2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not ____ to use all of its billions of neurons to represent everything; different brain regions represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at the back of the brain has neurons that respond to different visual ____

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the ____ — for example, when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that ____ when different kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more than just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can ____ to inputs from many groups of neurons.

This can produce a ____ representation of what the input neurons represent.

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory modalities of ____ vision, and smell come together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It ____ clear, therefore, that the brain is a superb representational device.

For ____ last few centuries, experts have worried ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one ____ source of this anxiety.

____ as ancient Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially influential proponent ____ this movement was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his ____ youth with gymnastics, hiking, running, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who ____ or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to ____ up fitness for the sake of the state still occur in China and elsewhere.

Many climatologists accept there is ____ real possibility of global climatic warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with ____ large-scale changes, there would be winners and losers.

____ climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems the most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive increased rainfall.

They would benefit ____ their agricultural output would increase.

On the ____ hand, southern Europe and the United States cereal belt might become drier.

If warming produced a rate ____ evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction ____ the fall of temperature at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, soils would become somewhat moister, and ____ would benefit.

Social media platforms enhance learning experiences, increase student ____ and foster engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical ____ understand the why behind what you do with social media.

Knowing this reason will ____ you with choosing the most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your ____ goals with digital tools that are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying colors because such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes ____ your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a practical decision based on making a good fit with a targeted ____

For example, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such as writing essays and ____ formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by ____ students to provide virtual input about a topic through social interaction.

The only way ____ produce crystal-clear writing is to know how a reader will respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are most easily understood, which organization of material into ____ is most easily followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “divide the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion ____ and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list of such rules ____ your computer and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, using them makes writing mechanical, and good writing ____ entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to ____ how readers think, and write to that understanding.

____ order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience and apply general writing rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number of volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” ____ in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist Hoyt Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana culture and ____ for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major problem the Peace Corps ____ were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different meanings.

The ____ complained that the Tswana would never leave them alone.

Whenever they tried to get away and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly ____ them.

This made the Americans ____

From their ____ everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is ____ life; the only people who want to be alone are witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw ____ sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one behavior — a person walking out into ____ field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very different meanings.