2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There is evidence that low ____ people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions.

When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual scatter or ____ variance.

High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed ____ positive adjectives and rejected the negative adjectives.

Low self-esteem subjects did not, in contrast, strongly and ____ endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more ____ ratings and more variable ratings to both types of adjectives.

Therefore, it appears that ____ and high self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one another.

The power and value of being literate ____ a literate society are played out every day around the world.

Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make considerable sacrifices to become literate just as others ____ it for granted.

Societies ____ do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh.

Present-day examples are easy to list, but ____ fact this has always been the case.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than two centuries ago, "The mass of every people must ____ barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent where literate ____ is absent.

Literacy and quality ____ life go hand in hand.

____ literacy comes the power of belonging to a privileged group and the freedom that derives from that power.

Frederick Douglass, who struggled as a slave to learn ____ read, said it best: "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."

Culturally shared views of the self have been suggested to have profound influences on ____ attention processes.

In Western cultures, ____ are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to focus their attention on events that are relevant to such desires and goals.

As a ____ their attention may become focused.

This cognitive style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its ____ has been called analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are ____ attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more broadly to a focal object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context.

This ____ of cognition has been called holistic.

These predictions have been borne ____

For example, when presented ____ an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual information as well as relationships between the focal objects.

When a patient chooses to buy he or ____ becomes a part of demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that potential patient invisible, part of latent demand that ____ not effectively participate in the market.

That extra demand will be revealed ____ the price goes low enough.

For example, consider the development of an ____ heart.

If each heart costs $1 million, they ____ only be used in matters of life and death.

If further development reduced the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 ____ more people would get them.

____ artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart gave out.

If the cost of making an artificial heart dropped to $100, one would be readily available to anyone who ____ it.

Consider what would happen if the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a ____ visit to the doctor.

Some people who had never been ill but were ____ worried might have new hearts implanted.

____ do more than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an understandable (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is generally ____ of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story.

Historians also make events understandable by casting them in ____ particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in ____ Bush had to attempt exactly that.

Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a ____ musical about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

Similarly, one historian may view a certain chain of events as improvement, while another may ____ it as a decline.

These are just a few of the ways historians may make ____ sense of history.

Prestige is a particular form of status that only humans ____

Most animals observe the advantages ____ dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and these are also important for humans: fearsome warriors are celebrated universally.

Prestige is almost ____ opposite.

Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of learning from — ____ are experts, older people.

And if someone has prestige in one field, they become high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to their field; we are likely ____ copy all their decisions.

Indeed, prestige may have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits ____ cultural transmission.

Success in one area of life affords someone the status of general opinion ____

We want to learn from successful individuals, or ____ simply be associated with them in some way, so that their reputation rubs off on us.

That's why a golfing hero can ____ you a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings are ____ cognitive assignments we make to those emotions.

This is undoubtedly a ____ more complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two.

However, the most ____ application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean.

This can ____ more easily grasped when thinking about a more concrete exemplar: ancient war drums.

Most would agree that ____ a beating war drum does not lead one to pick a side in a given conflict.

A beating ____ drum merely helps one march more energetically on whichever side was chosen to begin with.

The neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one to "feel" more energy toward ____ given end and step more quickly.

Perhaps Shakespeare knew something of this when he wrote Timon's words, "follow thy drum ____

The ____ to unlocking the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay in irrigation.

Early Mesopotamians, particularly the Sumerians, were pioneers in developing sophisticated irrigation ____

They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow ____ the rivers, diverting water to their fields during dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and organization ____ a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states.

Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to ____ water to nearby fields.

Over time, these systems became more elaborate, ____ complex networks of canals spanning vast distances.

The construction and maintenance of these systems required a ____ labor force, which was often organized and directed by temple priests or powerful leaders.

This ____ control over water resources provided a basis for political power and social hierarchy.

____ culture finds its metaphorical basis in agriculture, civilization finds it in exchange.

When our society is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things and judge them in relation to ____ other.

As a result, we have a choice between better and cheaper options; we can pick the new and the ____

Such choices ____ our horizons and improve our lives.

This is why civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, people, ideas, faiths, and ways ____ life.

The consequences of such interaction ____ be unsettling, but they can also be liberating.

We no longer have to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be ____ we are.

Civilization provides ____ with a means of escape.

Or, differently put, ____ is the enemy of culture.

When presented with alternatives, we give up our old ____

We ____ longer do the things we used to do and we are no longer quite the same people as before.

This is how civilization ____ and destroys culture.

____ and democracy share important principles and ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge and power.

The authority of both scientific knowledge ____ democratic governance is legitimated by representation.

It is only when ____ representation is accepted as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, ____ never perfect or complete.

Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit ____ alternative representations, continuous struggles over what is represented and what is not can be foreseen.

To represent means to simplify, which ____ the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues.

This further means that both science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for improvement, ____ are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

Differences in geology and climate make soils in different ____ more or less capable of sustained agriculture.

In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost ____ of the nutrients from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush vegetation essentially feeds on itself, retaining and recycling nutrients inherited from rocks ____ long ago.

As most of the ____ in these areas reside not in the soil but in the plants themselves, once the native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil.

Often too few nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of ____

Nutrient-poor tropical soils illustrate the general rule that life depends on recycling past ____

Knowledge ____ power.

And one way to measure the amount of trust on a team is by looking at how much information ____ keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust).

Team leaders signal that ____ trust their team when they share privileged information with them.

This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the whole team knows what they're working with and where the priorities ____

It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are widely available ____ rarely shared.

It could even be passing on information shared ____ another team.

In a ____ any time someone says, "This stays here," the atmosphere changes.

People know whatever follows is spoken in ____ and they respond to that feeling of being trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to feel like they're in the inner circle when they receive more ____ about their work or the environment than they usually do.

They ____ to see how their work fits into the larger organizational whole.