2026 수특 영독연 8강 변형문제 (7~12번)

Designers use diagrams, pictures, and simple illustrations to explain their work, whether it is how to turn the power on or off in a machine or how to use a ____ synthesizer or even a washing machine.

Designers understand the need to test their efforts on the people for whom they are ____.

Invariably, the tests reveal problems, ____ where people do not understand, are confused, or, worse, could make serious errors in their use of the device under consideration:

perhaps losing all of their work and, in the case of machinery or medical devices, perhaps ____ to accidents or serious injuries.

The reason for this early testing is to find ____ flaws before the product is released, allowing the design to be corrected.

In design, especially the ____ of procedures that goes under the general label human-centered design, multiple iterations of the design are constructed and tested.

Each new ____ — that is, each modification of the design — is guided by the results of tests.

It is interesting to note that all inquiries were once a part of philosophy, that great mother of the sciences (mater ____), and philosophy embraced them all in an undifferentiated and amorphous fashion.

____, as Western civilisation developed, various sciences began to pursue separate and independent courses.

Astronomy and physics were among the ____ to break away, and were followed thereafter by chemistry, biology and geology.

In the nineteenth century, two new ____ appeared: psychology (the science of human behaviour) and sociology (the science of human society).

Thus, what had once been natural philosophy became the science of physics; what had been mental philosophy, or the philosophy of mind, became the science of psychology; and what had once been ____ philosophy, or the philosophy of history, became the science of sociology.

To the ancient mother, philosophy, still belong several important kinds of enquiries — notably metaphysics, logic, ethics and aesthetics — but the sciences ____ are no longer studied as subdivisions of philosophy.

Suppose that people’s aspirations rise as they get more ____.

When you live in a student dorm, you may ____ to have your own apartment, even if small.

____ you live in a small apartment, you may aspire to live in a bigger one.

When you live in a ____ apartment, you may aspire to live in your own property.

And so on: the more you ____, the more you expect — and maybe the more you think you deserve.

If so, the beneficial happiness effect of getting more money will be offset (at least partially) by the harmful ____ on happiness of rising aspirations.

Behavioural ____ call this phenomenon the aspiration treadmill.

The ____ idea is ancient.

The ____ philosopher Seneca diagnosed the problem some 2,000 years ago.

He wrote: ‘Excessive prosperity does indeed create ____ in men, and never are desires so well controlled that they vanish once satisfied.’

Humanity has entered a new era. We are now living in a world that is increasingly wired by billions of predictive algorithms, a world in which almost everything can be predicted and risk and uncertainty appear to be diminishing in ____ all areas of life.

We are living longer, thanks to ____ in health care and precision medicine.

We have a greater mastery of the physical world that allows us to dream of, and build, new ____ that allow us to explore other planets and visualize billions of galaxies.

We can model markets, disease, and traffic with increasingly greater precision, and we’re ____ very close to handing over the keys to the car so it can drive itself.

Even more striking, our tools may be revealing the genesis of some elusive and stubborn complexities of human behavior, and algorithms are even being used to alter ____ behavior.

Predictive algorithms have changed the world, and ____ the worlds to come, and there is no going back.

It is worth noting that the progress in man’s understanding about the physical aspects of his environment occurred much ____ in comparison to the social aspects.

The main ____ for this discrepancy in the development of man’s understanding of the two distinct environments — the physical and the social — probably lies in the greater observability and control of physical phenomena, as well as in the impersonal approach that they afford.

Physical phenomena are usually more ____ than social phenomena and hence are more observable.

Samuel Koenig states that in his attempt to observe physical phenomena man was able quite early to develop a measure of ____, but he found it very difficult to do so regarding social phenomena.

In the latter case he found himself too close to the object of investigation, too involved in it, to achieve the ____ which is indispensable to all science.

When computers process in time, we typically want them to also work in real ____.

For example, if you set up a microphone with a reverb effect for a ____, you would like it to work both in time and in real time.

____, if you just want to add reverb to a prerecorded song, it does not matter when or how fast it happens.

You may probably prefer that the computer does the processing “faster than real ____.”

If the ____ can process a three-minute sound file in seven seconds, it is unnecessary to wait three minutes to finish its processing.

____ may also happen to have a computationally heavy reverb model that runs “slower than real time.”

For a producer working in a studio, it is ____ crucial whether a process runs in real time.

For a performer on ____, however, there is no other option than running in real-time mode.

The concert is happening in the “now,” hence the tools used need to ____ both in time and in real time.