2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There is evidence that low ____ people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions.

When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with ____ self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual scatter or greater variance.

High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the ____ adjectives.

Low self-esteem subjects did not, in contrast, strongly and consistently endorse the ____ adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more intermediate ____ and more variable ratings to both types of adjectives.

Therefore, it appears that low and ____ self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one another.

The power and value of being literate in a ____ society are played out every day around the world.

Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make considerable sacrifices to become ____ just as others take it for granted.

Societies that do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, ____ of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh.

Present-day ____ are easy to list, but in fact this has always been the case.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than two ____ ago, "The mass of every people must be barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent where literate behavior is ____.

Literacy and ____ of life go hand in hand.

With literacy comes the power of ____ to a privileged group and the freedom that derives from that power.

Frederick Douglass, who struggled as a slave to learn to read, ____ it best: "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."

Culturally shared views of the self have ____ suggested to have profound influences on basic attention processes.

In ____ cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to focus their attention on events that are relevant to such desires and goals.

As a result, their attention may become ____.

This ____ style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has been called analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to ____ aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more broadly to a focal object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context.

This ____ of cognition has been called holistic.

These predictions ____ been borne out.

For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were ____ likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual information as well as relationships between the focal objects.

When a ____ chooses to buy he or she becomes a part of demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that potential patient invisible, part of latent demand that ____ not effectively participate in the market.

That extra demand will be ____ if the price goes low enough.

For example, consider the ____ of an artificial heart.

If each heart costs $1 million, they would only be used in ____ of life and death.

If further development reduced the cost of artificial ____ to $100,000 each, more people would get them.

The artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's ____ heart gave out.

If the cost of making an artificial heart dropped to $100, one ____ be readily available to anyone who needed it.

Consider what would happen if the cost of an artificial ____ dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a 15-minute visit to the doctor.

Some ____ who had never been ill but were just worried might have new hearts implanted.

Historians do ____ than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an understandable (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is ____ part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story.

Historians also make ____ understandable by casting them in a particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once ____ "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, Bush had to attempt exactly that.

Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway ____ about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

Similarly, one ____ may view a certain chain of events as improvement, while another may perceive it as a decline.

These are just a few of the ways historians may make ____ sense of history.

Prestige is a particular form of status that ____ humans recognize.

Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and ____ are also important for humans: fearsome warriors are celebrated universally.

____ is almost the opposite.

Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of ____ from — they are experts, older people.

And if someone has prestige in one field, they become high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to their ____; we are likely to copy all their decisions.

Indeed, ____ may have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits of cultural transmission.

Success in one area of life affords ____ the status of general opinion leader.

We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so that their reputation ____ off on us.

That's why a golfing ____ can sell you a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings are the cognitive ____ we make to those emotions.

This is ____ a much more complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two.

However, the most noteworthy application of the distinction ____ emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean.

This can be more easily grasped when thinking about a more concrete exemplar: ancient ____ drums.

Most would agree that hearing a beating war drum does not lead one to pick a side in a ____ conflict.

A beating war drum merely helps one march more energetically on whichever ____ was chosen to begin with.

The neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one to "feel" more energy toward a given ____ and step more quickly.

Perhaps Shakespeare knew something of this ____ he wrote Timon's words, "follow thy drum ...".

The key to unlocking the agricultural ____ of Mesopotamia lay in irrigation.

Early Mesopotamians, particularly the Sumerians, were pioneers in developing sophisticated ____ techniques.

They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of the rivers, ____ water to their fields during dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale ____ unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states.

Early irrigation was ____ small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to divert water to nearby fields.

Over time, these systems became more elaborate, with complex networks of canals ____ vast distances.

The construction and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor ____, which was often organized and directed by temple priests or powerful leaders.

This centralized control over water resources provided a basis for political power and social ____.

If culture finds its metaphorical basis in agriculture, civilization finds it in ____.

When our society is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can ____ compare things and judge them in relation to each other.

As a ____, we have a choice between better and cheaper options; we can pick the new and the never-before-tried.

Such ____ broaden our horizons and improve our lives.

This is ____ civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, people, ideas, faiths, and ways of life.

The consequences of such interaction may be unsettling, but they can ____ be liberating.

We no longer have to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer ____ to be who we are.

Civilization ____ us with a means of escape.

Or, differently put, ____ is the enemy of culture.

When presented with alternatives, we give up our old ____.

We no longer do the things we used to do and we are no ____ quite the same people as before.

This is how civilization undermines and ____ culture.

Science and democracy share important ____ and ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge and power.

The authority of ____ scientific knowledge and democratic governance is legitimated by representation.

It is only ____ this representation is accepted as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, however, ____ perfect or complete.

Since both ____ practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit potential alternative representations, continuous struggles over what is represented and what is not can be foreseen.

To represent ____ to simplify, which implies the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues.

This further means that ____ science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for improvement, which are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

Differences in geology and climate make soils in ____ regions more or less capable of sustained agriculture.

In particular, the abundant ____ and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost all of the nutrients from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush ____ essentially feeds on itself, retaining and recycling nutrients inherited from rocks weathered long ago.

As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the ____ themselves, once the native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil.

Often too few ____ remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of deforestation.

Nutrient-poor tropical ____ illustrate the general rule that life depends on recycling past life.

Knowledge is ____.

And one way to measure the amount of trust on a ____ is by looking at how much information people keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust).

____ leaders signal that they trust their team when they share privileged information with them.

This ____ be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the whole team knows what they're working with and where the priorities are.

It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are widely ____ but rarely shared.

It could even be passing on information shared by another ____.

In a meeting, ____ time someone says, "This stays here," the atmosphere changes.

People know whatever follows is spoken in trust, and they respond to that ____ of being trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to feel like they're in the inner circle when they receive more information ____ their work or the environment than they usually do.

They ____ to see how their work fits into the larger organizational whole.