2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you go to the store to buy a ____ of milk, you probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that ____ thought as you did, they would expect you to show up at a spigot with a jug you could fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or ____ thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows from which the milk comes are all part of the product.

Consumers may say they want (or ____) milk but providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details of ____ consumers of the milk truly want.

In this example, we refer to milk as the core product, but not the ____ product.

The default mode network (____) is one neural network.

It is located in both the prefrontal and parietal ____ in the brain.

This network of interconnected brain regions is ____ when you are not focused on the outside world but rather focused internally.

It is ____ you are when untouched by stimuli.

This is the ____ where memories, a collection of events and knowledge about yourself, are housed.

It’s known to be the home of mind wandering, dreams, and ____.

It helps you optimize what you need to remember, and what ____ need to forget.

It aids in envisioning your ____.

____ a catalyst for wondering, and it’s also the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit goal.

When you’re making art, how you choose to express ____ comes in part from this network.

The DMN is a filter for what you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very ____ experience for each of us.

Though there can be great advantages attached to ____ designing, there are also often new kinds of risks that arise.

One such example is the introduction of the ____ engine.

Not very long after the jet engine had been introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — ____.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at ____ higher altitudes than previous aircraft had done.

This meant that ____ had to be pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were subjected to greater stresses ____ before.

That, in turn, led to ____ fatigue and ultimately to disaster.

What this proves is that existing frameworks designed to safeguard certain moral values — in this case safety — cannot be automatically transferred to ____ designs.

When choosing between normal and radical designs there are also, therefore, moral considerations alongside the technical ____.

Contrary to predictions of a U-shaped curve ____ exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence that extreme levels of exercise are either harmful or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite athletes, especially those who do endurance sports, live longer and require less medical ____ than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes than the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that ____ nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have higher or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even larger analysis of ____ than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the standard recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not have significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to support a cell that is unhealthy and ____ from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot halt the damaging factors and the lack of resources resulting from the ____ environment of our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you ____ drinking a soda, filter your water, turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the ____ at its disposal: it will recruit more immune cells, send out more inflammatory signals, and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the problems don’t resolve, because the damaging environmental ____ never resolve.

This is the ____ of chronic inflammation.

Every culture provides ____ members with a series of lessons.

Among the lessons learned are ____ to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By instructing its members, culture guides behavior and communication, showing members how to act, think, ____, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous in every aspect of our lives. ____ influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It is in the ____ we eat, the music we listen to, the art we appreciate, the games we play, and the friends we make.

It is our entire social interaction with the world that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in turn, we also will ____ on.

Biodiversity protection poses a challenge to corporate social responsibility because damage to ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has ____ linkages to business activity.

Further, a high degree of stakeholder ____ and local responsiveness is required to address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity ____ can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on the environment such as the loss of marine life from an oil spill.

____ responsibility is evident in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the environmental impact of ____ activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global scale.

Biodiversity loss that occurs through the global spread of invasive species provides ____ an example.

____ are likely to be sceptical of their indirect impact on the environment and to demand sufficient scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof is generally ____ on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often goes unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little accountability for environmental damage that ____ while sufficient evidence is gathered.

____ children explain why improbable events could not occur in real life, their justifications are similar to those provided for impossible events.

They claim a person couldn’t own a lion for a pet because it might bite you or because you could own a cat ____.

These justifications imply that children are not searching for principled, lawlike ____ why the event cannot occur.

If they did, they would ____ that no such reasons exist.

____, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a lot of noise, and so forth.

These are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it would be impossible, and children must learn to distinguish the ____.

Indeed, as children begin to distinguish improbable events from impossible ones, they also begin to ____ better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a ____ why an event is impossible may yield the realization that it’s possible after all.

____ an investigator conducted a randomized experiment to answer the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other pedestrians look up too?”

She found a strong association between her looking up and other ____’ looking up.

Does this association reflect a ____ effect?

Well, by definition of a randomized experiment, confounding ____ is not expected in this study.

However, there was another ____ problem: The analysis included only those pedestrians that, after having been part of the experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to look up anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who ____ tricked) were less likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of whom the investigator looked up (a reason to decline ____) are less likely to be shy (an additional reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ looking up, regardless of ____ one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and of ____ human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp ____ we encounter in a purely objective manner, but always do so through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad sense, ____ is not necessarily bad.

Yet, under ____ conditions, bias can be unfair or lead to discrimination.

AI ____ are developed by human beings, and fed data collected and shaped by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their decisions also reflect the individual and ____ biases of their creators and users for better or worse.

It is thus crucial to address this risk, ____ if unjust bias in machines is not always easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias isn’t always harmful when it comes to understanding the ____, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of the self involve volition: making choices and decisions, taking responsibility, initiating and inhibiting ____ and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self exerts control ____ itself and over the external world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent ____ has shown that a great deal of human behavior is influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some portion involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that portion may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, ____, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, predictable responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not ____ to ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably driven straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as by building cars without steering wheels) would ____ compromise the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the same token, the relatively few active, controlling ____ by the self greatly increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

And if those ____ “steering” choices by the self are important, then so is whatever internal structure of the self is responsible for it.