기출 Practice 큰바우어새의 짝짓기에서 나타나는 지각적 편향
We know that animals have evolved a variety of ____ to manipulate the perceptions of their predators to afford themselves a modicum of safety.
Greater Bower birds utilize perceptual ____ in the mating domain.
____ construct a bower; its function is to provide an arena in which males display to females standing in an avenue that leads up to the bower.
The males decorate the ____ with a variety of objects, such as stones and shells.
But they do not do so in a chaotic ____.
The larger objects are placed closer to the ____ and the smaller objects farther away.
This creates a forced perspective the ____ of the Cinderella Castle; the bower appears smaller than it actually is.
Endler and his colleagues suggested that the male courting in the bower ____ appears larger and thus more attractive to the female.
Data on male mating success collected in the ____ supports their hypothesis.
1 인간이 이성적 존재임을 보여 주는 증거
A strong indication that humans are reasoning beings is that they apply their moral ____ in flexible ways in particular situations or contexts.
People typically weigh and balance different considerations when making decisions and drawing conclusions within the parameters of ____.
The clearest example of ____ in this regard comes from research on rights.
The evidence is clear that people in different cultures support ____ rights in some situations and not others.
The parameters of the situation play a role in ____ judgments are made as to whether rights should be upheld.
Other moral and social considerations are considered in relation to rights, and priorities are made as to which ____ take precedence.
The main point is that neither fixed attitudes nor the force of situations determines ____.
People recognize the different moral and social components and evaluate their relative ____.
2 사회 참여 감소
As Putnam discusses in Bowling Alone, there has been a ____ decline in face-to-face social interactions, leading to an erosion of social capital.
Most famously, as ____ in his book's title, Putnam pointed to the decline in bowling leagues as a metaphor for social disengagement.
While more people were bowling than ever before, ____ bowling dropped by 40 percent from 1970 to 1993.
His research depicts a society that has lost many foundational opportunities for communal ____, giving rise to an era marked by isolation and detachment.
He connected the dissolution of civic organizations like Lions Clubs and social groups like bowling leagues with the drop in social trust among Americans and warned of the negative impact it ____ on our individual and collective lives.
He wrote, "The single most common finding from a half century's research on the correlates of life satisfaction, not only in the United States but around the world, is that happiness is best predicted by the breadth and depth of one's ____ connections."
3 목관 5중주단의 음악적 구조와 사회적 구조의 상관성
Ensembles with different structures may encounter ____ group dynamics.
For instance, Ford and Davidson studied ____ of 20 professional and semi-professional wind quintets in the United Kingdom.
The technique and timbres of the ____ of the wind quintet (which typically comprises a flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn, and bassoon) are more distinct than those of string quartets, and intragroup dynamics may be quite different from quartets due to the odd number of members.
Dynamics inherent in the way the music is scored afford ____ opportunities for democracy within the group, such as more equality and interchangeability among musical parts (e.g., the flute is often assigned the melody, but sometimes also plays an inner part).
Unlike the more rigid string quartet, there is ____ more flexibility in seating arrangements for wind quintets.
In addition, although the flute player was most frequently named as the leader, members of wind quintets were less likely to identify a clear ____ than members of string quartets in Murnighan and Conlon's study.
Instead, Ford and Davidson noted that in ____ of the quintets, players 'took equal responsibility for leading the ensemble.'
The musical structure and social structure of the group seem to reflect ____ other.
4 어려운 과제에 더 집중하는 아이들
Children will engage with materials more purposefully, and for longer, when there is some ambiguity involved, and thus, something they are interested in figuring ____.
In studies of toddlers and preschoolers, researchers have found that children spontaneously engage in more ____ play, and use more strategies for testing evidence, with a toy designed to be difficult to figure out.
In one study, young ____ explored a lightbox that appeared to turn on and off when different blocks were placed on it.
In one condition, the same block always turned the ____ on or off.
In another, inconsistent results were included; for ____, a block that had previously turned the box on did not the next time.
When faced with inconsistent and difficult-to-interpret results, children spent more time ____ the lightbox and were more likely to provide causal explanations (trying to understand why the objects did and did not turn on the lightbox).
Further, researchers ____ that when children proposed causal explanations, they tried out more strategies for testing their ideas.
5 맥락의 중요성
Context is crucial to the proper interpretation and understanding of ____ utterances, and a careful thinker ought to keep in mind the possibility of drawing potentially misleading interpretations from a passage if no attention is given to possible differences in context, intention, vocal emphasis, and punctuation.
In fact, we should keep in mind that even the literal truth can sometimes be used to deceive or ____.
In explaining some of the differences between British and American conceptions of justice, for instance, Tom Cowan tells the story of a ____ captain confronted with the question of what to do about a mate whose love for the bottle was getting out of control.
At last, ____ one too many mishaps, the captain had no choice but to state on the ship's log: "The mate was drunk today."
The mate wasn't too pleased with this turn of events, and so on a day when it was his ____ to write on the ship's log, he took his revenge and recorded on the log: "The captain was sober today!"