기출 Practice 큰바우어새의 짝짓기에서 나타나는 지각적 편향
We know that animals ____ evolved a variety of patterns to manipulate the perceptions of their predators to afford themselves a modicum of safety.
Greater ____ birds utilize perceptual biases in the mating domain.
Males construct a bower; its function is to provide an arena in ____ males display to females standing in an avenue that leads up to the bower.
The males decorate the avenue with a variety of ____, such as stones and shells.
But they do not do so in a ____ manner.
The larger objects are placed closer to the bower and the smaller objects ____ away.
This ____ a forced perspective the opposite of the Cinderella Castle; the bower appears smaller than it actually is.
Endler and his colleagues suggested that the male courting in the bower now appears ____ and thus more attractive to the female.
Data on male mating success collected in the ____ supports their hypothesis.
1 인간이 이성적 존재임을 보여 주는 증거
A strong indication that humans are reasoning ____ is that they apply their moral concepts in flexible ways in particular situations or contexts.
People typically weigh and balance different considerations when making decisions and drawing conclusions ____ the parameters of situations.
The ____ example of findings in this regard comes from research on rights.
The evidence is clear that people in different ____ support individual rights in some situations and not others.
The parameters of the situation play a role in how judgments are made as to whether rights should be ____.
Other moral and social ____ are considered in relation to rights, and priorities are made as to which should take precedence.
The ____ point is that neither fixed attitudes nor the force of situations determines decisions.
People recognize the different moral and ____ components and evaluate their relative merits.
2 사회 참여 감소
As Putnam discusses in Bowling Alone, there has been a notable decline in face-to-face ____ interactions, leading to an erosion of social capital.
Most famously, as reflected in his book's title, Putnam pointed to the decline in bowling leagues as a metaphor for social ____.
While ____ people were bowling than ever before, league bowling dropped by 40 percent from 1970 to 1993.
His research depicts a society that has lost many ____ opportunities for communal bonding, giving rise to an era marked by isolation and detachment.
He connected the dissolution of civic organizations like ____ Clubs and social groups like bowling leagues with the drop in social trust among Americans and warned of the negative impact it has on our individual and collective lives.
He wrote, "The single most common finding from a half century's research on the correlates of life satisfaction, not only in the United States but around the world, is that happiness is best predicted by the breadth and depth of one's social ____."
3 목관 5중주단의 음악적 구조와 사회적 구조의 상관성
Ensembles with different structures may encounter different group ____.
For instance, Ford and ____ studied members of 20 professional and semi-professional wind quintets in the United Kingdom.
The technique and timbres of the instruments of the wind quintet (which typically comprises a flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn, and bassoon) are more distinct than those of string quartets, and intragroup dynamics ____ be quite different from quartets due to the odd number of members.
Dynamics inherent in the way the music is scored afford greater opportunities for democracy within the group, such as more equality and interchangeability among musical parts (e.g., the flute is often assigned the melody, but sometimes also plays an ____ part).
Unlike the more rigid string quartet, ____ is also more flexibility in seating arrangements for wind quintets.
In addition, although the flute player was most frequently named as the leader, members of wind quintets were less likely to identify a clear leader than members of string quartets in Murnighan and Conlon's ____.
Instead, Ford and Davidson noted that in most of the quintets, players 'took equal ____ for leading the ensemble.'
The musical structure and social ____ of the group seem to reflect each other.
4 어려운 과제에 더 집중하는 아이들
Children will engage with materials more purposefully, and for longer, when there is some ambiguity ____, and thus, something they are interested in figuring out.
In studies of toddlers and preschoolers, researchers have found that children spontaneously engage in more exploratory play, and use more strategies for testing evidence, with a toy designed to be difficult to figure ____.
In one study, young children explored a lightbox that appeared to turn on and off when different blocks were ____ on it.
In one condition, the same block ____ turned the box on or off.
In another, inconsistent results were included; for ____, a block that had previously turned the box on did not the next time.
When faced with inconsistent and difficult-to-interpret results, children spent more time exploring the lightbox and were more likely to provide causal explanations (trying to understand why the objects did and did not ____ on the lightbox).
Further, researchers found that when children proposed causal explanations, they tried out ____ strategies for testing their ideas.
5 맥락의 중요성
Context is crucial to the proper interpretation and understanding of linguistic utterances, and a careful thinker ought to keep in mind the ____ of drawing potentially misleading interpretations from a passage if no attention is given to possible differences in context, intention, vocal emphasis, and punctuation.
In ____, we should keep in mind that even the literal truth can sometimes be used to deceive or mislead.
In explaining some of the differences between ____ and American conceptions of justice, for instance, Tom Cowan tells the story of a sea captain confronted with the question of what to do about a mate whose love for the bottle was getting out of control.
At last, after one too many mishaps, the captain had no choice but to state on the ship's ____: "The mate was drunk today."
The mate wasn't too pleased with this turn of events, and so on a day when it was his turn to write on the ship's log, he took his revenge and ____ on the log: "The captain was sober today!"