2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you go to the store to buy a gallon of milk, you probably think of milk as the product, and ____ many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you ____ they would expect you to show up at a spigot with a jug you could fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, ____ placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows from which the milk comes are all part of the product.

Consumers may say they want ____ need) milk but providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details of what consumers of the ____ truly want.

In this example, we refer to milk as the core product, but ____ the entire product.

The default ____ network (DMN) is one neural network.

It is located in ____ the prefrontal and parietal lobes in the brain.

This network of interconnected brain regions is active when you are not focused on the outside ____ but rather focused internally.

It is who you are when ____ by stimuli.

This is the place where memories, a ____ of events and knowledge about yourself, are housed.

____ known to be the home of mind wandering, dreams, and daydreaming.

It helps you optimize what you need to remember, ____ what you need to forget.

____ aids in envisioning your future.

____ a catalyst for wondering, and it’s also the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit goal.

When you’re making art, how ____ choose to express yourself comes in part from this network.

The DMN is a filter for what you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the ____ and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of us.

Though there can be great advantages attached to radical designing, there ____ also often new kinds of risks that arise.

One such ____ is the introduction of the jet engine.

Not very long after the jet engine ____ been introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at much higher ____ than previous aircraft had done.

This meant that cabins had to ____ pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some ____ of the fuselage were subjected to greater stresses than before.

That, in turn, led to metal fatigue and ultimately ____ disaster.

What this proves is that existing frameworks designed to safeguard certain moral values — in this case safety — cannot be automatically transferred ____ radical designs.

When choosing ____ normal and radical designs there are also, therefore, moral considerations alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to predictions of a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence ____ extreme levels of exercise are either harmful or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite athletes, especially those who do endurance sports, live longer and ____ less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes than the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have higher or lower ____ of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even larger analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the standard recommended dose of 150 ____ per week did not have significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune ____ trying to support a cell that is unhealthy and threatened from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot ____ the damaging factors and the lack of resources resulting from the unnatural environment of our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a soda, filter your water, turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from ____ hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its disposal: it will recruit more immune cells, send out more inflammatory ____ and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the problems don’t resolve, ____ the damaging environmental inputs never resolve.

This is ____ root of chronic inflammation.

Every ____ provides its members with a series of lessons.

Among the lessons learned ____ how to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By instructing its members, culture guides behavior and communication, ____ members how to act, think, talk, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous in every ____ of our lives. Its influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It ____ in the food we eat, the music we listen to, the art we appreciate, the games we play, and the friends we make.

It is our entire social interaction with the world that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in ____ we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses a challenge to corporate social responsibility because damage ____ ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to business activity.

Further, a high degree ____ stakeholder engagement and local responsiveness is required to address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on the environment such as ____ loss of marine life from an oil spill.

Corporate responsibility ____ evident in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the environmental impact of ____ activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global scale.

Biodiversity loss ____ occurs through the global spread of invasive species provides such an example.

Companies are likely to be sceptical of their indirect impact on the environment and to demand ____ scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof ____ generally placed on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often goes unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little accountability for environmental damage that accrues while sufficient evidence ____ gathered.

When children explain why improbable events could not occur in real ____ their justifications are similar to those provided for impossible events.

They claim a person couldn’t own a lion for a ____ because it might bite you or because you could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not ____ for principled, lawlike reasons why the event cannot occur.

If they did, they would ____ that no such reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how ____ event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a lot of noise, and so forth.

These ____ reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it would be impossible, and children must learn to distinguish the two.

Indeed, as children begin to ____ improbable events from impossible ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a ____ why an event is impossible may yield the realization that it’s possible after all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment ____ answer the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other pedestrians look up too?”

She found a strong association between her ____ up and other pedestrians’ looking up.

Does this association reflect a causal ____

Well, by definition of a randomized experiment, confounding bias ____ not expected in this study.

However, there was another potential problem: The analysis included only those pedestrians that, after having been part of the experiment, gave consent for their ____ to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to look ____ anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who felt tricked) were less likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of ____ the investigator looked up (a reason to decline participation) are less likely to be shy (an additional reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other ____ looking up, regardless of whether one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and ____ how human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a ____ objective manner, but always do so through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In ____ broad sense, bias is not necessarily bad.

____ under certain conditions, bias can be unfair or lead to discrimination.

AI systems are developed by human beings, and fed data ____ and shaped by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their decisions also reflect the individual and societal biases of ____ creators and users for better or worse.

It is thus crucial to address this risk, even if unjust bias ____ machines is not always easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias isn’t always harmful when it comes to understanding the world, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring ____ careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of the self involve volition: making choices and ____ taking responsibility, initiating and inhibiting behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self exerts control over itself and over the ____ world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent work has shown that a great deal of human behavior is influenced by ____ or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some portion involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, ____ that portion may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, predictable ____ to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not afford to ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably driven straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as ____ building cars without steering wheels) would seriously compromise the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the same token, the relatively few active, controlling choices by the self ____ increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

____ if those few “steering” choices by the self are important, then so is whatever internal structure of the self is responsible for it.