2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There is evidence that low ____ people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions.

When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual ____ or greater variance.

High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the negative ____.

Low self-esteem subjects did not, in contrast, strongly and ____ endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more intermediate ratings and more ____ ratings to both types of adjectives.

____, it appears that low and high self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one another.

The power and value of being literate in a literate society are played out every day ____ the world.

Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make ____ sacrifices to become literate just as others take it for granted.

____ that do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh.

Present-day examples are easy to list, but in fact this has always been the ____.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than two centuries ago, "The mass of every people ____ be barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "____" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent where literate behavior is absent.

Literacy and ____ of life go hand in hand.

With literacy comes the power of belonging to a privileged group and the freedom that derives from that ____.

Frederick Douglass, who struggled as a slave to learn to read, said it best: "Once ____ learn to read, you will be forever free."

Culturally shared views of the self have been suggested to have profound ____ on basic attention processes.

In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to focus their ____ on events that are relevant to such desires and goals.

As a result, their attention ____ become focused.

This cognitive style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has been ____ analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more ____ to a focal object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context.

This mode of ____ has been called holistic.

These ____ have been borne out.

For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual information as ____ as relationships between the focal objects.

When a patient chooses to buy he or she ____ a part of demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, ____ hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that potential patient invisible, part of latent demand that does not effectively participate in the market.

That extra ____ will be revealed if the price goes low enough.

For example, consider the ____ of an artificial heart.

If each heart costs $1 ____, they would only be used in matters of life and death.

If further development ____ the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 each, more people would get them.

The artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted ____ before a person's natural heart gave out.

If the cost of making an artificial heart dropped to $100, one ____ be readily available to anyone who needed it.

Consider what would happen if the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a 15-minute ____ to the doctor.

Some people who had never been ill but were just worried might have new ____ implanted.

Historians do more than ____ and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an understandable (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is ____ part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story.

Historians also ____ events understandable by casting them in a particular light or giving their narrative a particular tone.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, Bush had to attempt ____ that.

Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway musical about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the ____ Table.

Similarly, one ____ may view a certain chain of events as improvement, while another may perceive it as a decline.

These are just a few of the ways ____ may make narrative sense of history.

Prestige is a particular form of status that ____ humans recognize.

Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and these are also important for humans: fearsome warriors are celebrated ____.

Prestige is almost the ____.

Prestigious ____ are ones worthy of learning from — they are experts, older people.

And if someone has ____ in one field, they become high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to their field; we are likely to copy all their decisions.

Indeed, ____ may have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits of cultural transmission.

Success in one area of ____ affords someone the status of general opinion leader.

We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be ____ with them in some way, so that their reputation rubs off on us.

That's why a golfing hero can sell ____ a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings are the ____ assignments we make to those emotions.

This is undoubtedly a much more complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the ____ of these two.

However, the most noteworthy application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience ____ mean.

This can be more easily grasped when thinking about a ____ concrete exemplar: ancient war drums.

____ would agree that hearing a beating war drum does not lead one to pick a side in a given conflict.

A beating ____ drum merely helps one march more energetically on whichever side was chosen to begin with.

The neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums ____ one to "feel" more energy toward a given end and step more quickly.

Perhaps Shakespeare knew something of this when he ____ Timon's words, "follow thy drum ...".

The key to unlocking the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay in ____.

Early Mesopotamians, ____ the Sumerians, were pioneers in developing sophisticated irrigation techniques.

They ____ canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of the rivers, diverting water to their fields during dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and ____ on a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful city-states.

Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to divert water to ____ fields.

Over time, these systems became ____ elaborate, with complex networks of canals spanning vast distances.

The construction and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor force, which was ____ organized and directed by temple priests or powerful leaders.

This centralized ____ over water resources provided a basis for political power and social hierarchy.

If culture finds its ____ basis in agriculture, civilization finds it in exchange.

When our society is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things and judge them in ____ to each other.

As a result, we have a choice ____ better and cheaper options; we can pick the new and the never-before-tried.

Such choices broaden our horizons and improve our ____.

This is why civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, ____, ideas, faiths, and ways of life.

The consequences of such interaction may be unsettling, but they can also be ____.

We no ____ have to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be who we are.

Civilization provides us with a ____ of escape.

Or, ____ put, exchange is the enemy of culture.

When presented with alternatives, we give up our old ____.

We no ____ do the things we used to do and we are no longer quite the same people as before.

This is how civilization undermines and ____ culture.

Science and democracy share important principles and ideals that oppose illegitimate ____ for knowledge and power.

The authority of ____ scientific knowledge and democratic governance is legitimated by representation.

It is only when this representation is accepted as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the ____ of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, however, never perfect or ____.

Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit potential alternative representations, continuous ____ over what is represented and what is not can be foreseen.

To ____ means to simplify, which implies the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues.

This further means that both science and democracy have ____ mechanisms for improvement, which are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

Differences in geology and climate make soils in different regions more or less ____ of sustained agriculture.

In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost all of the nutrients from both the soil and the ____ rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush vegetation essentially feeds on itself, retaining and ____ nutrients inherited from rocks weathered long ago.

As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the ____ themselves, once the native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil.

Often too ____ nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of deforestation.

Nutrient-poor tropical soils illustrate the general ____ that life depends on recycling past life.

Knowledge is ____.

And one way to measure the amount of trust on a team is by looking at how ____ information people keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust).

Team leaders signal that they trust their team when they ____ privileged information with them.

This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the ____ team knows what they're working with and where the priorities are.

It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are widely ____ but rarely shared.

It ____ even be passing on information shared by another team.

In a meeting, any time someone says, "This ____ here," the atmosphere changes.

People know ____ follows is spoken in trust, and they respond to that feeling of being trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to ____ like they're in the inner circle when they receive more information about their work or the environment than they usually do.

They start to see how their ____ fits into the larger organizational whole.