2026 수능완성 12강 변형문제

There is a tendency, once the dust of an emergency has settled down, to seek the reduction of famine ____ primarily in enhanced economic growth, or the revival of the rural economy, or the diversification of economic activities.

The potential contribution of greater economic success, if it involves ____ groups, cannot be denied.

At the same time, it is important to recognize that, no matter how fast they ____ countries where a large part of the population derive their livelihood from uncertain sources cannot hope to prevent famines without specialized entitlement protection mechanisms involving direct public intervention.

Rapid growth of the economy in Botswana, or of the agricultural sector in Kenya, or of ____ production in Zimbabwe, explains at best only a small part of their success in preventing recurrent threats of famine.

The real achievements of these countries lie in having provided direct public support to their populations in times ____ crisis.

Although economic growth can be somewhat ____ in diminishing a country’s risk of famine, direct approaches to helping the affected people play a critical role in this process.

Empirical studies of auditory imagery ____ often employed methods in which auditory feedback was deprived.

The rationale for this approach lies in the idea that if musicians have access to stable sound representations and auditory imagery, then ____ may depend less on external acoustic feedback.

In a sight-reading study in which different types ____ feedback were manipulated, pianists did not depend on auditory feedback.

Sight-reading performances with the sound of a digital piano ____ off did not lead to more errors; thus it was not necessary for them to hear what they actually played.

It can be assumed that pianists could ____ imagine and anticipate the sounds during sight-reading.

Researcher Finney observed in a related study that manipulations of pitch in auditory feedback interfered with pianists’ performance plans and impaired ____ play.

When auditory feedback was completely absent, on ____ other hand, their imagery skills allowed them to perform without disruptions.

The tactile and kinesthetic feedback was evidently more important ____ pianists to control their performances than the external auditory information.

Studies show that pianists rely more on feedback from their hands and movements than on hearing the actual notes when sight-reading, ____ they can imagine the sounds internally.

____ geographical place where people are born and live, as reported by WHO, helps to establish a relationship between environmental issues and the health of populations.

Thus, low- and middle-income countries in the WHO Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions had the largest environmentally related ____ burden in 2012, with a total of 7.3 million deaths, most attributable to indoor and outdoor air pollution.

But, at the same time, WHO, with its stakeholders, is working on ____

They highlight the importance of the health and other sectors needing to work together to reduce the environmental burden of disease, such as reducing traffic congestion and improving public transport networks as important determinants ____ air pollution.

They usually require cooperation with the transport sector and city planners. Because of ____ it is important that local governance address environmental health planning.

Municipalities ____ natural leaders of the local environment and health planning.

They are often involved in developing the local economy, including transport, tourism and ____ and can play an important role in health planning if they are aware of the potential risks and benefits and are provided with the tools and support they need.

The WHO emphasizes that ____ place of birth and residence is related to environmental health risks, and highlights the need for collaborative efforts across sectors through the planning of local governance to reduce the risks.

Plato was gravely concerned about the profoundly negative consequences of the great communication ____ of his age: writing.

In the Phaedrus, he has Socrates tell the story of a great inventor who has just created the written word, who then ____ it as a gift to the Egyptian king.

To this, the king replies: “This discovery of yours will create forgetfulness in the learners’ souls, because they will not use their memories; they ____ trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves.”

By fixating words into text, the truth ____ the ensouled speech will be reduced to the mere appearance of truth of the characters in the inert page.

And, as dead records pile up, living memory will ____

Few people alive ____ would think that Plato was justified in his criticism of writing.

Even if — as it ____ was the case — we lost something irreparably by leaving the mind of the oral tradition behind, the possibilities opened by writing far outstrip any possible downsides it may have.

Most ____ us would surely agree that illiteracy has proven to have much more paralyzing consequences than literacy.

Plato believed that writing would damage memory and understanding of spoken words, but now ____ advantages of being able to write are considered far greater than any perceived shortcomings.

Many studies of overimitation use puzzle boxes — see-through devices containing a desirable object that can only be obtained by performing certain ____ in sequence, such as unlocking or opening a series of barriers in order to retrieve an object.

____ boxes can be used to see which sorts of behaviour children copy, and which they don’t.

Studies ____ overimitation usually involve a single adult going through a complicated procedure before opening the puzzle box — including weird gestures (such as hand-waving) and obviously unnecessary actions (such as tapping the box with a feather) — before giving the same task to the child.

After observing ____ model performing these sorts of actions, children will typically copy the useless bits as well as the instrumentally sensible ones.

Even more bizarrely, it doesn’t seem to ____ any difference if the experimenter explicitly points out that the model will be performing some ‘silly’ behaviours that have no relevance to opening the box and explicitly advises the children not to bother copying those bits. The children still copy the unnecessary actions regardless.

Children exhibit overimitation by copying irrelevant actions performed by an adult model when opening puzzle boxes, even when directly told not to ____ to copy them.

The public’s direct experience of the ____ methods of science is widely regarded as responsible for the cultural transformation from the magical and mystical thinking that marked Western medieval thought, to the rationality of modern discourse.

____ public accessibility to science may have been the most important contribution of the Renaissance to scientific progress.

____ the time of Maxwell, Faraday, and Hooke, for example, the public’s appetite for science was voracious.

Science demonstrations were put ____ as entertainments in performance halls, and science books sold as quickly as novels.

Today, however, we find ourselves in a situation where science is as ____ to the public as if it were written in classical Latin.

Remarkable new findings are trumpeted in the press, but how they came about, what they may mean beyond a ____ or new recreational technology, is rarely part of the story.

The result is ____ the public rightly sees science as a huge fact book, an insurmountable mountain of information recorded in a virtually secret language.

Science, which was once highly accessible to the public, is ____ seen as a collection of facts in an incomprehensible language.