1강 필자의 주장·글의 요지
기출 지나친 걱정으로 인한 불필요한 고통
Our ability to respond to danger has been important ____ survival, so feeling worried in uncertain situations is normal.
Feelings of worry, which are activated ____ anticipation of future events, are often experienced in everyday situations.
For example, we may feel nervous imagining unlikely ____ such as a computer crashing during an important presentation.
To some extent, thinking through potential ____ can be helpful.
____ our worries exceed our control, however, they cause us unnecessary suffering.
Consider how many times you have lost sleep ____ about a terrible situation, which, in the end, did not actually take place.
If that situation actually occurred, ____ only goes to show that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from happening.
It is worth making a conscious effort, then, to stop worrying endlessly ____ events you may not experience.
1 연구에서 획기적 발견을 낳는 능력
We like to think that breakthroughs in research are the result of a simple process of gathering ____ from which we then draw logical inferences.
But this is the way the story of discovery is told, rather than how it ____ happens.
For this, we first need the ability to analyse concepts and, out of them, create ____ patterns, through which we look at the world and organise our information about it.
Once we've revealed the pattern of ideas at the heart of our concept, we can ____ manipulate it and form new ones.
Many of the most significant breakthroughs in ____ understanding have come about not because researchers have new or better data, but because of the quality of their thinking and the type of concepts they create.
In many cases, when researchers have been faced with stubborn problems that defy solution, the answers have only finally come as a result of being able to think outside the accepted concepts and methods of ____ disciplines.
2 팀 내 팀워크 중심 문화 구축
Proactive measures for motivating teams include promotions and salary increases contingent upon 'teamwork' ____
In addition, it's important to continue ____ sweeten the pot, so to speak.
All new hires would be evaluated on a set of personality characteristics held in as high ____ as education, experience, and technical competence.
If teams are going to be the measure of success ____ the organization, the existing paradigm of the 'individual' has to be eliminated.
____ worked in one company that had a number of prima donnas in key areas.
I could never understand why these ____ were kept on the payroll.
____ matter what technical skills these people had, they were frequently mentioned as barriers that, instead of being removed, were worked around.
People complained about the friction occurring in meetings with these people where business issues were supposed to ____ resolved.
Instead, what little teamwork might have evolved was never given a ____
____ team-centered culture cannot even begin to take shape with individuals such as these.
3 매체의 정의와 속성
Medium is Latin for 'in between', ____ a medium can be seen as a mediator, something that enables communication across time and space.
Media ____ the material aspects of human communication.
News ____ us about recent events.
Literature ____ provide existential insights.
Architecture not only provides shelter but also ____ social power relations.
Fashion communicates ideas about the human body and about ____ norms.
In the 1960s, Marshall McLuhan was already defining medium as 'any extension ____ man.'
Thus, the list of material objects that can function ____ a medium is endless and it involves even other physical phenomena like light or sound waves, and our own bodies.
In other words, once we become interested in the material aspect of human communication, media suddenly ____ out to be everywhere.
And anything ____ everything can be used as a medium.
White pebbles on a beach are not ____ a medium, but the white stones that Hansel, in the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, drops as he goes into the woods are definitely a media product, conveying a simple but important message: 'We came this way.'
4 AI 사용을 통한 기업의 정보 수집
It is crucial to recognise the potential ethical considerations arising ____ using AI in market research.
For example, given that researchers use historical data to train the optimising process of AI algorithms, there is a risk that the ____ may reinforce biased traits and/or discriminatory performances.
Another underlying concern arises through how data is collected and ____ on the Internet and social media.
In some cases, it is not evident that ____ purpose of a website or an online game is to capture leads, and, in other cases, parts of social media conversations are taken without asking permission from the interlocutors, all of which may raise privacy concerns and/or violations of data protection laws.
To reduce these risks, ____ must prioritise ethical considerations and ensure transparency and accountability in using AI.
It includes regular evaluations of AI models for potential bias or discrimination behaviour, being transparent with customers about how data is collected and ____ and allowing customers to freely opt in or opt out of information provision.
5 발리 전통 음악에 대한 문화 간 인식 차이
The Canadian ethnomusicologist Colin McPhee claimed ____ 1935 that Balinese music is utilitarian, 'not to be listened to in itself' and containing no emotion.
Rather, he said, it ____ simply, like flowers, a necessary component of ceremony, as though someone had said 'We need three hours of music here' in the same way that they might specify the necessary dimensions of the meeting hall.
Anthropologist Margaret Mead later argued that this did not mean listeners derive no enjoyment from the performance, but she suggested that this pleasure came from the performance aspects themselves — from 'the way in which music ____ played rather than the music'.
No one would, ____ that sense, be saying 'Oh, I love this song'.
Yet these responses may have been the result of the Western observers' distance from Balinese ____ certainly, modern listeners to gamelan seem to derive aesthetic satisfaction from it.
The ethnomusicologist Marc Benamou cautions that aesthetic and emotional judgements ____ music can be tricky to compare across cultures: Javanese people don't necessarily recognize the same categories of musical affect (happy/sad, say) as those in the West.