2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or ____ a sermon at church, or from the newsletter of an organization of which one is a member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ____ processes through which people are asked to take part do not ameliorate the class bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently ____ possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not only to say yes but also, on assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have been active in ____ past. The result is that participation undertaken in response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
which in turn exaggerates the socioeconomic ____ bias of political participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of recruitment to political involvement do not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they actually amplify ____
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many memories could slow down the process of retrieval, so memories that ____ deemed irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such information is ____ to be useful.
This of course raises the question as to how we can determine in advance whether or not a memory is likely to be useful ____ the future.
One factor ____ emotion.
In times of ____ stress, people will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases this can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by ____ of traumatic events and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is clearly maladaptive, it may be an extreme form of a process that is ____ useful.
It would surely be good design to ensure that ____ animal that has had, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that experience and display vigilance in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One example of information that has greatest value when it is in the awareness of a human operator can be ____ in the context of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at detecting a variety of aspects of ____ driving environment.
For example, ____ cameras and forward-looking radar systems can judge the distance to vehicles in front of a driver.
Computations that ____ this information over time reveal changes in distance.
This information can be used to alert a driver when the change in distance for a given vehicle speed is rapid enough to suggest ____ collision might take place.
That information is important, but it is only valuable if the driver acts on ____
(Unless, of course, the vehicle itself acts on it ____ driver intervention.)
The key here is that the driver must have the ability to pay attention to the information for the ____ to have value to the driver.
If the driver is distracted by a phone, for example, they might fail to process the important information ____ vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, Tyler Volk, points out that cells are self-generated dynamic entities that at any given moment are always on the cusp between persisting and ____
They manage to survive ____ using their metabolism to stay ahead in this game.
When metabolic wastes ____ expelled, the result is a loss of molecules.
To compensate, cells also use metabolism to ____ new molecules.
If the exchange ____ at least equal, the cell can persist in its present form.
If more molecules are generated than are lost, which adds protection against dying, ____ growth results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only grow so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases to a greater degree than its surface ____
For a cell, this makes it harder for the surface to keep the flow ____ nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger interior.
____ what’s a cell to do? It divides in half and starts the process all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
This achieves ____ balance between growth and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University ____ read people lists of words, and then asked for each list to be recited back either right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to ____ the lists right after hearing them did the best.
Those who had ____ seconds to rehearse before reciting came in second.
The group distracted ____ math problems finished last.
Later, when everyone thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop quiz: write ____ every word you can recall from the lists.
Suddenly, the worst group became ____ best. Short-term rehearsal gave purely short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to information and then recall it had helped the group distracted ____ math problems transfer the information from short-term to long-term memory.
The group with more and immediate rehearsal opportunity recalled ____ nothing on the pop quiz.
Repetition, it ____ out, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
Psychological safety plays a powerful role in the science of failing ____
It allows people to ask for help when ____ in over their heads, which helps eliminate preventable failures.
It helps them report — and ____ catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new discoveries.
Think about ____ teams that you’ve been a part of at work or at school.
These groups probably ____ in psychological safety.
Maybe in some you felt completely comfortable speaking up with a ____ idea, or disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other people did and ____ before sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found ____ my research that it’s an emergent property of a group, not a personality difference.
This means your perception of whether it’s safe to speak ____ at work is unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped by how people around ____ react to things that you and others say and do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly mobile world, where ____ are regularly uprooted from their home locales.
Some do so by choice, but for others ____ or economic conditions force them to relocate to vastly different physical and cultural places.
In these circumstances, aside from their private realms, public space plays a role in creating a ____ of belonging to a new place.
The sensory qualities of public space — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, ____ soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities of public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar ____ creating an interconnectedness, or forming a continuum between the past and the present.
These experiences in and of public space can ____ establish a common or shared experience between the locals and the newcomers.