2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of its billions of neurons to represent everything; different brain regions ____ different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at the back of the brain ____ neurons that respond to different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the input — for ____ when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that ____ when different kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more than just ____ stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from many groups of neurons.

This can produce a combined representation ____ what the input neurons represent.

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory modalities of taste, vision, and smell ____ together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It is clear, therefore, that the brain is a superb ____ device.

For the last few centuries, experts have ____ ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one major source ____ this anxiety.

Just as ancient Spartans were required and Romans ____ urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially influential proponent of this ____ was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with ____ hiking, running, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state ____ fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to drum up fitness for the sake of the state still occur in China ____ elsewhere.

Many climatologists accept there is a real possibility of global ____ warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with ____ large-scale changes, there would be winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems the most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive increased ____

They would benefit ____ their agricultural output would increase.

On the other hand, southern Europe and the United States cereal ____ might become drier.

If warming produced a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils ____ become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction in the fall of temperature at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or ____ change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, soils would become somewhat moister, and agriculture would ____

Social media platforms enhance learning experiences, increase student interaction, and ____ engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical activities, understand the why behind what ____ do with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide you with choosing the most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional ____

Be sure to match your instructional goals with digital tools ____ are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with ____ and flying colors because such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a practical decision based on making a good fit with ____ targeted skill.

For example, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such ____ writing essays and giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment ____ by allowing students to provide virtual input about a topic through social interaction.

The only way to produce crystal-clear writing is to know how a reader ____ respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are ____ easily understood, which organization of material into sections is most easily followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “divide the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and ____ sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list of such rules above your computer and treat it as the voice ____ authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, using them makes writing ____ and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told ____ produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand how readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience and apply ____ writing rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by ____ number of volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist ____ Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana culture and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major problem the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having ____ different meanings.

____ volunteers complained that the Tswana would never leave them alone.

Whenever they tried to get away and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have ____ private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join them.

This made the Americans ____

From their perspective, ____ is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; the only people who want to ____ alone are witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw them sitting ____ naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one behavior — a person ____ out into a field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very different meanings.