2026 수능완성 12강 변형문제

There is a tendency, once the dust of an emergency has settled down, to seek the reduction of famine vulnerability primarily ____ enhanced economic growth, or the revival of the rural economy, or the diversification of economic activities.

____ potential contribution of greater economic success, if it involves vulnerable groups, cannot be denied.

At the same time, it is important to recognize that, no matter how fast they grow, countries where a large part of the population derive ____ livelihood from uncertain sources cannot hope to prevent famines without specialized entitlement protection mechanisms involving direct public intervention.

Rapid growth of the economy in Botswana, or of the agricultural sector in Kenya, or of food production in Zimbabwe, explains at best only a small part of their success in preventing ____ threats of famine.

The real achievements of ____ countries lie in having provided direct public support to their populations in times of crisis.

Although economic growth ____ be somewhat fruitful in diminishing a country’s risk of famine, direct approaches to helping the affected people play a critical role in this process.

Empirical studies of auditory imagery have often employed methods in which auditory feedback ____ deprived.

The rationale for this approach lies in the idea that if musicians have access to stable sound representations and auditory imagery, then they may depend less on ____ acoustic feedback.

In a sight-reading study in which different types ____ feedback were manipulated, pianists did not depend on auditory feedback.

Sight-reading performances with the sound of a digital piano switched off did not lead to more errors; thus ____ was not necessary for them to hear what they actually played.

It can be assumed that pianists could vividly imagine ____ anticipate the sounds during sight-reading.

Researcher Finney observed in a related study that manipulations of pitch in auditory feedback interfered with pianists’ performance ____ and impaired their play.

When auditory feedback ____ completely absent, on the other hand, their imagery skills allowed them to perform without disruptions.

The tactile and kinesthetic feedback was evidently more important for ____ to control their performances than the external auditory information.

Studies show that pianists rely more on feedback from their hands and movements than on hearing the actual notes ____ sight-reading, as they can imagine the sounds internally.

The geographical place where people are born and live, as reported by WHO, helps to establish a relationship between environmental issues ____ the health of populations.

Thus, low- and middle-income countries in the WHO Southeast Asia and Western Pacific regions had the largest environmentally related disease burden in 2012, with a total of 7.3 million deaths, most attributable to indoor and outdoor ____ pollution.

But, at the same time, WHO, with its stakeholders, is ____ on prevention.

____ highlight the importance of the health and other sectors needing to work together to reduce the environmental burden of disease, such as reducing traffic congestion and improving public transport networks as important determinants of air pollution.

They usually require cooperation with the transport sector and city planners. Because of this, it is important that ____ governance address environmental health planning.

Municipalities are ____ leaders of the local environment and health planning.

They are often involved in developing the local economy, including transport, tourism and industry, and can play an important role in health planning if they are aware of the potential risks and benefits and are provided with the tools and ____ they need.

The WHO emphasizes that one’s place of birth and residence is related to environmental ____ risks, and highlights the need for collaborative efforts across sectors through the planning of local governance to reduce the risks.

Plato was gravely concerned about ____ profoundly negative consequences of the great communication revolution of his age: writing.

In the Phaedrus, he ____ Socrates tell the story of a great inventor who has just created the written word, who then presents it as a gift to the Egyptian king.

To this, the king replies: “This discovery of yours will create ____ in the learners’ souls, because they will not use their memories; they will trust to the external written characters and not remember of themselves.”

By fixating words into text, the truth of the ensouled speech will be reduced to the mere appearance of truth of the ____ in the inert page.

And, as dead records pile up, living ____ will deteriorate.

Few people alive ____ would think that Plato was justified in his criticism of writing.

Even if — as it surely was the case — we lost something irreparably by leaving the mind of the oral tradition behind, the ____ opened by writing far outstrip any possible downsides it may have.

Most of us would surely agree that illiteracy has proven to have much more paralyzing consequences ____ literacy.

Plato believed that writing would damage memory and understanding of spoken words, but now the advantages of being able to write are considered far greater than any perceived ____

Many studies of overimitation use puzzle boxes — see-through devices containing a desirable object that can only be obtained by performing certain procedures in sequence, such as unlocking or opening a series of barriers in order to retrieve an ____

These boxes can be used to see which sorts of behaviour children copy, and ____ they don’t.

Studies of overimitation usually involve a single adult going through a complicated procedure before opening the puzzle box — including weird gestures (such as hand-waving) and obviously unnecessary actions ____ as tapping the box with a feather) — before giving the same task to the child.

After observing the model performing these sorts of actions, children will typically ____ the useless bits as well as the instrumentally sensible ones.

Even more bizarrely, it doesn’t seem to make any difference if the experimenter explicitly points out that the model will be ____ some ‘silly’ behaviours that have no relevance to opening the box and explicitly advises the children not to bother copying those bits. The children still copy the unnecessary actions regardless.

Children exhibit overimitation by copying irrelevant actions performed by an adult model when opening puzzle boxes, even ____ directly told not to try to copy them.

The public’s direct experience of the ____ methods of science is widely regarded as responsible for the cultural transformation from the magical and mystical thinking that marked Western medieval thought, to the rationality of modern discourse.

Indeed, public accessibility to science ____ have been the most important contribution of the Renaissance to scientific progress.

By the time ____ Maxwell, Faraday, and Hooke, for example, the public’s appetite for science was voracious.

Science demonstrations were put on as entertainments in performance halls, and science books sold as quickly ____ novels.

Today, ____ we find ourselves in a situation where science is as inaccessible to the public as if it were written in classical Latin.

Remarkable new findings are trumpeted in the press, but how they came about, what they may mean beyond a cure or new recreational technology, is rarely part ____ the story.

The result is that the public rightly sees science as a huge fact book, an insurmountable mountain of information recorded ____ a virtually secret language.

Science, ____ was once highly accessible to the public, is now seen as a collection of facts in an incomprehensible language.