2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or in a sermon at church, or from the newsletter of an organization of which one is ____ member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ordinary processes through which people are asked to take part do not ameliorate the class bias in individual political ____
Seeking to get results as efficiently as possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not only to say yes but ____ on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have been active in the past. The result is that participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share ____ previous activists,
which ____ turn exaggerates the socioeconomic status bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of recruitment to political involvement ____ not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they actually amplify it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many memories could slow down the process of retrieval, so memories that are deemed ____ are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such information is unlikely to ____ useful.
This of course raises the question as to how we can determine in advance whether or not a memory is likely ____ be useful in the future.
One ____ is emotion.
In times of great ____ people will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases this can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers ____ PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories of traumatic events and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is clearly maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that is evolutionarily ____
It would surely be good design to ensure that an animal that ____ had, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that experience and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One example of information that has greatest value when it is ____ the awareness of a human operator can be found in the context of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at ____ a variety of aspects of the driving environment.
For example, forward-looking cameras and forward-looking radar systems can judge the distance to ____ in front of a driver.
Computations that measure this information over time reveal ____ in distance.
This information can ____ used to alert a driver when the change in distance for a given vehicle speed is rapid enough to suggest a collision might take place.
That information is important, but it is only valuable if the driver acts ____ it.
(Unless, of course, the vehicle itself acts on it without driver ____
The key here is that the driver must have the ability to pay ____ to the information for the information to have value to the driver.
If the driver is distracted by a phone, for example, they might fail to process the important information ____ vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, Tyler Volk, points out that cells are self-generated dynamic entities that at any ____ moment are always on the cusp between persisting and dying.
____ manage to survive by using their metabolism to stay ahead in this game.
When metabolic ____ are expelled, the result is a loss of molecules.
____ compensate, cells also use metabolism to grow new molecules.
If ____ exchange is at least equal, the cell can persist in its present form.
If more molecules are generated ____ are lost, which adds protection against dying, net growth results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases to a greater degree than ____ surface area.
For a cell, this makes it harder for the surface ____ keep the flow of nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger interior.
So what’s a cell to do? It divides ____ half and starts the process all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
____ achieves a balance between growth and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
____ a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and then asked for each list to be recited back either right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects ____ were allowed to reproduce the lists right after hearing them did the best.
Those who had ____ seconds to rehearse before reciting came in second.
The group ____ with math problems finished last.
Later, when ____ thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop quiz: write down every word you can recall from the lists.
Suddenly, the worst group became the best. Short-term ____ gave purely short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to ____ and then recall it had helped the group distracted by math problems transfer the information from short-term to long-term memory.
The group with more and immediate rehearsal ____ recalled nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
Repetition, it ____ out, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
Psychological safety plays a powerful role in ____ science of failing well.
It allows people to ask for help ____ they’re in over their heads, which helps eliminate preventable failures.
It helps them report — and hence catch and ____ — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new discoveries.
Think about the teams that you’ve been a part ____ at work or at school.
____ groups probably varied in psychological safety.
Maybe in some ____ felt completely comfortable speaking up with a new idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other people did and said before sticking your ____ out.
That difference is now called ____ safety — and I have found in my research that it’s an emergent property of a group, not a personality difference.
This means your perception of whether it’s safe to speak up at work ____ unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s ____ by how people around you react to things that you and others say and do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly mobile world, where ____ are regularly uprooted from their home locales.
____ do so by choice, but for others political or economic conditions force them to relocate to vastly different physical and cultural places.
In these circumstances, aside from their private realms, public space plays a role in creating a sense of belonging to a new ____
The sensory qualities of public space — the smell of ____ sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, a soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating an interconnectedness, or forming a continuum between the ____ and the present.
These experiences in and of public space can also establish a common or shared experience ____ the locals and the newcomers.