2027 수특 영독연 미니 테스트 1 문장별 빈칸

I have reviewed your February 9 letter and fully understand ____ concerns.

Your excellent article made a significant contribution to our journal, and I'm sorry we have ____ returned the favor.

We work with a public relations firm that selects one or two articles from each ____ for publicity.

Unfortunately, the press release based on your article did not clearly attribute the research to your organization, leading some ____ to mistakenly believe that our journal had conducted the study.

We recognize the oversight and regret any ____ this may have caused.

The research results should have been clearly ____ to your organization.

We have since addressed this issue with the PR firm to ensure that ____ attribution is made moving forward.

____ my apologies.

Thank you for ____ understanding and for your outstanding contribution.

The snowstorm covered everything. Emma stood still, holding the leash in ____ hand.

"Max," she ____ but the wind took her voice away.

He was gone. Her chest felt heavy, ____ her fingers trembled on the leash.

There were no sounds, no pawprints — just ____ everywhere.

She called his name again and again, but nothing ____

____ terrible thought crept in: What if he's gone forever?

It felt like she had already ____ him forever. Then, she heard a bark far off.

Her heart jumped. She turned around. Max was running to her ____ the snow.

Emma fell to her knees and opened her arms. ____ jumped into her arms.

She held him close, tears streaming as ____ fear of losing him melted away.

He was safe. He was back. They ____ together again.

There is a perception that there is a distinct language of science and research that has an idiosyncratic style that is formal, stilted ____ unlike the everyday language by which we normally communicate.

Because it is unfamiliar to most people, it makes them uncertain about getting words together ____ get started.

Fortunately, the perception of scientific ____ as a stiff, formal and difficult medium is an illusion.

It is perpetuated to a degree by the fact that ____ is easy to unearth examples of stiff, formal and difficult writing in the scientific journals.

Not surprisingly, these examples are usually ____ articles that are also difficult to read.

But the basic language of science is simple, clear English ____ nothing more, nothing less.

Certainly, many things discussed in scientific writing contain specific, sometimes complex and, to many people, unfamiliar terms ____ expressions.

In view of the requirement to be precise in scientific writing, you must use these terms and ____ but the words that explain these should be as simple as you can make them.

Plants have life-histories. They sink roots, grow, ____ leaves and shed them, bring forth seeds and scatter them, and in the end die.

Like plants, animals transform food, grow, ____ and die; but they are marked off from plants by their powers of sense (even the most primitive animal has the sense of touch); and their life-histories differ from those of plants in consisting in part of responses to what they sense.

Moreover, while the responses of the lower animals to what they sense, of shellfish and worms for example, are rigidly fixed, some of those of higher animals show them to ____ aware of others as possible.

As ____ Clark points out, 'the macaque who found out how to separate wheat from sand by throwing handfuls of the two combined into the sea' discerned a possibility different from that of trying to pick the wheat from the sand grain by grain; and every dog lover has his tales to tell.

Unlike ____ what happens in the university doesn't stay in the university.

Universities are cultural centers, research ____ and halls of education.

University culture leaks ____ into the broader culture almost by osmosis.

Many people gravitate to the university's events, ____ and outreach programs, and are thereby influenced by its culture.

Universities are among the best, and ideally the least biased, centers of knowledge production — ____ compare other research centers connected to corporations or politically motivated think tanks.

As a society, we turn to universities to help identify which statements, ____ and values we can trust.

Universities then transmit both information and intellectual ____ to students.

In this way, these institutions produce the educational and cultural elite who will later go into the professions, head industries, establish ____ produce media, and shape public policy.

Done right, ____ are invaluable.

Done wrong, they are a means of harmful cultural indoctrination ____ equal.

Philosophy doesn't just seek knowledge; it tries to find the meaning and relevance of that ____

It seeks not just an understanding of what we are and what the world is, but an understanding of why things are the way they are, what difference it makes, and how we can know what ____ possible for us to know (and what is not).

Philosophy is the mother of all other fields of knowledge — philosophy established the very idea of science, for example, and continues to ask the questions that science cannot answer: how science ____ and what its limitations are.

The same holds true for psychology, ____ can tell us a great deal about how the mind works, but stops short of asking what a mind is — here, psychology must return to the most fundamental questions, still within the realm of philosophy.

Immersive theatre ____ back to the Middle Ages with a call and response.

The players ____ call out something and expect the audience to answer.

