2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If ____ go to the store to buy a gallon of milk, you probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you did, they would expect you to show up at a spigot with a jug you ____ fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows from which the milk comes are all part of the ____.

____ may say they want (or need) milk but providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as ____, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details of what consumers of the milk truly want.

In this example, we refer to milk as the core product, but not the entire ____.

The default mode network (DMN) is one ____ network.

It is located in ____ the prefrontal and parietal lobes in the brain.

This network of interconnected brain regions is active when you are not ____ on the outside world but rather focused internally.

It is who ____ are when untouched by stimuli.

This is the place where memories, a collection of events and knowledge about ____, are housed.

It’s known to be the ____ of mind wandering, dreams, and daydreaming.

It ____ you optimize what you need to remember, and what you need to forget.

It aids in ____ your future.

It’s a catalyst for wondering, and it’s also the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit ____.

When you’re making art, how you choose to express yourself ____ in part from this network.

The DMN is a filter for what you think is ____ or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of us.

Though there can be great advantages attached to radical designing, there are also often new kinds of ____ that arise.

One such ____ is the introduction of the jet engine.

Not very long after the jet engine had ____ introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at much ____ altitudes than previous aircraft had done.

This meant that cabins had to be pressurised to make ____ comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were subjected to greater ____ than before.

That, in turn, led to metal fatigue and ultimately to ____.

What this proves is that existing frameworks designed to safeguard certain ____ values — in this case safety — cannot be automatically transferred to radical designs.

When ____ between normal and radical designs there are also, therefore, moral considerations alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to predictions of a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence that extreme levels of ____ are either harmful or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite athletes, especially those who do endurance sports, live longer and ____ less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes than the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have higher or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who ____ moderately.

An even larger analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten ____ the standard recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not have significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to ____ a cell that is unhealthy and threatened from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot halt the damaging factors and the lack of resources resulting from the unnatural environment of our ____ industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a soda, filter your water, turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get ____ to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its disposal: it will recruit more immune cells, send out more inflammatory signals, and ____ keep fighting until things resolve.

But the problems don’t ____, because the damaging environmental inputs never resolve.

This is the root of chronic ____.

Every ____ provides its members with a series of lessons.

Among the lessons learned are how to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to ____ when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By ____ its members, culture guides behavior and communication, showing members how to act, think, talk, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous in every aspect of our lives. ____ influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It is in the food we eat, the music we listen to, the art we appreciate, the games we play, and the ____ we make.

It is our entire social interaction with the world that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in ____, we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses a challenge to corporate social responsibility because damage to ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to ____ activity.

Further, a high degree of stakeholder engagement and local ____ is required to address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on the ____ such as the loss of marine life from an oil spill.

Corporate ____ is evident in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the environmental impact of business activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global ____.

____ loss that occurs through the global spread of invasive species provides such an example.

Companies are likely to be sceptical of their indirect impact on the environment and to demand sufficient scientific ____ before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof is generally placed on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often ____ unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little ____ for environmental damage that accrues while sufficient evidence is gathered.

When children explain why ____ events could not occur in real life, their justifications are similar to those provided for impossible events.

They claim a person couldn’t own a ____ for a pet because it might bite you or because you could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not searching for principled, ____ reasons why the event cannot occur.

If they did, they would realize that no ____ reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given ____ they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a lot of noise, and so forth.

These are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not ____ why it would be impossible, and children must learn to distinguish the two.

Indeed, as children begin to distinguish improbable ____ from impossible ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a reason why an event is impossible may yield the realization that it’s possible ____ all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment to ____ the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other pedestrians look up too?”

She found a strong association ____ her looking up and other pedestrians’ looking up.

Does this association reflect a ____ effect?

Well, by definition of a ____ experiment, confounding bias is not expected in this study.

However, there was another potential problem: The analysis included only those pedestrians that, after ____ been part of the experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to look up anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who ____ tricked) were less likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in ____ of whom the investigator looked up (a reason to decline participation) are less likely to be shy (an additional reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ looking up, regardless of ____ one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and of how human beings ____.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a ____ objective manner, but always do so through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad sense, bias is ____ necessarily bad.

Yet, ____ certain conditions, bias can be unfair or lead to discrimination.

AI ____ are developed by human beings, and fed data collected and shaped by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their decisions also ____ the individual and societal biases of their creators and users for better or worse.

It is ____ crucial to address this risk, even if unjust bias in machines is not always easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias isn’t always harmful when it comes to understanding the ____, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of the self involve volition: making choices and decisions, taking responsibility, ____ and inhibiting behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self exerts control ____ itself and over the external world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent work has ____ that a great deal of human behavior is influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some portion involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that ____ may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, ____ responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not afford to ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably ____ straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as by building cars without steering wheels) would seriously compromise the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the ____ token, the relatively few active, controlling choices by the self greatly increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

And if those few “steering” choices by the ____ are important, then so is whatever internal structure of the self is responsible for it.