2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 9강
7 정서와 감정의 차이
Sentiment is very close to emotion in meaning, ____ when social psychologists use the term sentiment, they emphasize the social aspect of emotion.
Early social psychologists used sentiment to refer to ____ components of human responses that separate them from analogous responses that animals would have.
For example, Cooley contrasts love and lust. Although lust is instinctive, we learn ____ love is through social interaction.
In other words, sentiment relies not just on the ____ of the individual to the stimulus but also on how other human beings understand that stimulus.
In later years, as social psychologists have come ____ increasingly accept that social elements are a key piece of emotions, the idea of sentiment has become less distinguishable from that of emotion.
In contemporary work, ____ psychologists often use the term sentiment to distinguish immediate emotional responses from longer-term emotional states such as love, grief, and jealousy.
These sentiments can endure for days, weeks, and even years after ____ initial event that triggered them.
8 화석이 되기 위한 조건
To become a fossil is a long and involved process, ____ is an unlikely outcome for the vast majority of individuals.
The most obvious requirement for an organism to end up as a fossil ____ that it must become entombed within rock, usually by burial.
____ are many chances that can prevent this happening.
If a mollusc with two shells has the ____ to be killed by a predator, then the soft parts will be eaten.
The predator will probably have to break at least one ____ the shells to gain access to the flesh, so it is unlikely that both shells will survive intact.
Even if they ____ the two shells may become separated.
On the other hand, if the organism dies a natural death, although the soft parts of the body will almost certainly rot away, neither shell ____ likely to be damaged.
The shells are held together at the hinge by fibrous tissues, which are among the last to rot, so there is a reasonable chance that the two shells will remain held together until ____ become buried.
9 사회적 보상과 신경 경로
Sometimes, ____ monkey grooms another monkey and gets nothing in return.
Sometimes an ape ____ a mate and gets completely ignored.
Cortisol prompts a mammal to try something different, but after a few disappointments it can be hard for ____ mammal to predict where to invest its energy.
This ____ why we often fall back on the neural superhighways we myelinated in youth.
Your electricity flows ____ down the pathways built by behaviors that were reliably rewarded in your past.
Maybe it was scoring a touchdown, ____ joining friends to watch your favorite quarterback score.
Of course, carrying a ball across a line does not meet real survival ____ but dopamine surges when you expect a social reward.
Each brain predicts social ____ from its own life experience.
Maybe you lived in a world where social rewards went to someone who cooked a big ____ or solved a big equation or found a bar open after hours.
There ____ limitless ways to get social rewards, but the ones we observe and enjoy in youth build expectations that last.
Just as repeated social disappointments can lead individuals to return to familiar behaviors reinforced in their youth, the ____ relies on past experiences and neural pathways to predict and seek out rewarding experiences.
10 거짓말 탐지와 직관의 한계
____ determine whether a person is lying, we tend to rely heavily on intuition.
Unless we catch a lie on factual grounds, the only indicators of a person’s dishonesty are tone of voice, body language, and facial expressions — signs that may be too subtle for us to consciously recognize but that can still ____ a strong gut feeling.
The ____ is that while we can practice our skills at evaluating others’ truthfulness in social interactions, without clear feedback on whether our judgments are correct we don’t know if we’re erring on the side of gullibility or of distrustfulness.
____ means we’re unable to improve over time.
Though many people believe they’re quite good at distinguishing truths from ____ almost no one in the general population performs with higher than chance accuracy.
On average, even police officers, lawyers, judges, psychiatrists, and members of ____ groups that encounter more frequent and serious lies than ordinary people perform no better.
11~12 연민의 개념과 변화
In ancient times, not each and every kind of suffering ____ pity.
No one was supposed to feel pity for ____ tortured, and killed enemies.
Neither slaves nor Christian martyrs deserved ____
Later on, religious communities that preached the gospel of brotherly love and love of ____ found no difficulty in denying it to those who did not belong and believe.
This attitude only started to change during the ____ century.
Playwrights reviving the Aristotelian concept of catharsis discovered pity as the most natural ____ most moral human faculty that should be cultivated by theater, literature, and music.
Philosophers who sought a moral foundation ____ modern civil society praised pity and sympathy as counter-forces of self-love and egoism.
Novelists were eager to devise plots and stories that would elicit the readers’ ____ inspiring them to become sensitive and sensible citizens.
At the same ____ hundreds of thousands of European and North American men and women campaigned for the ending of slavery and the liberation of slaves.
Fueled ____ an “imagined empathy” and using a language of love for those “brothers” and “sisters” whose freedom and human dignity were violated, they engaged in an unprecedented — and ultimately successful — struggle against the slave trade and the institution of slavery.