2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have aided the scientific process ____ decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically identify promising new ____ and technologies?

If ____ it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans ____ still responsible for forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running ____ experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a ____ from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system made a new scientific discovery with virtually no human ____ input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental ____ depend upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth ____ a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, consider flooding ____ small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers and their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given ____ hazard.

We may choose to place the stream in a concrete box — ____ remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our urban streams and their ____ the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

____ choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult ____ is modern, is kind of obvious.

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, ____ prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and ____ combat skills.

But not all ____ in the ancient world was combat related.

If you were ____ enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached ____ to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This idea ____ not just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics ____ martial arts.

There is considerable ____ about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is ____ to the past and the present.

Some scholars see ____ in much the same way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an ____ and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, ____ scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the present.

There is a direct and almost physical ____ between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future ____ be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, ____ the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on ____ models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts ____ add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service ____ (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting ____ change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering ____ behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. ____ learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have ____ creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but not taught.

Psychological studies have found that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple of years ____ school.

According to ____ psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether innate or ____ to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which ____ that any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on ____ models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking permits ____ leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral thinking need not ____ correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct ____ the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point ____ been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has been accomplished, the direction and order ____ the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn ____ once construction has been completed.

The various parts of the bridge do not have to stand on ____ own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone has been laid, ____ entire structure must be self-supporting.