habits emerge ____ the casual reinforcement of random associations that are not part of a learning plan.

Although agents may not be entirely aware of all the associations between habitual actions and their context of ____ a minimal layer of pragmatic expectations is always attached to habitual behavior.

There is no ____ that habits developed unintentionally are advantageous for agents because there is no guarantee that such habits would effectively carry out expert tasks.

For example, vices are blind, ____ and largely compulsive behaviors, often called “bad habits.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, acquired early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their shoulders trying to increase pedalling power rather than minimizing unnecessary upper body ____

Habits do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks ____ are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that not all sensorimotor habits convey practical knowledge.