2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or in a sermon at church, or from the newsletter of an organization of which one is a member, ____ directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved ____ politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ordinary processes through which people are asked to take part do not ameliorate the class bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently as possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not only to say yes ____ also, on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have been active in the past. The result is ____ participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
which in turn exaggerates the ____ status bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of recruitment to political involvement do not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they actually ____ it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many memories could slow down the process of retrieval, so memories that are ____ irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why ____ probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such information is unlikely to be useful.
This of course raises the question as to ____ we can determine in advance whether or not a memory is likely to be useful in the future.
One factor is ____
In times of great stress, people will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases ____ can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories ____ traumatic events and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is clearly maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that is ____ useful.
It would surely be good design to ensure that an ____ that has had, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that experience and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One ____ of information that has greatest value when it is in the awareness of a human operator can be found in the context of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor ____ aimed at detecting a variety of aspects of the driving environment.
For example, forward-looking cameras and forward-looking radar systems can judge the distance to vehicles in front ____ a driver.
Computations that measure this information over time reveal changes in ____
This information can be used to alert a driver when the ____ in distance for a given vehicle speed is rapid enough to suggest a collision might take place.
That information is important, but it is only valuable ____ the driver acts on it.
(Unless, of course, the vehicle itself acts on it without ____ intervention.)
The ____ here is that the driver must have the ability to pay attention to the information for the information to have value to the driver.
If the driver is distracted ____ a phone, for example, they might fail to process the important information the vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, ____ Volk, points out that cells are self-generated dynamic entities that at any given moment are always on the cusp between persisting and dying.
They manage to survive by using their metabolism ____ stay ahead in this game.
When metabolic wastes are expelled, the ____ is a loss of molecules.
To ____ cells also use metabolism to grow new molecules.
If the exchange is at least equal, the cell can persist in its present ____
If more molecules are generated than are lost, which adds protection against dying, ____ growth results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases ____ a greater degree than its surface area.
For a cell, this makes it ____ for the surface to keep the flow of nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger interior.
So what’s a cell to do? It divides in half and starts the process all over ____ it approaches its useful size limit.
This ____ a balance between growth and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and then asked for each list ____ be recited back either right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to reproduce the lists right ____ hearing them did the best.
Those who had ____ seconds to rehearse before reciting came in second.
The group distracted with math problems ____ last.
Later, ____ everyone thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop quiz: write down every word you can recall from the lists.
____ the worst group became the best. Short-term rehearsal gave purely short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to information and then recall it had helped the group distracted by math problems transfer the information ____ short-term to long-term memory.
The group with more and immediate rehearsal opportunity ____ nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
____ it turned out, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
Psychological safety plays a powerful role in ____ science of failing well.
It allows people to ask for help when they’re in over their heads, ____ helps eliminate preventable failures.
It helps them report — and hence catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to ____ new discoveries.
Think about the teams that you’ve been a part ____ at work or at school.
____ groups probably varied in psychological safety.
Maybe in some you felt completely comfortable speaking up ____ a new idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait ____ see what happened or what other people did and said before sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found in my ____ that it’s an emergent property of a group, not a personality difference.
This means ____ perception of whether it’s safe to speak up at work is unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped by how people around you react to things that you and others say ____ do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly mobile world, where people are regularly uprooted from their home ____
Some do so by ____ but for others political or economic conditions force them to relocate to vastly different physical and cultural places.
In these ____ aside from their private realms, public space plays a role in creating a sense of belonging to a new place.
The sensory qualities of ____ space — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, a soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating ____ interconnectedness, or forming a continuum between the past and the present.
These experiences in and of public space can also establish ____ common or shared experience between the locals and the newcomers.