2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The ____ does not try to use all of its billions of neurons to represent everything; different brain regions represent different kinds of sensory stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex at ____ back of the brain has neurons that respond to different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially to the structure of the input — for example, when a column ____ neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have ____ of neurons that fire when different kinds of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more than just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs from many ____ of neurons.

This can produce a combined representation of what the input neurons ____

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the ____ modalities of taste, vision, and smell come together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

____ is clear, therefore, that the brain is a superb representational device.

For the last few centuries, experts have ____ ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one ____ source of this anxiety.

Just as ____ Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving leaders and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

An especially influential proponent of this movement was Friedrich ____ the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of ____ over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with gymnastics, hiking, running, and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack ____ fitness among many men who enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

National movements to drum up fitness for the sake of the state still ____ in China and elsewhere.

____ climatologists accept there is a real possibility of global climatic warming due to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

As with ____ large-scale changes, there would be winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems the most likely overall result, parts of the ____ and southern Russia would receive increased rainfall.

They would benefit and their agricultural output would ____

____ the other hand, southern Europe and the United States cereal belt might become drier.

If warming produced a rate of ____ that exceeded the increase in the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction ____ the fall of temperature at night, due to increased cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime ____ would become less frequent, soils would become somewhat moister, and agriculture would benefit.

Social media ____ enhance learning experiences, increase student interaction, and foster engagement.

However, just like with other pedagogical activities, understand the why behind what ____ do with social media.

Knowing this reason will guide you with choosing ____ most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your instructional goals with digital ____ that are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying ____ because such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a social media platform is a practical decision based on making a ____ fit with a targeted skill.

For example, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such ____ writing essays and giving formal presentations.

____ these platforms can enhance other pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input about a topic through social interaction.

The only way to produce ____ writing is to know how a reader will respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know ____ sentence structures are most easily understood, which organization of material into sections is most easily followed, and so on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for example, “use the active voice,” “divide ____ paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list ____ such rules above your computer and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, ____ them makes writing mechanical, and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely ____ would be more effective to understand how readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to grasp the viewpoint of your audience and apply general ____ rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number of volunteers who seemed ____ be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and increasingly hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked American anthropologist ____ Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana culture and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major problem the Peace ____ volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different meanings.

The volunteers complained that the Tswana would never ____ them alone.

Whenever they ____ to get away and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have some private time, one or more Tswana would quickly join them.

This ____ the Americans angry.

____ their perspective, everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy and time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; ____ only people who want to be alone are witches and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who saw them sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that ____ volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one ____ — a person walking out into a field and sitting by himself or herself — had two very different meanings.