2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: ____ social media, or in a sermon at church, or from the newsletter of an organization of which one is a member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ordinary processes through which ____ are asked to take part do not ameliorate the class bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently as possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not only ____ say yes but also, on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have been active ____ the past. The result is that participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
which in turn exaggerates the socioeconomic ____ bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of recruitment to political involvement do not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring ____ political participation: they actually amplify it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many ____ could slow down the process of retrieval, so memories that are deemed irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such information is unlikely ____ be useful.
This of course raises the question as to how we can determine in ____ whether or not a memory is likely to be useful in the future.
____ factor is emotion.
In times of great stress, people will often have very detailed memories ____ the event; in extreme cases this can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories ____ traumatic events and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is clearly maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that is evolutionarily ____
It would surely be good design to ensure that an animal that has had, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that ____ and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One example of information that has greatest value when it is in the awareness of a human operator can be found in the ____ of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at detecting a variety of ____ of the driving environment.
For example, forward-looking cameras and forward-looking radar systems can judge ____ distance to vehicles in front of a driver.
Computations that measure this information over time reveal changes ____ distance.
This information can be used to alert a driver when the change in distance for a given vehicle speed is rapid enough ____ suggest a collision might take place.
That information ____ important, but it is only valuable if the driver acts on it.
____ of course, the vehicle itself acts on it without driver intervention.)
The key here is that the driver must have the ability to pay attention to the information for the information to have value to ____ driver.
____ the driver is distracted by a phone, for example, they might fail to process the important information the vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, ____ Volk, points out that cells are self-generated dynamic entities that at any given moment are always on the cusp between persisting and dying.
They manage to survive by using their ____ to stay ahead in this game.
When ____ wastes are expelled, the result is a loss of molecules.
To compensate, cells also ____ metabolism to grow new molecules.
If the exchange is at least equal, the cell can persist in its present ____
____ more molecules are generated than are lost, which adds protection against dying, net growth results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — ____ a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases to a greater degree than its surface area.
For a cell, this makes it harder for the surface to keep the flow ____ nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger interior.
So what’s a cell to do? ____ divides in half and starts the process all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
____ achieves a balance between growth and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and then asked for each list to be recited back either right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, ____ after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to reproduce the lists right after ____ them did the best.
Those who had fifteen seconds to rehearse before reciting came in ____
The group distracted with math problems finished ____
Later, when everyone thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop quiz: write down every word you can recall ____ the lists.
Suddenly, the worst group became the best. Short-term ____ gave purely short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to information and then recall it had helped the group ____ by math problems transfer the information from short-term to long-term memory.
____ group with more and immediate rehearsal opportunity recalled nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
Repetition, it ____ out, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
Psychological safety ____ a powerful role in the science of failing well.
It allows people to ____ for help when they’re in over their heads, which helps eliminate preventable failures.
____ helps them report — and hence catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new discoveries.
Think about the teams that you’ve been a part of at work or ____ school.
These groups probably varied in ____ safety.
Maybe in some you felt completely comfortable speaking up with a ____ idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have ____ it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other people did and said before sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found in my research that it’s ____ emergent property of a group, not a personality difference.
This means your perception of whether it’s safe to speak up at work is unrelated to whether you’re ____ extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped by how people around you react to things that you and others say ____ do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly mobile world, ____ people are regularly uprooted from their home locales.
Some do so by choice, but for others political or economic conditions force them to relocate to vastly different physical and ____ places.
In these circumstances, aside from their private realms, public space plays a role in creating a sense of belonging ____ a new place.
The sensory qualities of public space — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, ____ quality of light, a soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating an interconnectedness, or forming ____ continuum between the past and the present.
These experiences in and ____ public space can also establish a common or shared experience between the locals and the newcomers.