기출 Practice 큰바우어새의 짝짓기에서 나타나는 지각적 편향
We know that animals have evolved a variety of patterns to manipulate the perceptions of their predators to ____ themselves a modicum of safety.
Greater Bower birds utilize perceptual biases in the mating ____.
Males construct a bower; its function is to provide an arena in ____ males display to females standing in an avenue that leads up to the bower.
The males decorate the avenue with a variety of objects, such as stones and ____.
But they do ____ do so in a chaotic manner.
The larger objects are placed closer to the bower and the smaller objects ____ away.
This creates a forced perspective the opposite of the ____ Castle; the bower appears smaller than it actually is.
Endler and his colleagues suggested that the male courting in the bower now ____ larger and thus more attractive to the female.
Data on male ____ success collected in the wild supports their hypothesis.
1 인간이 이성적 존재임을 보여 주는 증거
A strong indication that ____ are reasoning beings is that they apply their moral concepts in flexible ways in particular situations or contexts.
People typically weigh and ____ different considerations when making decisions and drawing conclusions within the parameters of situations.
The ____ example of findings in this regard comes from research on rights.
The evidence is clear that people in different ____ support individual rights in some situations and not others.
The parameters of the situation play a ____ in how judgments are made as to whether rights should be upheld.
Other moral and social considerations are considered in ____ to rights, and priorities are made as to which should take precedence.
The main ____ is that neither fixed attitudes nor the force of situations determines decisions.
____ recognize the different moral and social components and evaluate their relative merits.
2 사회 참여 감소
As Putnam discusses in Bowling Alone, there has been a ____ decline in face-to-face social interactions, leading to an erosion of social capital.
Most famously, as reflected in his ____ title, Putnam pointed to the decline in bowling leagues as a metaphor for social disengagement.
While more people were bowling than ever before, league bowling dropped by 40 percent ____ 1970 to 1993.
His ____ depicts a society that has lost many foundational opportunities for communal bonding, giving rise to an era marked by isolation and detachment.
He connected the dissolution of civic organizations like Lions Clubs and social groups ____ bowling leagues with the drop in social trust among Americans and warned of the negative impact it has on our individual and collective lives.
He wrote, "The single most common finding from a half century's research on the correlates of life satisfaction, not only in the ____ States but around the world, is that happiness is best predicted by the breadth and depth of one's social connections."
3 목관 5중주단의 음악적 구조와 사회적 구조의 상관성
Ensembles with different ____ may encounter different group dynamics.
For instance, Ford and Davidson studied members of 20 professional and semi-professional wind quintets in the ____ Kingdom.
The technique and timbres of the instruments of the wind quintet (which typically comprises a flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn, and bassoon) are more distinct than those of string quartets, and intragroup ____ may be quite different from quartets due to the odd number of members.
Dynamics inherent in the way the music is scored afford ____ opportunities for democracy within the group, such as more equality and interchangeability among musical parts (e.g., the flute is often assigned the melody, but sometimes also plays an inner part).
____ the more rigid string quartet, there is also more flexibility in seating arrangements for wind quintets.
In addition, although the flute player was most frequently named as the leader, members of wind quintets were less likely to identify a clear leader than members of ____ quartets in Murnighan and Conlon's study.
Instead, Ford and Davidson noted that in most of the quintets, players 'took ____ responsibility for leading the ensemble.'
The musical structure and social structure of the ____ seem to reflect each other.
4 어려운 과제에 더 집중하는 아이들
Children ____ engage with materials more purposefully, and for longer, when there is some ambiguity involved, and thus, something they are interested in figuring out.
In studies of toddlers and ____, researchers have found that children spontaneously engage in more exploratory play, and use more strategies for testing evidence, with a toy designed to be difficult to figure out.
In one study, young children ____ a lightbox that appeared to turn on and off when different blocks were placed on it.
In one condition, the same block always ____ the box on or off.
In another, inconsistent results were included; for example, a block that had previously turned the box on did not the next ____.
When faced with inconsistent and difficult-to-interpret results, children spent more time exploring the lightbox and were more likely to ____ causal explanations (trying to understand why the objects did and did not turn on the lightbox).
Further, researchers found that ____ children proposed causal explanations, they tried out more strategies for testing their ideas.
5 맥락의 중요성
Context is crucial to the proper interpretation and understanding of linguistic utterances, and a careful thinker ought to keep in mind the possibility of ____ potentially misleading interpretations from a passage if no attention is given to possible differences in context, intention, vocal emphasis, and punctuation.
In fact, we should keep in mind that even the literal truth can sometimes be ____ to deceive or mislead.
In explaining some of the differences between British and American conceptions of justice, for instance, Tom Cowan tells the story of a sea captain confronted with the question of what to do ____ a mate whose love for the bottle was getting out of control.
At last, after one too many mishaps, the captain had no choice but to state on the ship's log: "The mate was ____ today."
The mate ____ too pleased with this turn of events, and so on a day when it was his turn to write on the ship's log, he took his revenge and recorded on the log: "The captain was sober today!"