2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I ____ reviewed your February 9 letter and fully understand your concerns.

Your excellent ____ made a significant contribution to our journal, and I'm sorry we have not returned the favor.

We work with a public relations firm that selects one or two articles from ____ issue for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your article did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some editors to ____ believe that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the oversight and ____ any confusion this may have caused.

The research results should have been clearly credited ____ your organization.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ensure that proper attribution is made moving ____

____ my apologies.

Thank you for your understanding and for your ____ contribution.

The ____ covered everything. Emma stood still, holding the leash in her hand.

"Max," she called, but the wind ____ her voice away.

____ was gone. Her chest felt heavy, and her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints — just ____ everywhere.

She ____ his name again and again, but nothing answered.

____ terrible thought crept in: What if he's gone forever?

It felt like she had already lost him forever. Then, she heard a bark ____ off.

Her heart jumped. She turned ____ Max was running to her through the snow.

Emma fell to ____ knees and opened her arms. Max jumped into her arms.

She held him close, tears streaming ____ her fear of losing him melted away.

He was safe. He was back. They were together ____

There is a perception that there is a distinct language of science and research that has an idiosyncratic ____ that is formal, stilted and unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, ____ makes them uncertain about getting words together to get started.

Fortunately, the perception of scientific writing ____ a stiff, formal and difficult medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that it is ____ to unearth examples of stiff, formal and difficult writing in the scientific journals.

____ surprisingly, these examples are usually in articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, clear English — nothing more, ____ less.

Certainly, many ____ discussed in scientific writing contain specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms and expressions.

In view of the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, you must use these terms and expressions but the words that explain these ____ be as simple as you can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink roots, grow, sprout leaves and shed them, bring forth seeds and scatter ____ and in the end die.

Like plants, animals transform food, grow, reproduce and die; but they are marked off from plants by their powers ____ sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish and worms ____ example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher animals show them to be aware of others as possible.

As Stephen Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate wheat from ____ by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

____ Vegas, what happens in the university doesn't stay in the university.

Universities are cultural centers, research institutes, and halls of ____

University culture leaks out into the broader culture ____ by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, productions, and ____ programs, and are thereby influenced by its culture.

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of knowledge ____ — just compare other research centers connected to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to help identify which statements, ____ and values we can trust.

Universities then ____ both information and intellectual culture to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational ____ cultural elite who will later go into the professions, head industries, establish charities, produce media, and shape public policy.

Done right, universities are ____

Done wrong, they are a means of harmful cultural indoctrination ____ equal.

Philosophy doesn't ____ seek knowledge; it tries to find the meaning and relevance of that knowledge.

It ____ not just an understanding of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding of why things are the way they are, what difference it makes, and how we can know what is possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all other ____ of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea of science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science works and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, which can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind ____ — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, still within the realm of philosophy.

Immersive theatre dates back to the Middle Ages with a call and ____

The players would call out something ____ expect the audience to answer.

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, a form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both physical and ____

A recent example of a near-legendary immersive theater production, often referenced by ____ in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and receive a mask, and then are taken into an ____ and let out on one of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The location is designed as a hotel and becomes a character ____ and of itself.

Once they arrive ____ their floor, the audience is free to roam and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and ____ members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member if they do that or not.

The entire story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see ____ moment of the play in one go.

Therefore, every audience ____ experience is unique, with infinite possibilities of how to engage with the experience.

Althea Gibson was born in ____ South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New York City.

Gibson was ____ her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who introduced her to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, did not have many tennis courts, so she had to ____ on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first ____ in a tournament sponsored by the American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two African American medical doctors who ____ interested in promoting African American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the ____ and financial support to compete at the highest level of tennis.

At age 23, Gibson became the first African American to compete at the U.S. National ____

In 1957, ____ won both the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, London.

In 1971, she ____ her place in the International Tennis Hall of Fame.

____ parental investment is generally pretty low for mammals as a class of animals.

Human males, however, tend to buck ____ trend.

Men from all cultures studied invest in their children by ____ food and protection and through teaching.

Interestingly, how much direct time fathers spend ____ their offspring varies quite considerably between cultures.

One study, ____ looked at 186 different cultures, uncovered a surprising trend.

Although cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly ____ time and effort to child-rearing than in other societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to ____ fact that men in societies which have developed agriculture (and industry later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind ____ for the vast majority of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of men spending relatively little of their time with their children is a recent phenomenon.

Alternatively, it might also ____ argued that, by spending more time away at work, men also contribute to the survival of their children.

Emotional labor refers to the effort required to manage one's feelings or emotions at work according to the emotional requirements of the ____

Emotional labor involves closing the gap between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to ____ (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor ____ two dimensions: surface acting and deep acting.

In ____ acting, a person acts in a particular way without experiencing the emotion.

This is done ____ modifying facial expressions and body pose to express an emotion that is not felt.

A leader ____ smile and pat an employee on the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions such as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting ____ comes across as inauthentic.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they ____ more appropriate to the situation, producing a more genuine emotional response.

Deep acting involves an active ____ to modify one's emotions.

A leader often must draw on qualities deep within ____ manage negative emotions and shift toward more positive ones.

One thing that failure strips us ____ is a feeling that we might be 'good' people.

This might indicate that we must therefore be 'bad', but the reality is more ____

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — people who know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, ____ and gentleness — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It seems one cannot both be a good person and at the same time feel blameless ____ pure inside.

Goodness is, one might say, the unique consequence of a keen and ongoing awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, ____ ignorant of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression that one hasn't got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does one come anywhere ____ the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is the constant idea that one might be a monster — combined with a fundamental hesitation ____ labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is the bedrock of virtue — and all this comes easily ____ the failed.

