2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are good reasons why open-office ____ have gained currency, but open offices may not be the plan of choice for all times.

Instead, the right plan seems to be building a ____ of change.

____ rigid habits and conventions, no matter how well-considered or well-intentioned, threaten innovation.

The crucial take-away from analyzing office plans over time is ____ the answers keep changing.

It might ____ that there is a straight line of progress, but it’s a myth.

Surveying office spaces from the past eighty years, one ____ see a cycle that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary office spaces shows that they have circled back around to essentially the same style, via a period ____ the 1980s when partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and colors may differ, but the 1940s ____ 2000s plans are alike, right down to the pillars running down the middle.

One reason why we ____ not all sitting in a cold and dark cave right now is that progress makes us happy.

____ often comes from perceiving yourself as moving forward, changing, learning, and evolving.

Consider research conducted in London by two neuroscientists, Bastien ____ and Robb Rutledge.

They had volunteers report ____ feelings every few minutes while playing a new game.

They found that ____ volunteers were happiest not when they gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did make them happy too), but when they learned about the game.

Learning contributed more to happiness than ____

____ habituate to things — a fancy car, a large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

One ____ habituate to change.

In Oscar Wilde’s Importance of Being ____ Ernest Worthing tells his love interest, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! ____ hope I am not that. It would leave no room for developments, and I intend to develop in many directions.”

Over the course of human history, researchers have discovered that humans’ early ancestors were ____ able to use verbal language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars have noted that bone structures in Neanderthals may ____ allowed for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all sorts are able to ____ in community and share the division of labor, including caring for children and sharing food that has been hunted or gathered.

How did such interactions occur if verbal language wasn’t a part of the lives of ____ early ancestors?

Nonverbal communication like grunts ____ slight vocalizations was likely the early auditory form of communication, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social position or even the presence of spoiled meat.

The idea that nonverbal communication ____ first over the course of our species’ evolution is known as phylogenetic primacy, highlighting that our nonhuman ancestors had likely figured out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

Why are we so sensitive to negative information ____ criticism?

Well, it ____ to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, when the threat of rejection from the tribe could mean death.

This left us disproportionately sensitive to threats, even the merely interpersonal threat of looking ____ in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal threats we detect in our day-to-day lives are not truly harmful, but we’re hardwired to react, ____ overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman called “loss aversion” — a tendency to overweigh losses ____ money, possessions, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants were given a coffee mug and ____ offered the chance to sell it.

To part ____ their mug, participants had to be given twice as much in compensation as the amount they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly human. We don’t want to lose; we don’t want ____ fail.

The pain of failing, even in simple activities, is more emotionally ____ than the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the brain when we are captivated by beautiful objects won’t completely solve ____ question of why the objects are beautiful.

To address the why question, we turn ____ evolutionary psychology.

The basic idea of evolutionary psychology is that our mental ____ like our physical traits, evolved if they enhanced our survival.

Our ____ from a distant past adapted certain behavioral traits to survive tough environments and to choose partners that would give them healthy children.

When it comes to beauty ____ people, certain physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

These features, which were important in choosing a mate tens of ____ of years ago, are what we now regard as beautiful.

When it comes to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting ____ our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering around in the distant past.

These scenes looked both safe and ____ in resources that would help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not all habits constitute knowledge because not all habits are acquired with ____ regulatory, or manipulative intent.

In fact, many habits emerge from the casual reinforcement of random associations that are not part of a learning ____

Although agents may not be entirely aware of all the associations between habitual actions and their context of execution, a minimal layer of pragmatic expectations is ____ attached to habitual behavior.

There is no assurance that habits developed unintentionally are advantageous for agents because there is no guarantee that such ____ would effectively carry out expert tasks.

For example, vices ____ blind, harmful, and largely compulsive behaviors, often called “bad habits.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, ____ early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their shoulders trying to increase pedalling power rather than minimizing unnecessary upper body movements.

Habits do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks nor are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that not all sensorimotor ____ convey practical knowledge.