2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There ____ evidence that low self-esteem people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions.

When Campbell ____ Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual scatter or greater variance.

High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive ____ and rejected the negative adjectives.

Low self-esteem subjects did ____ in contrast, strongly and consistently endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more intermediate ratings and more ____ ratings to both types of adjectives.

Therefore, it appears that low and high self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one ____

The power and value of being literate in a ____ society are played out every day around the world.

Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make considerable sacrifices to become literate ____ as others take it for granted.

Societies that do not practice ____ behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh.

Present-day examples are easy to list, but in fact this has always ____ the case.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than two centuries ____ "The mass of every people must be barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent ____ literate behavior is absent.

Literacy ____ quality of life go hand in hand.

With literacy comes the power of belonging to a privileged group and the freedom ____ derives from that power.

Frederick Douglass, who struggled ____ a slave to learn to read, said it best: "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."

Culturally shared ____ of the self have been suggested to have profound influences on basic attention processes.

In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to focus their attention on events that are relevant to such desires ____ goals.

As a result, their attention may ____ focused.

This cognitive style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has ____ called analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend ____ broadly to a focal object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context.

This ____ of cognition has been called holistic.

____ predictions have been borne out.

For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to ____ information as well as relationships between the focal objects.

When a patient chooses to buy he or she becomes a part ____ demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that potential patient invisible, part of latent demand that does not ____ participate in the market.

That extra demand will ____ revealed if the price goes low enough.

For example, consider the development ____ an artificial heart.

If ____ heart costs $1 million, they would only be used in matters of life and death.

If further development reduced the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 each, more ____ would get them.

The artificial hearts would still be used only for people ____ serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart gave out.

If the ____ of making an artificial heart dropped to $100, one would be readily available to anyone who needed it.

Consider what would happen if the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a ____ visit to the doctor.

Some people who had never been ill but were just worried might have new ____ implanted.

____ do more than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an understandable (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is generally part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick ____ various threads of a complex story.

Historians also make events understandable by casting them in ____ particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way ____ George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, Bush had to attempt exactly that.

Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway musical about the heroic King Arthur and ____ Knights of the Round Table.

Similarly, one historian may view a ____ chain of events as improvement, while another may perceive it as a decline.

These are just a few of the ____ historians may make narrative sense of history.

Prestige is a particular ____ of status that only humans recognize.

Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or ____ individual, and these are also important for humans: fearsome warriors are celebrated universally.

____ is almost the opposite.

Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of ____ from — they are experts, older people.

And if someone has prestige in one field, they ____ high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to their field; we are likely to copy all their decisions.

____ prestige may have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits of cultural transmission.

Success in one area of life affords someone the status of general ____ leader.

We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so ____ their reputation rubs off on us.

That's why a golfing ____ can sell you a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings are ____ cognitive assignments we make to those emotions.

This is ____ a much more complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two.

However, the most noteworthy ____ of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean.

This can be more easily grasped ____ thinking about a more concrete exemplar: ancient war drums.

Most ____ agree that hearing a beating war drum does not lead one to pick a side in a given conflict.

A beating war drum merely helps one march more ____ on whichever side was chosen to begin with.

____ neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one to "feel" more energy toward a given end and step more quickly.

Perhaps Shakespeare knew something of this when he wrote Timon's ____ "follow thy drum ...".

The key to unlocking the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay ____ irrigation.

Early Mesopotamians, particularly the ____ were pioneers in developing sophisticated irrigation techniques.

They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of the rivers, diverting water to their fields during dry periods and protecting ____ settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and organization ____ a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states.

Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to divert water to ____ fields.

Over time, these systems ____ more elaborate, with complex networks of canals spanning vast distances.

The ____ and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor force, which was often organized and directed by temple priests or powerful leaders.

This centralized control over water resources provided a basis for political power and social ____

If culture finds its metaphorical basis in agriculture, ____ finds it in exchange.

When our society is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things and judge them in relation to ____ other.

As a result, we have a choice between better and cheaper options; we ____ pick the new and the never-before-tried.

Such ____ broaden our horizons and improve our lives.

This is why civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, people, ideas, faiths, and ____ of life.

The consequences of such interaction may be unsettling, but they ____ also be liberating.

We no longer ____ to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be who we are.

Civilization ____ us with a means of escape.

Or, differently put, exchange ____ the enemy of culture.

When ____ with alternatives, we give up our old ways.

We no longer do the things we used to do and ____ are no longer quite the same people as before.

This ____ how civilization undermines and destroys culture.

Science and democracy share important principles and ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge ____ power.

The authority of both scientific knowledge and democratic governance is legitimated ____ representation.

It is only when this representation is ____ as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, however, never perfect or ____

Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit potential alternative representations, continuous struggles over what is ____ and what is not can be foreseen.

To represent means to ____ which implies the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues.

This further means that both science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for improvement, which are based on critical ____ of existing representations.

Differences in geology and climate make soils ____ different regions more or less capable of sustained agriculture.

In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean ____ after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost all of the nutrients from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush vegetation essentially feeds ____ itself, retaining and recycling nutrients inherited from rocks weathered long ago.

As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the plants themselves, once the native ____ disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil.

Often too few nutrients remain to support either crops or ____ within decades of deforestation.

Nutrient-poor tropical soils illustrate ____ general rule that life depends on recycling past life.

Knowledge ____ power.

And one way to measure the amount of trust on a team is by looking ____ how much information people keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust).

Team ____ signal that they trust their team when they share privileged information with them.

This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the whole team knows what they're ____ with and where the priorities are.

It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are ____ available but rarely shared.

It ____ even be passing on information shared by another team.

In a meeting, any time someone ____ "This stays here," the atmosphere changes.

People know whatever follows is spoken in trust, and they respond to that ____ of being trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to feel like they're in the inner circle when they receive more information about ____ work or the environment than they usually do.

They start to see how ____ work fits into the larger organizational whole.