The fundamental dilemma of computer security describes how people want security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve ____ security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training users have largely been ____

And so, rather ____ attempting to help users to make better choices, it is better to simply reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they do not worry that pushing the wrong button will send ____ plummeting to their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and not require the user to make decisions that can ____ themselves and others.

A famous IT company ____ this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure by design and secure by default.”

In recent years, the company has continued to lead the way by making the installation of security patches automatic in ____ operating system products.

When a person uses one of those computers, the choice of whether to ____ a security patch is simply no longer presented.

What is considered to be a major distinction between art and ____ — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon closer inspection.

Art often depicts the outer world along with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, ____ abundant indications that objectivity is a goal that can never be completely realized.

Subjective ____ objective viewpoints, then, exist on a continuum along which art and science approach each other.

This ____ that the underlying cognitive processes involved in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by creativity studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes ____ 'from a neurocognitive point of view, the differences [between art and science] are superficial'.

Newton defined his scientific enterprise as the search for a small number of mathematical laws from which one could deduce observed ____ in nature.

His domain was the physics of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed how his ____ could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of explanation, we will take the ____ of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to explain how gravity worked; to them, action at a distance between two objects smacked ____ magic.

Newton, however, replied, ____ non fingo," "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, ____ other words, to explain his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate a force from which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern ____ is friend and what is enemy, either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains quietly vigilant, like a ____ guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the bad.

But when the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in the environment, a nutrient-deficient ____ stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when opportunistic bad ____ make their move.

These troublemakers take advantage of our ____ immunity and find their way in.

Flavor pulls on our brains in subtle ____ powerful ways.

When odor information — the most important component of flavor — ____ the brain, it goes directly to the ancient parts of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part ____ the cerebral cortex until several stops later.

That's the neuroscientific basis for flavor's remarkable ability ____ move us: A taste of a favorite food can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or a photo ever could.

It's no accident that Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by ____ flavor of a madeleine, or tea cake.

That emotional pull may also explain why immigrants hold on to the ____ of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — even, sometimes new religions.

Food binds ____ groups together across generations and across oceans and national boundaries.

We so often use flavors as ethnic markers, with the treasures ____ one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

The French have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans ____ natto.

Education is ____ positional good.

Possession of a university qualification indicates an academic ____ that makes the graduate a more valuable employee.

But when university education was accessible only to the social elite, possession ____ a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion of higher education following World War II, possession of ____ university degree no longer signals such exclusivity.

However, some institutions remain accessible mostly only to members of ____ social elite.

These institutions, normally the oldest, and almost always ____ universities well established before the mass expansion of higher education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

Examples of these institutions are the Ivy League in the USA, Oxford ____ Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as access to higher education ____ the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the fact of graduating from a university but in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, therefore, leads to overtly tiered systems, ____ their official designation by government.

From the windows of a space capsule, astronauts cannot see state borders, political tensions, ideological ____ or social distinctions.

They ____ see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, or shattered expectations.

____ they can discern the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless darkness and the shimmering fields of green and blue that make up the planet Earth.

They can intuitively grasp the fragile balance and clear ____ of the atmosphere's closed system.

They can immediately recognise the human race's common destiny and the deeper meaning ____ words such as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our planet's resources by taking from 'someone else' or 'something ____

We can only take ____ one another — or from those who will come after us.

It becomes evident that it is only through collaboration and peaceful co-existence that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and ____ good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning as ____ of specific cultural content, are deeply embedded within the cultural context of their fandom community.

This particularly seems to be the trend for the years ____ which Generation MZ — a pairing of Millennials and Generation Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is ____ worry concerning the decline of foreign language learning at present.

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 to 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer ____ language entries in the 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does not mean that Gen MZ has no ____ in language learning.

____ the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and large seem to be different from older generations.

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn ____ languages due to a love for the culture and a desire to build international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all language learning everywhere around the world, but the trend seems ____ be clear in the age of social media.

The need for language and ____ use is of ancient origin.

Earliest forms of man ____ to make do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them (e.g., the mate, the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this manner restricted early hominids to a ____ existence.

As speech and language evolved, these visual categories could be captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a ____ of visual patterns for later use.

Speech was responsible for making possible the common sharing of visual patterns, especially in relation to the ____ of the young.

The further development ____ speech led to the development of the facility to create categories of categories.

This, in time, led to the assembly of categories into myths — a visual and verbal ____

It is within this world, ____ culture, that language as a tool for communication evolves.

However, a primary function ____ language was and continues to be that of categorization rather than simply communication.

In fact, it is the use of language to categorize the infinite multiplicity of ____ data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to categorize sensory experience ____ shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems like myth and culture.

Signals that assert dominance ____ to be derived from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an upright posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention movement to strike or is a subtly derived version of such ____ movement.

Thus, in monkeys and apes (including humans), ____ can read dominance status by posture alone.

Signals of subordinate status are derived from protective movements: the subordinate animal crouches, hunches, ____ lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest dominance status or, more directly, ownership of a resource, ____ to have elements that one could call dishonest.

The false signaling of ____ size is very common.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that make them appear ____ and they often have physical structures to enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge crown ____ hair on top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big tufts of hair on the lower legs.

One of the male ____ postures is to face directly toward his opponent, with the head slightly lowered.

In front view, these three hair accessories ____ increase the male's apparent size.

After the ____ season, the males lose most of the extra hair.

More rarely, animals succeed in transmitting false information about their abilities, as well ____ their size.

However, we only know of a few examples because, in contests, the ____ of rivals is usually thorough.