2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of its billions ____ neurons to represent everything; different brain regions represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at the back of ____ brain has neurons that respond to different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the input — for example, when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is ____ of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that fire when different kinds of ____ olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more than just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from ____ groups of neurons.

This can produce a combined representation of what the input ____ represent.

For example, there are regions in the frontal ____ of monkeys where the sensory modalities of taste, vision, and smell come together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It is clear, therefore, ____ the brain is a superb representational device.

For the last few centuries, ____ have worried ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one major source of ____ anxiety.

Just as ancient Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military ____

An especially influential proponent of this movement was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of ____

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth ____ Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with gymnastics, hiking, running, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of ____ among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to drum up fitness for the sake of the ____ still occur in China and elsewhere.

Many climatologists accept there is a real possibility of global climatic warming due ____ an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with many large-scale changes, there would ____ winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems ____ most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive increased rainfall.

They would benefit and their agricultural output would ____

On the other hand, southern Europe and the United States ____ belt might become drier.

If ____ produced a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may ____ however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction in the fall of temperature at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, ____ would become somewhat moister, and agriculture would benefit.

Social media ____ enhance learning experiences, increase student interaction, and foster engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical activities, ____ the why behind what you do with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide you with choosing the ____ effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your instructional goals with digital tools ____ are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying colors because such highly attractive ____ may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a practical decision based on making a ____ fit with a targeted skill.

For example, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such as writing essays ____ giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input about a topic through social ____

The only way to produce crystal-clear writing is to know how a reader will respond to the ____ you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are most easily understood, which organization of material into sections is most ____ followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along ____ lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “divide the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list of such rules above your computer and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach ____

But long lists of rules are boring. ____ using them makes writing mechanical, and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve ____ told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand how readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience and apply general writing rules ____

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the ____ of volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The ____ Corps asked American anthropologist Hoyt Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana culture and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major ____ the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different meanings.

The ____ complained that the Tswana would never leave them alone.

Whenever they tried to get ____ and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join them.

This made the Americans ____

From their ____ everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To ____ Tswana, however, human life is social life; the only people who want to be alone are witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to ____ either, the Tswana who saw them sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one behavior — ____ person walking out into a field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very different meanings.