Immersive theater is also known as site-specific or participatory theater, a form that takes audiences to all kinds of places, both physical ____ emotional.

A recent example of a near-legendary immersive theater production, often referenced ____ storytellers in immersive media, is Sleep No More. It is a site-specific retelling of Macbeth.

Audience members enter and receive ____ mask, and then are taken into an elevator and let out on one of the multiple floors within the performance space.

The location is designed ____ a hotel and becomes a character in and of itself.

Once they arrive on their ____ the audience is free to roam and explore wherever they please.

Performers appear, and audience members are encouraged to follow them, but it remains up to each audience member ____ they do that or not.

The entire story plays out simultaneously across multi-floors, making it impossible to see ____ moment of the play in one go.

Therefore, every audience member's experience is unique, with ____ possibilities of how to engage with the experience.

Althea Gibson was born in Silver, South Carolina and grew up in Harlem, New ____ City.

Gibson was given her first tennis racket by a musician named Buddy Walker, who ____ her to the game of tennis.

Harlem, where she lived, did ____ have many tennis courts, so she had to practice on handball courts.

Gibson began taking tennis lessons, and a year later, she won first prize in a tournament sponsored by ____ American Tennis Association.

She played so well that two African ____ medical doctors who were interested in promoting African American tennis players became her mentors.

They provided her with the moral and financial support to compete at the highest level of ____

At age 23, Gibson became ____ first African American to compete at the U.S. National Championships.

In 1957, she won ____ the singles and doubles championships at Wimbledon, London.

In 1971, she took her place in the International Tennis Hall of ____

Male parental investment is generally pretty low for mammals ____ a class of animals.

Human males, however, tend ____ buck this trend.

Men from all cultures studied invest in their children ____ providing food and protection and through teaching.

Interestingly, how much direct ____ fathers spend with their offspring varies quite considerably between cultures.

One study, which looked at ____ different cultures, uncovered a surprising trend.

Although cross-culturally all men provide for their offspring, fathers in hunter-gatherer societies devote significantly ____ time and effort to child-rearing than in other societies (including modern industrialised ones).

This may sound surprising but is probably related to the fact that ____ in societies which have developed agriculture (and industry later on) spend much more of their time on the farm/at the office/factory/sports ground than those in forager societies.

Bearing in mind that, for the vast majority of the Pleistocene we were all hunter-gatherers, this might suggest the modern pattern of men spending relatively little of their ____ with their children is a recent phenomenon.

Alternatively, it might also be argued that, by spending more time away at work, men also contribute to the survival of their ____

Emotional labor refers to the effort required ____ manage one's feelings or emotions at work according to the emotional requirements of the situation.

Emotional labor involves closing the ____ between what you are feeling (e.g., disappointment that you didn't get a promotion) and what you want to express (e.g., happiness for your colleague who did get the promotion).

Emotional labor ____ two dimensions: surface acting and deep acting.

In surface acting, ____ person acts in a particular way without experiencing the emotion.

This is done by ____ facial expressions and body pose to express an emotion that is not felt.

A leader might smile and pat an employee ____ the back, for example, without genuinely feeling emotions such as happiness, friendliness, or gratitude.

Surface acting ____ comes across as inauthentic.

Deep acting, in contrast, involves shifting one's internal feelings so that they are more appropriate to the situation, producing a more genuine emotional ____

Deep acting involves an active ____ to modify one's emotions.

A leader often must draw on qualities ____ within to manage negative emotions and shift toward more positive ones.

One thing ____ failure strips us of is a feeling that we might be 'good' people.

This might indicate that we must therefore be 'bad', but the reality is more ____

Ironically, people who are genuinely good — ____ who know about kindness, patience, forgiveness, compromise, apology, and gentleness — always suspect that they aren't very good.

It seems one cannot both be a good person and at ____ same time feel blameless or pure inside.

Goodness is, one might say, the ____ consequence of a keen and ongoing awareness of one's capacity to be bad — that is, to be thoughtless, foolish, cruel, self-righteous, and ignorant of the legitimate needs of others.

Only on the basis of a perpetual, vigilant impression ____ one hasn't got the right to judge oneself above suspicion does one come anywhere near the ethical high standard that merits the title of 'good'.

The price of being genuinely good is ____ constant idea that one might be a monster — combined with a fundamental hesitation about labelling anyone else monstrous.

A guilty conscience is ____ bedrock of virtue — and all this comes easily to the failed.

