2026 수특 영독연 8강 변형문제 (7~12번)

Designers use diagrams, pictures, ____ simple illustrations to explain their work, whether it is how to turn the power on or off in a machine or how to use a DNA synthesizer or even a washing machine.

Designers understand the need to ____ their efforts on the people for whom they are intended.

Invariably, the tests reveal problems, places where people do not understand, are confused, or, worse, could make serious errors in ____ use of the device under consideration:

perhaps losing all of their work and, in the case of machinery or medical devices, perhaps leading to ____ or serious injuries.

The reason for this early testing is to find design flaws before the product is released, ____ the design to be corrected.

In design, especially the set of procedures that goes under the general label human-centered design, multiple iterations of the ____ are constructed and tested.

Each new iteration — that ____ each modification of the design — is guided by the results of tests.

It is interesting to note that all inquiries were once a part of philosophy, that great mother of the sciences (mater scientiarum), and philosophy embraced them ____ in an undifferentiated and amorphous fashion.

However, as Western civilisation developed, various sciences began to pursue ____ and independent courses.

Astronomy and physics were among the first to break away, and were followed thereafter ____ chemistry, biology and geology.

In the nineteenth century, two new sciences appeared: psychology (the ____ of human behaviour) and sociology (the science of human society).

Thus, what had once been natural philosophy became the science of physics; what had been mental philosophy, or the philosophy of mind, became the science ____ psychology; and what had once been social philosophy, or the philosophy of history, became the science of sociology.

To the ancient mother, philosophy, still belong several important kinds of enquiries — notably metaphysics, logic, ethics and aesthetics — but the sciences themselves are no longer studied as subdivisions of ____

Suppose that people’s aspirations rise as they get ____ money.

When you live in a student dorm, you ____ aspire to have your own apartment, even if small.

When you live in a ____ apartment, you may aspire to live in a bigger one.

When you live in a bigger apartment, you may aspire to ____ in your own property.

And so ____ the more you have, the more you expect — and maybe the more you think you deserve.

If so, the beneficial happiness effect ____ getting more money will be offset (at least partially) by the harmful effect on happiness of rising aspirations.

____ economists call this phenomenon the aspiration treadmill.

The ____ idea is ancient.

The Stoic ____ Seneca diagnosed the problem some 2,000 years ago.

He wrote: ‘Excessive prosperity does indeed create greed in men, and never are desires so well controlled that ____ vanish once satisfied.’

Humanity has entered a new era. We are now living in a world that is increasingly wired ____ billions of predictive algorithms, a world in which almost everything can be predicted and risk and uncertainty appear to be diminishing in almost all areas of life.

We are living longer, ____ to advances in health care and precision medicine.

We have a greater mastery of the physical world that allows us to dream of, and build, new ____ that allow us to explore other planets and visualize billions of galaxies.

We can model markets, disease, and traffic with increasingly greater precision, and we’re getting very close ____ handing over the keys to the car so it can drive itself.

Even more striking, our tools may be revealing the genesis of some elusive and ____ complexities of human behavior, and algorithms are even being used to alter people’s behavior.

Predictive algorithms have changed the world, and all the worlds to come, and there ____ no going back.

It is worth noting that the progress in man’s understanding about the physical aspects of his environment occurred much earlier in comparison to the ____ aspects.

The main reason for this discrepancy in the development of man’s understanding of the two distinct environments — the physical and ____ social — probably lies in the greater observability and control of physical phenomena, as well as in the impersonal approach that they afford.

Physical ____ are usually more concrete than social phenomena and hence are more observable.

Samuel Koenig states that in his attempt to observe physical phenomena man was able quite early to develop a measure of ____ but he found it very difficult to do so regarding social phenomena.

In the latter case he found himself too close to the object of investigation, too involved in it, to achieve the ____ which is indispensable to all science.

When computers process in time, we typically ____ them to also work in real time.

For example, ____ you set up a microphone with a reverb effect for a performance, you would like it to work both in time and in real time.

However, if you just want to ____ reverb to a prerecorded song, it does not matter when or how fast it happens.

You may probably ____ that the computer does the processing “faster than real time.”

____ the computer can process a three-minute sound file in seven seconds, it is unnecessary to wait three minutes to finish its processing.

You may also happen to have a computationally heavy ____ model that runs “slower than real time.”

For a producer working in a studio, it is not crucial whether ____ process runs in real time.

____ a performer on stage, however, there is no other option than running in real-time mode.

The concert is happening in the “now,” hence the tools used need ____ run both in time and in real time.