2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of its billions of neurons to represent everything; different brain ____ represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at the back of the brain has neurons that respond to different visual ____.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the input — for example, when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the ____ stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that fire when different kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are ____.

The human brain can do a lot more than just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from ____ groups of neurons.

This can produce a combined representation of what the ____ neurons represent.

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory modalities of taste, vision, and ____ come together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It is clear, ____, that the brain is a superb representational device.

For the last ____ centuries, experts have worried ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one ____ source of this anxiety.

____ as ancient Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially influential proponent of this ____ was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his ____ youth with gymnastics, hiking, running, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the ____ War.

National movements to drum up fitness for the sake of the state still ____ in China and elsewhere.

Many ____ accept there is a real possibility of global climatic warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with many large-scale ____, there would be winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems the most likely overall result, ____ of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive increased rainfall.

They ____ benefit and their agricultural output would increase.

On the other hand, southern Europe and the United ____ cereal belt might become drier.

If warming ____ a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction in the fall of temperature at night, ____ to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, soils would ____ somewhat moister, and agriculture would benefit.

Social media ____ enhance learning experiences, increase student interaction, and foster engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical activities, understand the why behind what ____ do with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide ____ with choosing the most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your instructional goals with digital tools that are accessible on ____ and apps.

When selecting digital tools, ____ from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying colors because such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a ____ decision based on making a good fit with a targeted skill.

For ____, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such as writing essays and giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input about a ____ through social interaction.

The only way to produce ____ writing is to know how a reader will respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are most easily understood, which organization of material into ____ is most easily followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “divide the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when ____ are to be compared.”

In principle, you could ____ a long list of such rules above your computer and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. ____, using them makes writing mechanical, and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand how readers ____, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience and apply general ____ rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number of volunteers ____ seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist Hoyt Alverson, who was familiar with ____ culture and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major ____ the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different meanings.

The volunteers complained that the Tswana would never leave ____ alone.

Whenever they tried to get away and sit by ____ for a few minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join them.

This made the ____ angry.

From their perspective, everyone is ____ to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; the only people ____ want to be alone are witches and the insane.

____ these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw them sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one behavior — a person walking out into a field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very different ____.