The fundamental dilemma of computer ____ describes how people want security but are ill-equipped to make the decisions that would enable them to assess or improve their security.

Attempts to solve the fundamental dilemma by training ____ have largely been unsuccessful.

And so, rather than attempting to help users to ____ better choices, it is better to simply reduce their choices.

When people enter an elevator, they ____ not worry that pushing the wrong button will send them plummeting to their death.

A technology should expose only those aspects that allow the user to operate it and not require the user to make decisions that can endanger themselves and ____

A famous IT company embraced this philosophy to good effect with their strategy of “secure by design and ____ by default.”

In recent years, the company has ____ to lead the way by making the installation of security patches automatic in their operating system products.

When a person uses one of ____ computers, the choice of whether to install a security patch is simply no longer presented.

____ is considered to be a major distinction between art and science — the subjective versus the objective stance — begins to blur upon closer inspection.

Art often depicts ____ outer world along with the inner, and science not only investigates subjective experience but also, as science writer George Johnson has extensively documented, provides abundant indications that objectivity is a goal that can never be completely realized.

Subjective and objective viewpoints, then, exist ____ a continuum along which art and science approach each other.

This suggests that ____ underlying cognitive processes involved in art and science are more similar than otherwise — a suggestion that is supported by creativity studies and by the efforts of philosopher Paul Churchland.

After reviewing recent results from neuroscience and artificial intelligence, Churchland concludes that 'from a neurocognitive point of view, ____ differences [between art and science] are superficial'.

Newton defined his scientific enterprise as the search for a small number of ____ laws from which one could deduce observed regularities in nature.

His domain was the physics of motion, which he proposed to explain in terms of three laws of motion and a law of gravity, and he showed ____ his laws could precisely account for the movement of the bodies in the solar system.

As an example of the Newtonian style of explanation, we will take the law of gravity: Between any two bodies there is a mutually attracting force whose strength is inversely ____ to the square of the distance between them.

Newton was criticized by his contemporaries for failing to provide any mechanism to ____ how gravity worked; to them, action at a distance between two objects smacked of magic.

Newton, however, replied, "Hypotheses non ____ "I do not propose hypotheses."

Newton refused, in other words, to explain his principle of gravity; for him, it was sufficient to postulate ____ force from which one could predict the motions of the heavenly bodies.

Every time we ingest something, the immune system in our gut must discern what is friend and what is ____ either welcoming or expelling nutrients, microorganisms, bacteria, and bugs.

A healthy immune system remains quietly vigilant, like a muscular guard, admitting the good and swiftly destroying the ____

But when the gut gets attacked by a relentless, unruly crowd ― toxins in ____ environment, a nutrient-deficient diet, stress, medications, or other factors ― the guard gets overwhelmed and our defenses are weakened.

That's when opportunistic ____ bacteria make their move.

These troublemakers take advantage of our impaired immunity and ____ their way in.

Flavor pulls ____ our brains in subtle but powerful ways.

When odor information — the most important component of flavor — enters the brain, it goes directly to the ancient ____ of the brain responsible for emotion and memory.

It doesn't reach the conscious, logical part of the cerebral cortex until several stops ____

That's the neuroscientific basis for flavor's remarkable ability to move us: A taste of a favorite food can transport us back to our childhood more powerfully than a song or ____ photo ever could.

It's no accident that Marcel Proust's seven-volume Remembrance of Things Past was sparked by the flavor of a madeleine, or tea ____

That emotional pull may also explain why immigrants hold ____ to the flavors of their native country long after they've adopted new languages, new modes of dress — even, sometimes new religions.

Food ____ ethnic groups together across generations and across oceans and national boundaries.

We so often ____ flavors as ethnic markers, with the treasures of one culture being seen (at least initially) as disgusting by others.

The ____ have their stinky cheeses, the Americans their peanut butter, the Australians Vegemite, and the Japanese the mucilaginous fermented soybeans called natto.

Education is a ____ good.

Possession of ____ university qualification indicates an academic achievement that makes the graduate a more valuable employee.

But ____ university education was accessible only to the social elite, possession of a university qualification also indicated membership of the elite: it, therefore, also had considerable positional value.

With the mass expansion of higher education following World War II, possession of a university degree no ____ signals such exclusivity.

However, some institutions remain accessible mostly only to members of the social ____

These institutions, normally the oldest, and almost always the ____ well established before the mass expansion of higher education, have greater positional value than other, normally younger institutions.

