EBS 2026학년도 수능완성 영어
12강 요약문 완성
기출 효과적인 기근 예방 방안
There is a tendency, once the dust of an emergency has settled down, to seek the reduction of famine vulnerability ____ in enhanced economic growth, or the revival of the rural economy, or the diversification of economic activities.
The potential contribution of greater economic success, if it ____ vulnerable groups, cannot be denied.
At the same time, it is important to recognize that, no matter how fast they grow, countries where a large part of the population derive their livelihood from uncertain sources cannot hope to prevent famines without specialized entitlement protection ____ involving direct public intervention.
Rapid growth of the economy in Botswana, or of the agricultural sector in Kenya, or of food production in ____, explains at best only a small part of their success in preventing recurrent threats of famine.
The real achievements of these countries lie in having provided ____ public support to their populations in times of crisis.
Although economic growth can be somewhat fruitful in diminishing a country’s risk of famine, direct approaches to helping the affected people ____ a critical role in this process.
1 피아니스트의 청각적 심상 능력
Empirical ____ of auditory imagery have often employed methods in which auditory feedback was deprived.
The rationale for this approach ____ in the idea that if musicians have access to stable sound representations and auditory imagery, then they may depend less on external acoustic feedback.
In a sight-reading study in which different types of feedback were manipulated, pianists ____ not depend on auditory feedback.
Sight-reading performances with the sound of a digital piano switched off did not lead to more errors; thus it was ____ necessary for them to hear what they actually played.
It can be assumed that pianists could ____ imagine and anticipate the sounds during sight-reading.
Researcher Finney observed in a related study that manipulations of pitch in auditory feedback interfered with pianists’ performance plans and ____ their play.
When auditory feedback was completely absent, on the other hand, their imagery skills allowed them to ____ without disruptions.
The tactile and kinesthetic feedback was evidently more important for pianists to control their performances than the external auditory ____.
Studies show that pianists rely more on feedback ____ their hands and movements than on hearing the actual notes when sight-reading, as they can imagine the sounds internally.
2 지역 환경 보건 계획에서 지방 자치 단체의 역할
The geographical ____ where people are born and live, as reported by WHO, helps to establish a relationship between environmental issues and the health of populations.
Thus, low- and middle-income countries in the WHO Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions had the largest environmentally related disease burden in 2012, with a total of 7.3 million deaths, most attributable to indoor and outdoor air ____.
But, at the same time, WHO, with ____ stakeholders, is working on prevention.
They highlight the importance of the health and other sectors needing to work together to reduce the environmental burden of disease, such as reducing traffic congestion and improving public transport networks as important ____ of air pollution.
They usually require cooperation with the transport sector and city planners. Because of this, it is important that local governance address ____ health planning.
Municipalities are natural leaders of the local environment and health ____.
They are ____ involved in developing the local economy, including transport, tourism and industry, and can play an important role in health planning if they are aware of the potential risks and benefits and are provided with the tools and support they need.
The WHO emphasizes that one’s place of birth and residence is related to environmental health risks, and ____ the need for collaborative efforts across sectors through the planning of local governance to reduce the risks.
3 글쓰기에 대한 플라톤의 기우
Plato was gravely concerned ____ the profoundly negative consequences of the great communication revolution of his age: writing.
In the Phaedrus, he ____ Socrates tell the story of a great inventor who has just created the written word, who then presents it as a gift to the Egyptian king.
To this, the king replies: “This discovery of yours will ____ forgetfulness in the learners’ souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves.”
By fixating words into text, the truth of the ensouled speech will be reduced to the mere appearance of truth of the ____ in the inert page.
And, as dead records pile up, living memory ____ deteriorate.
Few people alive today would think that Plato was justified in his criticism of ____.
Even if — as it surely was the case — we ____ something irreparably by leaving the mind of the oral tradition behind, the possibilities opened by writing far outstrip any possible downsides it may have.
Most of us would surely agree that illiteracy has proven to have much ____ paralyzing consequences than literacy.
Plato believed that writing would damage memory and understanding of spoken words, but now the advantages of ____ able to write are considered far greater than any perceived shortcomings.
4 퍼즐 상자를 활용한 아이들의 과잉 모방에 관한 연구
Many studies of overimitation use puzzle boxes — see-through devices containing a desirable object that can only be obtained by performing certain procedures in sequence, such as unlocking or opening a ____ of barriers in order to retrieve an object.
These boxes can be used to see which sorts of behaviour children copy, and ____ they don’t.
Studies of overimitation usually involve a single adult going through a complicated ____ before opening the puzzle box — including weird gestures (such as hand-waving) and obviously unnecessary actions (such as tapping the box with a feather) — before giving the same task to the child.
After observing the model ____ these sorts of actions, children will typically copy the useless bits as well as the instrumentally sensible ones.
Even more bizarrely, it doesn’t seem to make any ____ if the experimenter explicitly points out that the model will be performing some ‘silly’ behaviours that have no relevance to opening the box and explicitly advises the children not to bother copying those bits. The children still copy the unnecessary actions regardless.
Children exhibit overimitation by copying irrelevant actions performed by an adult ____ when opening puzzle boxes, even when directly told not to try to copy them.
5 과학에 대한 대중의 접근성
The public’s direct experience of the empirical methods of science is widely regarded as responsible for the cultural transformation from the magical and mystical thinking that marked ____ medieval thought, to the rationality of modern discourse.
Indeed, public accessibility to science may have been the most important contribution of the Renaissance to scientific ____.
By the time of ____, Faraday, and Hooke, for example, the public’s appetite for science was voracious.
Science demonstrations were put on as entertainments in performance halls, and ____ books sold as quickly as novels.
Today, however, we find ourselves in a situation where science is as inaccessible to the public as if it were written in classical ____.
Remarkable new findings are trumpeted in the press, but how they came about, ____ they may mean beyond a cure or new recreational technology, is rarely part of the story.
The result is that the public rightly sees ____ as a huge fact book, an insurmountable mountain of information recorded in a virtually secret language.
Science, which was once highly accessible to the public, is now seen as a collection of facts in an ____ language.