2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of its billions of neurons to represent everything; different ____ regions represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual ____ at the back of the brain has neurons that respond to different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns ____ spatially to the structure of the input — for example, when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that fire when ____ kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The ____ brain can do a lot more than just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from many groups of neurons.

This can produce a combined representation of what the input neurons ____.

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory ____ of taste, vision, and smell come together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It is clear, therefore, that the ____ is a superb representational device.

For the last few centuries, experts ____ worried ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one major ____ of this anxiety.

Just as ancient Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to ____ as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially influential ____ of this movement was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators ____ a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with gymnastics, hiking, running, and more.

____, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to drum up ____ for the sake of the state still occur in China and elsewhere.

Many climatologists ____ there is a real possibility of global climatic warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with many large-scale changes, there would be winners and ____.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which ____ the most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive increased rainfall.

They would benefit and their ____ output would increase.

On the other hand, southern Europe and the United States cereal belt might ____ drier.

If warming produced a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils ____ become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction in the fall of ____ at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would ____ less frequent, soils would become somewhat moister, and agriculture would benefit.

Social media platforms enhance learning experiences, increase student interaction, and foster ____.

However, just like with other ____ activities, understand the why behind what you do with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide you with choosing the ____ effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your ____ goals with digital tools that are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying colors because such highly attractive apps ____ not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a practical decision based on ____ a good fit with a targeted skill.

For example, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills ____ as writing essays and giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can ____ other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input about a topic through social interaction.

The only way to produce crystal-clear writing is to know how a reader ____ respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence ____ are most easily understood, which organization of material into sections is most easily followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “____ the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list of such rules above your computer and ____ it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, using them makes writing mechanical, and good writing sometimes entails ____ when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: ____ of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand how readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience and ____ general writing rules flexibly.

In the ____ 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number of volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist Hoyt Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana ____ and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one ____ problem the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different meanings.

The ____ complained that the Tswana would never leave them alone.

Whenever they tried to get away and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join ____.

This made the Americans ____.

From their ____, everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; the ____ people who want to be alone are witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw them sitting alone naturally assumed that there ____ been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one behavior — a person walking out into a field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very ____ meanings.