1강 필자의 주장·글의 요지
기출 지나친 걱정으로 인한 불필요한 고통
Our ability to respond to danger has been important for survival, so feeling worried in ____ situations is normal.
Feelings of worry, ____ are activated in anticipation of future events, are often experienced in everyday situations.
For ____, we may feel nervous imagining unlikely events, such as a computer crashing during an important presentation.
To some extent, ____ through potential scenarios can be helpful.
When our ____ exceed our control, however, they cause us unnecessary suffering.
Consider how many times you have lost sleep thinking about a terrible situation, which, in the ____, did not actually take place.
If that situation ____ occurred, it only goes to show that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from happening.
It is worth making a conscious effort, then, to ____ worrying endlessly about events you may not experience.
1 연구에서 획기적 발견을 낳는 능력
We like to think that breakthroughs in research are the result of a simple process of gathering evidence, from ____ we then draw logical inferences.
But this is the way the ____ of discovery is told, rather than how it actually happens.
For this, we first need the ability to analyse concepts and, out of ____, create new patterns, through which we look at the world and organise our information about it.
Once ____ revealed the pattern of ideas at the heart of our concept, we can then manipulate it and form new ones.
Many of the most significant breakthroughs in our understanding have come about ____ because researchers have new or better data, but because of the quality of their thinking and the type of concepts they create.
In many cases, when researchers have been faced with stubborn problems that defy solution, the answers have only ____ come as a result of being able to think outside the accepted concepts and methods of their disciplines.
2 팀 내 팀워크 중심 문화 구축
Proactive measures for motivating teams include promotions and ____ increases contingent upon 'teamwork' success.
In addition, it's important to continue to sweeten the pot, so to ____.
All new hires would be evaluated on a set of personality characteristics held in as high regard as education, experience, and ____ competence.
If teams are ____ to be the measure of success in the organization, the existing paradigm of the 'individual' has to be eliminated.
I worked in one company that had a number of prima donnas in key ____.
I could never understand why ____ people were kept on the payroll.
No matter what technical skills these people had, they were frequently ____ as barriers that, instead of being removed, were worked around.
People complained about the friction occurring in meetings with these people where business issues were ____ to be resolved.
Instead, what little teamwork might have evolved was never ____ a chance.
A team-centered culture ____ even begin to take shape with individuals such as these.
3 매체의 정의와 속성
Medium is Latin for 'in between', and a medium can be ____ as a mediator, something that enables communication across time and space.
Media are the material aspects of human ____.
News ____ us about recent events.
Literature ____ provide existential insights.
Architecture not only ____ shelter but also communicates social power relations.
____ communicates ideas about the human body and about social norms.
In the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan was already defining medium as '____ extension of man.'
Thus, the list of material objects that can function as a medium is endless and it ____ even other physical phenomena like light or sound waves, and our own bodies.
In other words, once we become interested in the ____ aspect of human communication, media suddenly turn out to be everywhere.
And anything and everything can be ____ as a medium.
White pebbles on a beach are not usually a medium, but the white stones that Hansel, in the fairy ____ by the Brothers Grimm, drops as he goes into the woods are definitely a media product, conveying a simple but important message: 'We came this way.'
4 AI 사용을 통한 기업의 정보 수집
It is crucial to recognise the potential ethical considerations arising from ____ AI in market research.
For example, given that researchers use historical data to train the optimising process of AI algorithms, there is a risk that the algorithm may reinforce ____ traits and/or discriminatory performances.
Another underlying concern arises through how data is ____ and analysed on the Internet and social media.
In some cases, it is not evident that the purpose of a website or an online game is to capture leads, and, in other cases, parts of social media conversations are taken without asking permission from the interlocutors, all of which may raise privacy concerns and/or violations of data protection ____.
To ____ these risks, companies must prioritise ethical considerations and ensure transparency and accountability in using AI.
It includes regular evaluations of AI models for potential bias or discrimination behaviour, being transparent with customers about how data is collected and used, and allowing customers to freely opt in or opt out of information ____.
5 발리 전통 음악에 대한 문화 간 인식 차이
The Canadian ethnomusicologist Colin McPhee claimed in 1935 that Balinese music is utilitarian, 'not to be listened to in itself' and ____ no emotion.
Rather, he said, it is simply, like flowers, a necessary component of ceremony, as though someone had said 'We need three hours of music here' in the same way that they might specify the necessary dimensions of the meeting ____.
Anthropologist Margaret Mead later argued that this did not mean listeners derive no enjoyment from the performance, but she suggested that this pleasure came from the ____ aspects themselves — from 'the way in which music is played rather than the music'.
No one would, in that sense, be saying 'Oh, I ____ this song'.
Yet these responses may have been the result of the Western observers' distance from Balinese culture; certainly, modern listeners to gamelan seem to ____ aesthetic satisfaction from it.
The ethnomusicologist Marc Benamou cautions that aesthetic and emotional judgements about music can be tricky to compare across cultures: Javanese people don't necessarily recognize the same categories of musical affect (happy/sad, say) as ____ in the West.