2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of its ____ of neurons to represent everything; different brain regions represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at the back of the ____ has neurons that respond to different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the input — for example, when a column of ____ fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that fire when ____ kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more than just ____ stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from many groups of neurons.

This can produce a combined representation of ____ the input neurons represent.

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory modalities of taste, vision, and smell come together, enabling the representation of ____ and their key properties.

It is ____, therefore, that the brain is a superb representational device.

For the last few centuries, experts have worried ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising ____.

Nationalism is ____ major source of this anxiety.

Just as ancient Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other ____ of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially ____ proponent of this movement was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with gymnastics, hiking, ____, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for ____ Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to drum up fitness for the sake of the state ____ occur in China and elsewhere.

____ climatologists accept there is a real possibility of global climatic warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with many large-scale changes, there ____ be winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which ____ the most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive increased rainfall.

They would ____ and their agricultural output would increase.

On the other ____, southern Europe and the United States cereal belt might become drier.

If warming ____ a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming ____ be experienced as a reduction in the fall of temperature at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, soils would ____ somewhat moister, and agriculture would benefit.

Social media platforms enhance learning experiences, increase student ____, and foster engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical activities, ____ the why behind what you do with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide you with choosing the most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional ____.

Be ____ to match your instructional goals with digital tools that are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being ____ to apps with fireworks and flying colors because such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a practical decision based on making a ____ fit with a targeted skill.

For example, many social media platforms do ____ fit well with skills such as writing essays and giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input about a topic ____ social interaction.

The only way to produce crystal-clear writing is to know how a reader will respond to the choices you ____ in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are most easily understood, which ____ of material into sections is most easily followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “____ the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list of such rules above your ____ and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, using them makes ____ mechanical, and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand ____ readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your ____ and apply general writing rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number of volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their ____ hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist Hoyt ____, who was familiar with Tswana culture and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major problem the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different ____.

The volunteers complained that the Tswana would never leave ____ alone.

____ they tried to get away and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join them.

This made the ____ angry.

____ their perspective, everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; the only people who ____ to be alone are witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw them sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome ____ company.

Here, one behavior — a person walking out into a field and sitting by himself or ____ — had two very different meanings.