____ of these institutions are the Ivy League in the USA, Oxford and Cambridge in the UK, and the 'sandstones' in Australia.

So, as access to higher ____ expands, the desire for social differentiation is increasingly sought not just in the fact of graduating from a university but in the choice of institution, programme, and higher degree studies.

The expansion of participation, therefore, leads to overtly tiered systems, whatever their official ____ by government.

From the windows of a space capsule, astronauts cannot see state borders, political tensions, ideological differences, ____ social distinctions.

They cannot see people falling in love, building friendships, or celebrating successes, and neither can they see unfulfilled hopes, broken promises, or shattered ____

But they can discern the sharp contrast between the universe's lifeless darkness and the shimmering fields of green and blue that make up the ____ Earth.

They can intuitively grasp the fragile ____ and clear limitations of the atmosphere's closed system.

They can immediately recognise the human race's ____ destiny and the deeper meaning of words such as responsibility, fairness, equality, and sustainability.

From outer space, it becomes obvious that it is not possible to compensate for the careless destruction of nature and overconsumption of our planet's resources by taking from 'someone else' or ____ else'.

We can only take from one another — or from those who will come after ____

It ____ evident that it is only through collaboration and peaceful co-existence that we can take care of our planet, solve our common challenges, and provide good lives for more people and future generations.

Fandom language learners, who we define as individuals who engage in language learning ____ fans of specific cultural content, are deeply embedded within the cultural context of their fandom community.

This particularly seems to be the trend for the years in which Generation MZ — a pairing of Millennials ____ Generation Z — engage in language learning.

In England, there is great worry concerning the ____ of foreign language learning at present.

Enrolments in GCSE French and German, in particular, have decreased by nearly half from 1996 to 2021, while overall we witnessed fewer ____ language entries in the 2023 academic year compared to 2022.

However, this does ____ mean that Gen MZ has no interest in language learning.

____ the contrary, Gen MZ's language learning motivators by and large seem to be different from older generations.

Most of Gen MZ seem to learn foreign languages due ____ a love for the culture and a desire to build international friendships.

Of course, we cannot generalize this to all language learning everywhere around the world, but the trend seems to be ____ in the age of social media.

The need for language and its use is of ancient ____

Earliest forms of man had to make do with the recognition of visual categories or patterns and to learn appropriate responses to them ____ the mate, the enemy, some prey).

Dealing with the "buzzing blooming confusion" in this manner restricted early hominids to ____ day-by-day existence.

As speech and language evolved, these visual categories could be captured in speech, facilitating through verbal means a recall of visual patterns ____ later use.

Speech was responsible for making possible the common sharing of visual ____ especially in relation to the rearing of the young.

The further development of ____ led to the development of the facility to create categories of categories.

This, in time, led to the assembly of categories into ____ — a visual and verbal world.

It is within this world, or culture, that language as ____ tool for communication evolves.

However, a primary function of language was and continues to be that of categorization rather than ____ communication.

In fact, it is the use of ____ to categorize the infinite multiplicity of sensory data into manageable units and to label these units for subsequent recall and use that makes communication possible.

The primary function of language is to ____ sensory experience into shared, structured units, enabling not only communication but also the development of symbolic systems like myth and culture.

Signals that assert dominance tend to ____ derived from attack intention movements.

The dominant individual assumes an upright posture, facing directly toward the subordinate, and makes a gesture that is an intention ____ to strike or is a subtly derived version of such a movement.

Thus, in ____ and apes (including humans), we can read dominance status by posture alone.

Signals ____ subordinate status are derived from protective movements: the subordinate animal crouches, hunches, or lowers the head, and turns away.

This kind of signaling, where animals contest dominance status ____ more directly, ownership of a resource, tends to have elements that one could call dishonest.

The false signaling of ____ size is very common.

In aggressive displays, individuals adopt postures that make them appear larger, and they often have physical structures ____ enhance the illusion.

For example, male bison increase their apparent size during the mating season with a huge crown of hair on top of the head, a large dangling beard, and big ____ of hair on the lower legs.

One of the male threat postures is to face directly toward his ____ with the head slightly lowered.

In front ____ these three hair accessories greatly increase the male's apparent size.

After the mating season, the males lose most ____ the extra hair.

More rarely, animals succeed ____ transmitting false information about their abilities, as well as their size.

However, we only know of a few examples ____ in contests, the assessment of rivals is usually thorough.