Week 1 1강
Exercise 7 흔한 우연의 일치
There are two classic problems that give us mathematically proper ways to ____ coincidences.
One is a counterintuitive poser: the birthday problem, which tells us that in any group of ____ people the odds are better than even that two people in the group will have the same birthday.
The other is the monkey problem, which asks: if given a large enough amount of time, could a monkey, randomly hitting the keys of a computer keyboard, write the first ____ of a Shakespeare sonnet?
These two problems, along with the law of large numbers, the theory of hidden variables, and the law of truly large numbers, give us a reasonable understanding of why coincidences happen far more ____ than we expect.
This ____ law, the law of truly large numbers, is a philosophical adage.
In a nutshell, it tells us that if there is any likelihood that ____ could happen, no matter how small, it's bound to happen at some time.
____ not a theorem that can be proven.
After all, I used the phrase "bound to happen," which is as ambiguous as any ____ can be.
But it gives a ____ of just how common coincidences are.
Exercise 8 시각적 심상 속 거리 인식
The ____ "image scanning" refers to the cognitive processes that operate on visual mental images when a person moves his or her attention across imagined objects.
The first ____ scanning paradigm was designed to investigate the spatial properties of images.
In the ____ experiment, participants memorized drawings of elongated objects (such as a tower).
They were then asked to visualize one of the objects and to focus at ____ of its ends (for example, the bottom of the tower).
Lastly, participants heard the name of a feature on the ____ (e.g., a flag), and they had to look for it.
Participants were not instructed to scan their ____, but were simply told to focus on the original location until the probe was delivered, and then to focus on the named part or feature.
They pressed one button when they had focused on the named ____, and another button if they failed to find it.
The critical finding was that response times increased linearly with increasing ____ from the focus point to the named part of the object.
This finding was ____ as evidence that distance, as traversed by image scanning, is genuinely represented in visual mental images.
Exercise 9 소셜 미디어의 전자상거래 플랫폼으로의 변모
Social media's transformation into an e-commerce platform is a ____ milestone that enabled it to become a platform for organizations.
____ media was initially and mainly used for communication with friends and family.
But with the popularity of some platforms, social media has turned into a vital tool for ____ seeking to sell their products online.
Social media is ____ used by businesses to promote their products and offerings as well as provide a direct shopping option for buyers.
Influencer marketing is another way that social media has evolved ____ a platform for businesses.
Influencers are those users who have a sizable social media following and are ____ as authorities or thought leaders in their specialized field.
Influencer marketing allows businesses to reach the users' ____, who are more likely to trust suggestions from people they follow on social media.
Exercise 10 상대방 말을 듣지 않으면 놓치는 것
One way we stop listening is when we start preparing a response to what the other person has just said, often immediately after they have started ____.
For example, imagine you are in a meeting with your manager, who tells you that a reorganization is coming soon, and you and your ____ are going to be moved under a lower-level manager.
As ____ as you hear that news, you stop listening, and your mind goes into high gear.
You ____ thinking of ways to convince your manager not to let that happen.
You think of ____ much you don't like the manager you are about to be moved under, and you prepare to tell your manager that you are incompatible with the new person.
____ fear your career is starting a downward spiral.
Meanwhile, your manager has continued ____, laying out the rationale for the decision, and explaining why this is a good move for both you and your team.
Unfortunately, you stopped listening, so you missed everything beyond "you are ____ to be moved to ..."
When you prepare your response as the other person is talking, you are missing out on hearing what the other person is ____ with you.
Exercise 11 마케팅과 위험 인식
Many marketers believe that buying ____ be regarded as a process whereby buyers attempt to reduce the risk of a purchase decision rather than maximising their gain.
When a person is faced with competing brands in a new product field, they feel risk — for example, uncertainty about whether the brand will ____, whether they will be wasting money, whether their peer group will disagree with their choice, or whether they will feel comfortable with the purchase, etc.
Successful brand marketing should therefore be concerned with understanding buyers' perceptions of risk, followed by developing and presenting the brand in such a way that ____ feel minimal risk.
An example of an ____ appreciating perceived risk is the pharmaceutical industry.
A company marketing a new drug suitable for children needs to ____ the parent's concerns about risk.
One company launching such a product worked with a series of pain specialists in pediatric hospitals, providing clinical data and product trials, so that specialist endorsement of the brand ____ reassure parents and help to minimise their perception of risk.
Exercise 12 벌의 거리 판단
For the longest time, it was debated ____ bees computed the distance to their nectar, but we have now figured it out.
The bee is actually approximating distance by ____ the amount of visual stimuli it receives on the trip.
Imagine this setup. You take a paper towel tube, split it open, and paint a ____ of tiny trees all along the inside.
Then you tape it back up and put the ____ at the door of the hive so that the bees must fly through it to exit.
Bug scientists discovered that while the bee only flies ten inches through the tube, from its point of view, it just flew through an entire ____.
If the scientists put a nectar source right at the ____ of the tube, the bee would fly ten inches to it, but go back and report that there is nectar a whole forest away.
This was confirmed by removing the tube, then putting tiny little RFIDs on the backs of the bees that saw the dance of the tricked bee and went on to ____ the location by a mile.
So the ____ is really just a simple little robot driven by cunning algorithms.