2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you go to the store to buy a gallon of milk, ____ probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you did, they would expect you to show up at a spigot with a jug you ____ fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows from which the milk comes are all part of ____ product.

Consumers may say they want (or need) milk but providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy ____ consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details of what consumers of ____ milk truly want.

In this example, we ____ to milk as the core product, but not the entire product.

The ____ mode network (DMN) is one neural network.

It is located in ____ the prefrontal and parietal lobes in the brain.

This network of interconnected brain regions is active when you are not focused on the outside ____ but rather focused internally.

It is who you are ____ untouched by stimuli.

This is the place where memories, a collection of events and knowledge about yourself, ____ housed.

It’s known to be the home ____ mind wandering, dreams, and daydreaming.

It helps you optimize what ____ need to remember, and what you need to forget.

It aids in ____ your future.

It’s a catalyst for wondering, and it’s also the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit ____

When you’re making art, how you choose to express yourself ____ in part from this network.

The DMN is a filter for what you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of ____

Though there can be great advantages attached to radical designing, ____ are also often new kinds of risks that arise.

One such example is the introduction ____ the jet engine.

Not very long after the jet engine had been introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such ____ — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at ____ higher altitudes than previous aircraft had done.

This ____ that cabins had to be pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were subjected to greater stresses than ____

That, in ____ led to metal fatigue and ultimately to disaster.

What this proves ____ that existing frameworks designed to safeguard certain moral values — in this case safety — cannot be automatically transferred to radical designs.

When choosing between normal and ____ designs there are also, therefore, moral considerations alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to predictions of a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence that extreme levels of exercise are either ____ or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have ____ that elite athletes, especially those who do endurance sports, live longer and require less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that ____ might have better genes than the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have higher or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even ____ analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the standard recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not have significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to support a cell that is unhealthy and threatened from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ____

The immune cell cannot halt the damaging factors and the lack of resources resulting from the unnatural environment ____ our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a soda, filter your water, ____ off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its disposal: it will recruit more immune ____ send out more inflammatory signals, and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the problems don’t resolve, because the damaging environmental inputs ____ resolve.

This is the root ____ chronic inflammation.

Every culture provides its members with a ____ of lessons.

Among the lessons learned are how to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand ____ another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By instructing its members, culture guides behavior and communication, showing members how to act, think, talk, and ____

In effect, ____ is ubiquitous in every aspect of our lives. Its influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It is in the food we eat, the music we listen to, the art we appreciate, the games we play, and ____ friends we make.

It is ____ entire social interaction with the world that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in turn, we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses a challenge to corporate social responsibility because damage to ecosystems ____ poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to business activity.

Further, a high degree of stakeholder engagement and local responsiveness is required ____ address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on the environment such as the loss of marine life from an ____ spill.

____ responsibility is evident in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the environmental ____ of business activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global scale.

Biodiversity loss that ____ through the global spread of invasive species provides such an example.

Companies are likely to be sceptical of their indirect impact on ____ environment and to demand sufficient scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof is generally placed on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often goes unrecognized as a ____ of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other ____ means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little accountability for environmental damage that accrues while sufficient evidence is gathered.

When ____ explain why improbable events could not occur in real life, their justifications are similar to those provided for impossible events.

They claim a person ____ own a lion for a pet because it might bite you or because you could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not searching ____ principled, lawlike reasons why the event cannot occur.

____ they did, they would realize that no such reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a lot of ____ and so forth.

These are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it ____ be impossible, and children must learn to distinguish the two.

Indeed, as children begin to distinguish improbable events ____ impossible ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a reason why an event is ____ may yield the realization that it’s possible after all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment ____ answer the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other pedestrians look up too?”

She found a strong association between her looking up and ____ pedestrians’ looking up.

Does this ____ reflect a causal effect?

Well, by ____ of a randomized experiment, confounding bias is not expected in this study.

However, there was another potential problem: ____ analysis included only those pedestrians that, after having been part of the experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to look up anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who felt tricked) were ____ likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of whom the ____ looked up (a reason to decline participation) are less likely to be shy (an additional reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

____ is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ looking up, regardless of whether one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias ____ the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and of how human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a purely objective manner, ____ always do so through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes ____ reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad sense, bias is not necessarily bad.

Yet, ____ certain conditions, bias can be unfair or lead to discrimination.

AI systems are ____ by human beings, and fed data collected and shaped by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their decisions also reflect the individual and societal biases of their ____ and users for better or worse.

It is thus crucial to ____ this risk, even if unjust bias in machines is not always easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias isn’t always harmful when it comes ____ understanding the world, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of the self involve volition: making choices and decisions, taking responsibility, initiating and ____ behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self exerts control ____ itself and over the external world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent work has shown that a great deal of ____ behavior is influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some portion involves ____ conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that portion may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown ____ 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, predictable responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not afford to ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably driven straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as by building cars ____ steering wheels) would seriously compromise the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the same token, the relatively few active, controlling choices by the self greatly increase the self’s ____ of achieving its goals.

And if those few “steering” choices by the self are important, then so is whatever internal structure of the self is ____ for it.