2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or in a ____ at church, or from the newsletter of an organization of which one is a member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who ____ to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ordinary processes through which people are asked to take part do not ameliorate the class bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently as possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not ____ to say yes but also, on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have ____ active in the past. The result is that participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
which in turn ____ the socioeconomic status bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of ____ to political involvement do not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they actually amplify it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many memories could slow down the process of retrieval, so ____ that are deemed irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such ____ is unlikely to be useful.
This of course raises the question as to how we can determine in advance whether or not a memory is likely to be ____ in the future.
____ factor is emotion.
In ____ of great stress, people will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases this can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories of traumatic ____ and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although ____ is clearly maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that is evolutionarily useful.
It would surely be good design to ensure that an animal that has had, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that ____ and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One example of information that has ____ value when it is in the awareness of a human operator can be found in the context of driving.
Vehicles ____ are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at detecting a variety of aspects of the driving environment.
For example, forward-looking cameras and forward-looking radar systems can judge the distance to vehicles in ____ of a driver.
____ that measure this information over time reveal changes in distance.
This information can be used to alert a ____ when the change in distance for a given vehicle speed is rapid enough to suggest a collision might take place.
That information is ____, but it is only valuable if the driver acts on it.
(Unless, of course, the vehicle itself acts on it without driver ____.)
The key here is that the driver must have the ability to ____ attention to the information for the information to have value to the driver.
If the ____ is distracted by a phone, for example, they might fail to process the important information the vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, Tyler Volk, points out that cells are self-generated ____ entities that at any given moment are always on the cusp between persisting and dying.
They manage to ____ by using their metabolism to stay ahead in this game.
When ____ wastes are expelled, the result is a loss of molecules.
To compensate, cells also use metabolism to ____ new molecules.
If the exchange is at least equal, the cell ____ persist in its present form.
If more molecules are generated than are lost, which adds ____ against dying, net growth results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a ____ can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases to a greater degree than its surface area.
For a cell, this makes it harder for the surface to keep the flow of nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger ____.
So what’s a cell to do? It divides in half and ____ the process all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
This achieves a balance between ____ and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and then asked for each list to be recited back either right away, ____ fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to reproduce the lists right after hearing them ____ the best.
Those who had fifteen seconds to ____ before reciting came in second.
The group distracted with math problems ____ last.
Later, when everyone thought they were finished, they were all ____ with a pop quiz: write down every word you can recall from the lists.
Suddenly, the worst group became the best. Short-term ____ gave purely short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to information and then recall it had helped the group ____ by math problems transfer the information from short-term to long-term memory.
The group with more and immediate rehearsal ____ recalled nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
Repetition, it turned ____, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
____ safety plays a powerful role in the science of failing well.
It allows ____ to ask for help when they’re in over their heads, which helps eliminate preventable failures.
It helps them report — and hence catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new ____.
Think about the teams that ____ been a part of at work or at school.
These groups probably varied in psychological ____.
Maybe in some ____ felt completely comfortable speaking up with a new idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other people did and said ____ sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found in my research that it’s an emergent property of a group, ____ a personality difference.
This means your ____ of whether it’s safe to speak up at work is unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped by how people around you react to things that ____ and others say and do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We ____ in a highly mobile world, where people are regularly uprooted from their home locales.
Some do so by choice, but for others political or economic conditions force them to relocate to vastly different physical and ____ places.
In these circumstances, aside from their private realms, public space ____ a role in creating a sense of belonging to a new place.
The sensory qualities of public ____ — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, a soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
____ seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating an interconnectedness, or forming a continuum between the past and the present.
These experiences in and of ____ space can also establish a common or shared experience between the locals and the newcomers.