2026 수능완성 영어 4강 변형

There are good reasons why open-office plans have gained currency, but open offices may ____ be the plan of choice for all times.

____, the right plan seems to be building a culture of change.

Overly rigid habits and conventions, no matter how well-considered or ____, threaten innovation.

The ____ take-away from analyzing office plans over time is that the answers keep changing.

It might seem that there is a straight line of progress, but it’s a ____.

Surveying office spaces from the past eighty years, one can ____ a cycle that repeats.

Comparing the offices of the 1940s with contemporary office spaces shows that they have circled back around to essentially the same style, via a period in the 1980s ____ partitions and cubicles were more the norm.

The technologies and colors may differ, but the 1940s and 2000s plans are alike, ____ down to the pillars running down the middle.

One ____ why we are not all sitting in a cold and dark cave right now is that progress makes us happy.

Joy ____ comes from perceiving yourself as moving forward, changing, learning, and evolving.

Consider research conducted in London by two ____, Bastien Blain and Robb Rutledge.

They had ____ report their feelings every few minutes while playing a new game.

They found that the volunteers were ____ not when they gained the highest amount of money in the game (although that did make them happy too), but when they learned about the game.

Learning contributed ____ to happiness than money.

You habituate to ____ — a fancy car, a large-screen TV — but you don’t habituate to the joy of learning because learning by definition is change.

One ____ habituate to change.

In Oscar Wilde’s Importance of Being Earnest, Ernest Worthing tells his love ____, Gwendolen Fairfax, that she is perfect.

She replies, “Oh! I hope I am not that. It would leave no room for developments, and I intend to ____ in many directions.”

Over the course of human history, researchers have discovered that humans’ early ancestors were not ____ to use verbal language.

In fact, verbal language likely began with Homo sapiens, although some scholars ____ noted that bone structures in Neanderthals may have allowed for complex sound to be vocalized.

However, primates of all sorts are able to live in community and share the division of labor, including caring for children and sharing food that ____ been hunted or gathered.

How did such interactions occur if verbal language wasn’t a part of the lives of our ____ ancestors?

Nonverbal communication like grunts or slight vocalizations was likely the early auditory form of ____, and facial expressions or gestures may have indicated important things like danger or social position or even the presence of spoiled meat.

The idea that nonverbal communication came first over the course of our species’ evolution is known as phylogenetic primacy, highlighting that our nonhuman ancestors had likely ____ out social signaling before humans existed in our current form.

Why are we so sensitive to negative information and ____?

Well, it seems to have offered a survival advantage for early humans, when the threat of rejection ____ the tribe could mean death.

This left us disproportionately sensitive to threats, even the ____ interpersonal threat of looking bad in the eyes of others.

Today, many of the interpersonal ____ we detect in our day-to-day lives are not truly harmful, but we’re hardwired to react, even overreact, to them.

We also suffer from what celebrated psychologist Daniel Kahneman called “loss aversion” — a tendency to overweigh losses (of money, ____, or even social status) compared to equivalent wins.

In one study, participants were given a coffee ____ and later offered the chance to sell it.

To part with their mug, participants had to be given twice as much in compensation as the ____ they were willing to pay to acquire the mug. Irrational, yes.

And profoundly human. We don’t want to lose; we don’t ____ to fail.

The pain of ____, even in simple activities, is more emotionally salient than the pleasure of succeeding.

Discovering what happens in the brain when we are captivated by ____ objects won’t completely solve the question of why the objects are beautiful.

To ____ the why question, we turn to evolutionary psychology.

The basic idea of evolutionary psychology is that our mental abilities, like our physical ____, evolved if they enhanced our survival.

Our ____ from a distant past adapted certain behavioral traits to survive tough environments and to choose partners that would give them healthy children.

____ it comes to beauty in people, certain physical features of faces and bodies advertised a person’s health.

These features, which were ____ in choosing a mate tens of thousands of years ago, are what we now regard as beautiful.

When it comes to beauty in scenes, some places were more inviting to our hunter-gatherer ancestors wandering around in the distant ____.

These scenes looked both safe and rich in resources that ____ help small bands survive a life that was tough, brutish, and a long time ago.

Obviously, not all habits ____ knowledge because not all habits are acquired with predictive, regulatory, or manipulative intent.

In fact, many habits emerge from the casual reinforcement of random associations that are ____ part of a learning plan.

Although agents may not be entirely aware of all the associations between habitual actions and their context of execution, a minimal layer of pragmatic expectations is always attached to ____ behavior.

There is no assurance that habits developed unintentionally are ____ for agents because there is no guarantee that such habits would effectively carry out expert tasks.

For example, vices are ____, harmful, and largely compulsive behaviors, often called “bad habits.”

In sport, we find kinematic and biomechanical inefficiencies, acquired early in development, that become ingrained in such fashion, for example, cyclists who significantly sway their shoulders ____ to increase pedalling power rather than minimizing unnecessary upper body movements.

Habits do not necessarily support goal-oriented tasks nor are all habits learned for a specific purpose; hence it is correct to state that ____ all sensorimotor habits convey practical knowledge.