1강 필자의 주장·글의 요지
기출 지나친 걱정으로 인한 불필요한 고통
Our ability to respond to danger has been important for survival, so feeling worried in ____ situations is normal.
Feelings of worry, which are ____ in anticipation of future events, are often experienced in everyday situations.
For example, we may feel ____ imagining unlikely events, such as a computer crashing during an important presentation.
To some extent, thinking through potential scenarios ____ be helpful.
When our ____ exceed our control, however, they cause us unnecessary suffering.
Consider how many times you have lost sleep thinking about a ____ situation, which, in the end, did not actually take place.
If that situation ____ occurred, it only goes to show that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from happening.
It is worth making a conscious ____, then, to stop worrying endlessly about events you may not experience.
1 연구에서 획기적 발견을 낳는 능력
We like to think that breakthroughs in research are the ____ of a simple process of gathering evidence, from which we then draw logical inferences.
But this is the way the story of discovery is told, rather than how it ____ happens.
For this, we first need the ability to analyse concepts and, ____ of them, create new patterns, through which we look at the world and organise our information about it.
Once we've revealed the pattern of ideas at the heart of our concept, we can then manipulate it and ____ new ones.
Many of the most significant ____ in our understanding have come about not because researchers have new or better data, but because of the quality of their thinking and the type of concepts they create.
In many cases, when researchers ____ been faced with stubborn problems that defy solution, the answers have only finally come as a result of being able to think outside the accepted concepts and methods of their disciplines.
2 팀 내 팀워크 중심 문화 구축
Proactive measures for motivating teams include promotions and ____ increases contingent upon 'teamwork' success.
In addition, it's important to ____ to sweeten the pot, so to speak.
All new ____ would be evaluated on a set of personality characteristics held in as high regard as education, experience, and technical competence.
If teams are going to be the measure of success in the organization, the existing paradigm of the 'individual' ____ to be eliminated.
I worked in one company that had a number of prima ____ in key areas.
I ____ never understand why these people were kept on the payroll.
No matter what ____ skills these people had, they were frequently mentioned as barriers that, instead of being removed, were worked around.
People complained about the friction occurring in meetings with these people where business issues were ____ to be resolved.
Instead, what little teamwork might have evolved was never given a ____.
A team-centered culture cannot even begin to take shape with individuals such as ____.
3 매체의 정의와 속성
Medium is Latin for 'in between', and a medium can be seen as a mediator, ____ that enables communication across time and space.
____ are the material aspects of human communication.
____ informs us about recent events.
Literature can provide existential ____.
Architecture not only provides shelter but also communicates social ____ relations.
Fashion communicates ideas about the human ____ and about social norms.
In the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan was already defining medium as 'any extension of ____.'
Thus, the list of material ____ that can function as a medium is endless and it involves even other physical phenomena like light or sound waves, and our own bodies.
In other words, once we become interested in the material aspect of human communication, ____ suddenly turn out to be everywhere.
And anything and ____ can be used as a medium.
White pebbles on a beach are not usually a medium, but the white ____ that Hansel, in the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, drops as he goes into the woods are definitely a media product, conveying a simple but important message: 'We came this way.'
4 AI 사용을 통한 기업의 정보 수집
It is crucial to recognise the potential ethical ____ arising from using AI in market research.
For example, given that researchers use historical data to train the ____ process of AI algorithms, there is a risk that the algorithm may reinforce biased traits and/or discriminatory performances.
Another underlying concern arises through how data is collected and ____ on the Internet and social media.
In ____ cases, it is not evident that the purpose of a website or an online game is to capture leads, and, in other cases, parts of social media conversations are taken without asking permission from the interlocutors, all of which may raise privacy concerns and/or violations of data protection laws.
To reduce these risks, companies must prioritise ethical considerations and ensure transparency and ____ in using AI.
It ____ regular evaluations of AI models for potential bias or discrimination behaviour, being transparent with customers about how data is collected and used, and allowing customers to freely opt in or opt out of information provision.
5 발리 전통 음악에 대한 문화 간 인식 차이
The Canadian ethnomusicologist Colin McPhee ____ in 1935 that Balinese music is utilitarian, 'not to be listened to in itself' and containing no emotion.
Rather, he said, it is simply, like flowers, a necessary component of ceremony, as though someone had said 'We need three hours of music here' in the same way that they might specify the necessary ____ of the meeting hall.
Anthropologist Margaret Mead later argued that this did not mean listeners derive no enjoyment from the performance, but she suggested that this ____ came from the performance aspects themselves — from 'the way in which music is played rather than the music'.
No one ____, in that sense, be saying 'Oh, I love this song'.
Yet these responses ____ have been the result of the Western observers' distance from Balinese culture; certainly, modern listeners to gamelan seem to derive aesthetic satisfaction from it.
The ethnomusicologist Marc Benamou cautions that aesthetic and emotional judgements about music can be tricky to compare across cultures: Javanese people don't necessarily recognize the same categories of musical affect (happy/sad, say) as ____ in the West.