2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or in a sermon at church, ____ from the newsletter of an organization of which one is a member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” ____ ordinary processes through which people are asked to take part do not ameliorate the class bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently ____ possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not only to say yes but also, on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have been active in the past. ____ result is that participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
which in turn exaggerates the ____ status bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of recruitment to political involvement do ____ simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they actually amplify it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many memories could ____ down the process of retrieval, so memories that are deemed irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such information is unlikely to ____ useful.
This of course raises the question as to how we can determine in advance whether or not a memory ____ likely to be useful in the future.
One ____ is emotion.
In times of great stress, people will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases this can manifest ____ as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories of traumatic events ____ can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is clearly maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that ____ evolutionarily useful.
It would surely be good design to ensure that an animal that has had, for example, ____ near-death experience would learn from that experience and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
____ example of information that has greatest value when it is in the awareness of a human operator can be found in the context of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at ____ a variety of aspects of the driving environment.
For example, forward-looking cameras and forward-looking ____ systems can judge the distance to vehicles in front of a driver.
Computations that measure this information over time reveal ____ in distance.
This information can be used to alert a driver when the change in distance for a given vehicle speed ____ rapid enough to suggest a collision might take place.
That information is important, ____ it is only valuable if the driver acts on it.
(Unless, of course, the ____ itself acts on it without driver intervention.)
The key ____ is that the driver must have the ability to pay attention to the information for the information to have value to the driver.
If the driver is distracted by a phone, for example, they might fail to process the important information the ____ is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, Tyler Volk, points out that cells are self-generated dynamic entities that at any given moment ____ always on the cusp between persisting and dying.
They manage to ____ by using their metabolism to stay ahead in this game.
When metabolic wastes are expelled, the result is ____ loss of molecules.
To compensate, cells also use metabolism to grow ____ molecules.
If the exchange ____ at least equal, the cell can persist in its present form.
If more molecules are generated than are lost, which adds protection against dying, net growth ____ and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a ____ principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases to a greater degree than its surface area.
For a cell, this makes it harder for the surface to keep the flow of nutrients high enough ____ sustain the ever-larger interior.
So ____ a cell to do? It divides in half and starts the process all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
This achieves a balance between ____ and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and then asked for each list to be recited back ____ right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to reproduce the lists right after hearing them did the ____
Those who had fifteen seconds to rehearse before reciting came in ____
The group ____ with math problems finished last.
Later, when everyone thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop quiz: write down every word you can recall from the ____
Suddenly, the worst group ____ the best. Short-term rehearsal gave purely short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to information and then recall it had helped the group distracted by math problems transfer the information from ____ to long-term memory.
The group with more and immediate ____ opportunity recalled nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
Repetition, it turned out, was ____ important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
Psychological safety plays a powerful role ____ the science of failing well.
It allows people ____ ask for help when they’re in over their heads, which helps eliminate preventable failures.
It ____ them report — and hence catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new discoveries.
Think about the teams that you’ve been ____ part of at work or at school.
____ groups probably varied in psychological safety.
Maybe in some you felt completely comfortable ____ up with a new idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other ____ did and said before sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found in my research that it’s an ____ property of a group, not a personality difference.
This means ____ perception of whether it’s safe to speak up at work is unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped ____ how people around you react to things that you and others say and do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly mobile world, where people are ____ uprooted from their home locales.
Some do so by choice, but for others political or economic conditions ____ them to relocate to vastly different physical and cultural places.
In these circumstances, aside from ____ private realms, public space plays a role in creating a sense of belonging to a new place.
The sensory qualities of public space — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, a ____ field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating an interconnectedness, or forming ____ continuum between the past and the present.
These experiences in and of public space can also establish a common or shared experience between the locals and the ____