2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of ____ billions of neurons to represent everything; different brain regions represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at the back of the brain has neurons that respond ____ different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the input — for example, when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual ____

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that fire when different kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch ____ are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more ____ just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from many groups of neurons.

This can ____ a combined representation of what the input neurons represent.

For example, there are ____ in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory modalities of taste, vision, and smell come together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It is clear, ____ that the brain is a superb representational device.

For the last few centuries, experts have worried ____ that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one major ____ of this anxiety.

Just as ancient Spartans were required and Romans ____ urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially influential proponent of this movement was Friedrich Jahn, ____ “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth ____ Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with gymnastics, hiking, running, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness ____ schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to drum up ____ for the sake of the state still occur in China and elsewhere.

Many climatologists accept there is a ____ possibility of global climatic warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with many large-scale changes, there would ____ winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems the most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia ____ receive increased rainfall.

____ would benefit and their agricultural output would increase.

On ____ other hand, southern Europe and the United States cereal belt might become drier.

If warming ____ a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will ____ experienced as a reduction in the fall of temperature at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

____ that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, soils would become somewhat moister, and agriculture would benefit.

Social media platforms enhance learning ____ increase student interaction, and foster engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical activities, understand the why behind what you ____ with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide ____ with choosing the most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your instructional goals with digital tools that are accessible on websites and ____

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying colors because such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ ____ needs.

Selecting a ____ media platform is a practical decision based on making a good fit with a targeted skill.

For ____ many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such as writing essays and giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input ____ a topic through social interaction.

The only way to produce crystal-clear writing is to know how ____ reader will respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are most easily understood, which organization of material into sections is most easily ____ and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer ____ general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “divide the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape ____ long list of such rules above your computer and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, using them makes writing mechanical, and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following ____

Furthermore, using a list of ____ is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand how readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience ____ apply general writing rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number ____ volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist Hoyt Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana culture ____ society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major problem the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having ____ different meanings.

The volunteers complained that the Tswana would never ____ them alone.

Whenever they tried to get away and sit by themselves for a ____ minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join them.

____ made the Americans angry.

From ____ perspective, everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; the only people who want to be alone ____ witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw them sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome ____ company.

Here, one behavior — a person walking ____ into a field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very different meanings.