2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or in a sermon at church, or from the ____ of an organization of which one is a member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ordinary processes through which people are asked to take part do not ameliorate the ____ bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently as possible, rational prospectors ____ their requests at those who are likely not only to say yes but also, on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people ____ have been active in the past. The result is that participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
____ in turn exaggerates the socioeconomic status bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary ____ of recruitment to political involvement do not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they actually amplify it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too ____ memories could slow down the process of retrieval, so memories that are deemed irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ____ as such information is unlikely to be useful.
This of course raises the question as to how we can ____ in advance whether or not a memory is likely to be useful in the future.
One ____ is emotion.
In times of great stress, ____ will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases this can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories of traumatic ____ and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is ____ maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that is evolutionarily useful.
It would surely be good design to ensure that an animal that has ____, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that experience and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One example of information that has greatest value when it is in the ____ of a human operator can be found in the context of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at detecting a variety of ____ of the driving environment.
For example, forward-looking cameras and forward-looking radar systems ____ judge the distance to vehicles in front of a driver.
Computations that measure this ____ over time reveal changes in distance.
This information can be used to alert a driver when the change in distance for a ____ vehicle speed is rapid enough to suggest a collision might take place.
That information is important, but it is only valuable if the ____ acts on it.
(Unless, of ____, the vehicle itself acts on it without driver intervention.)
The key here is that the driver must have the ability to pay ____ to the information for the information to have value to the driver.
If the driver is distracted by a phone, for example, they might fail to ____ the important information the vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, Tyler Volk, points out that cells are self-generated ____ entities that at any given moment are always on the cusp between persisting and dying.
They manage to survive by using their metabolism to stay ____ in this game.
____ metabolic wastes are expelled, the result is a loss of molecules.
To compensate, cells also ____ metabolism to grow new molecules.
If the exchange is at least equal, the cell can persist in its ____ form.
If more molecules are generated than are lost, which adds protection against dying, net ____ results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its ____ increases to a greater degree than its surface area.
For a cell, this makes it harder for the surface to ____ the flow of nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger interior.
So what’s a cell to do? It divides in half and starts the ____ all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
This achieves a balance between ____ and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and ____ asked for each list to be recited back either right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to reproduce the lists right after hearing them ____ the best.
Those who had fifteen seconds to rehearse before reciting ____ in second.
The group distracted with math ____ finished last.
Later, when everyone thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop ____: write down every word you can recall from the lists.
Suddenly, the worst group became the best. Short-term rehearsal gave purely short-term ____.
Struggling to hold on to information and ____ recall it had helped the group distracted by math problems transfer the information from short-term to long-term memory.
The group with more and immediate rehearsal ____ recalled nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
Repetition, it turned ____, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
____ safety plays a powerful role in the science of failing well.
It allows people to ask for help when they’re in over their heads, which helps ____ preventable failures.
It helps them report — and hence catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it ____ to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new discoveries.
Think ____ the teams that you’ve been a part of at work or at school.
These groups probably varied in psychological ____.
Maybe in some you ____ completely comfortable speaking up with a new idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams ____ might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other people did and said before sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found in my research that it’s an ____ property of a group, not a personality difference.
This means your ____ of whether it’s safe to speak up at work is unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped by how people around you react to ____ that you and others say and do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly ____ world, where people are regularly uprooted from their home locales.
Some do so by choice, but for others political or economic conditions force them to relocate to ____ different physical and cultural places.
In these circumstances, aside from their private realms, public space plays a role in creating a sense of belonging to a ____ place.
The sensory qualities of public ____ — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, a soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space ____ bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating an interconnectedness, or forming a continuum between the past and the present.
____ experiences in and of public space can also establish a common or shared experience between the locals and the newcomers.