2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There is evidence that low self-esteem people are less evaluatively consistent in their ____

When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) ____ positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual scatter or greater variance.

High self-esteem ____ strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the negative adjectives.

Low self-esteem subjects ____ not, in contrast, strongly and consistently endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more intermediate ratings and more variable ____ to both types of adjectives.

Therefore, it appears that low ____ high self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one another.

The power and value of being literate in ____ literate society are played out every day around the world.

____ individuals, and in fact whole societies, make considerable sacrifices to become literate just as others take it for granted.

Societies that do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, ____ harsh.

____ examples are easy to list, but in fact this has always been the case.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than two centuries ago, ____ mass of every people must be barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can ____ found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent where literate behavior is absent.

Literacy and ____ of life go hand in hand.

With literacy comes the power of belonging to a privileged group and the freedom that derives from ____ power.

Frederick Douglass, who struggled as a slave to learn to read, said it best: ____ you learn to read, you will be forever free."

Culturally shared views ____ the self have been suggested to have profound influences on basic attention processes.

In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as ____ and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to focus their attention on events that are relevant to such desires and goals.

As a result, their attention may ____ focused.

This cognitive style, ____ is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has been called analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more broadly to a focal object ____ well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context.

This mode of cognition has been called ____

____ predictions have been borne out.

For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas ____ were more likely to refer to contextual information as well as relationships between the focal objects.

When a ____ chooses to buy he or she becomes a part of demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not ____ so leaves that potential patient invisible, part of latent demand that does not effectively participate in the market.

That extra demand will be revealed ____ the price goes low enough.

For ____ consider the development of an artificial heart.

If each heart costs ____ million, they would only be used in matters of life and death.

If further ____ reduced the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 each, more people would get them.

The artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart ____ out.

If the cost of making an artificial heart dropped ____ $100, one would be readily available to anyone who needed it.

Consider what would happen ____ the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a 15-minute visit to the doctor.

Some people who had never been ill but ____ just worried might have new hearts implanted.

____ do more than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an understandable (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is generally part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much ____ writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story.

Historians also make events understandable by casting them ____ a particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, ____ had to attempt exactly that.

Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway ____ about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

Similarly, one historian may view ____ certain chain of events as improvement, while another may perceive it as a decline.

These are just a few of ____ ways historians may make narrative sense of history.

Prestige is a particular form of status that only humans ____

Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and these are also important for ____ fearsome warriors are celebrated universally.

Prestige is almost the ____

Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of learning from — they are ____ older people.

And if someone has prestige in one field, they become high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to their field; we are ____ to copy all their decisions.

Indeed, prestige ____ have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits of cultural transmission.

Success in one area ____ life affords someone the status of general opinion leader.

We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so ____ their reputation rubs off on us.

____ why a golfing hero can sell you a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings ____ the cognitive assignments we make to those emotions.

This is undoubtedly a much more complicated dynamic and ____ is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two.

However, the most noteworthy application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make ____ decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean.

This can be more easily grasped when thinking about a more concrete ____ ancient war drums.

Most would agree that hearing a beating war drum does not lead ____ to pick a side in a given conflict.

A beating war drum merely helps one ____ more energetically on whichever side was chosen to begin with.

The neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one to "feel" more energy toward a given end and ____ more quickly.

____ Shakespeare knew something of this when he wrote Timon's words, "follow thy drum ...".

The key to unlocking the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay ____ irrigation.

Early Mesopotamians, particularly ____ Sumerians, were pioneers in developing sophisticated irrigation techniques.

They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of the rivers, diverting water to ____ fields during dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale previously unseen, leading to the ____ of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states.

Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels ____ divert water to nearby fields.

Over time, these systems became more elaborate, with complex networks of canals spanning vast ____

The construction and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor force, which was often organized and directed by temple priests ____ powerful leaders.

This centralized control over water resources provided a ____ for political power and social hierarchy.

If culture finds its metaphorical basis in agriculture, civilization finds ____ in exchange.

When our society is ____ to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things and judge them in relation to each other.

As a result, ____ have a choice between better and cheaper options; we can pick the new and the never-before-tried.

Such choices ____ our horizons and improve our lives.

This is why civilization ____ on the unencumbered circulation of goods, people, ideas, faiths, and ways of life.

The consequences of such interaction ____ be unsettling, but they can also be liberating.

We no longer have to be confined to, and ____ the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be who we are.

Civilization provides ____ with a means of escape.

Or, differently put, exchange ____ the enemy of culture.

When presented with alternatives, we ____ up our old ways.

We no longer do the ____ we used to do and we are no longer quite the same people as before.

This is how civilization ____ and destroys culture.

Science and democracy share important principles ____ ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge and power.

The ____ of both scientific knowledge and democratic governance is legitimated by representation.

It is only when this representation ____ accepted as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, however, never perfect or ____

Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit potential alternative representations, continuous struggles over what is represented and ____ is not can be foreseen.

To represent means to simplify, which implies the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of ____ complicated issues.

This ____ means that both science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for improvement, which are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

Differences in geology ____ climate make soils in different regions more or less capable of sustained agriculture.

In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost all of the ____ from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush vegetation essentially feeds on itself, retaining and recycling nutrients inherited from rocks ____ long ago.

As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the plants themselves, once ____ native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil.

Often too few nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of ____

Nutrient-poor tropical ____ illustrate the general rule that life depends on recycling past life.

____ is power.

And ____ way to measure the amount of trust on a team is by looking at how much information people keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust).

Team leaders signal that they trust their team when ____ share privileged information with them.

This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the whole team knows what they're working with and where the ____ are.

It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are widely available but ____ shared.

It could even be passing on information ____ by another team.

In a ____ any time someone says, "This stays here," the atmosphere changes.

People know whatever ____ is spoken in trust, and they respond to that feeling of being trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to feel like they're in the inner circle ____ they receive more information about their work or the environment than they usually do.

They start to see how their work fits into ____ larger organizational whole.