2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There is ____ that low self-esteem people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions.

When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low ____ not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited more individual scatter or greater variance.

High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives ____ rejected the negative adjectives.

Low self-esteem ____ did not, in contrast, strongly and consistently endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more ____ ratings and more variable ratings to both types of adjectives.

Therefore, it appears that low and ____ self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with one another.

The power and value of being literate in a literate society are played out ____ day around the world.

Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make considerable sacrifices ____ become literate just as others take it for granted.

Societies that do not ____ literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh.

____ examples are easy to list, but in fact this has always been the case.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than ____ centuries ago, "The mass of every people must be barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent where literate ____ is absent.

Literacy and quality of life go hand ____ hand.

With literacy comes the power of belonging to ____ privileged group and the freedom that derives from that power.

Frederick ____ who struggled as a slave to learn to read, said it best: "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."

____ shared views of the self have been suggested to have profound influences on basic attention processes.

In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and ____ they may be expected to focus their attention on events that are relevant to such desires and goals.

As a ____ their attention may become focused.

This ____ style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has been called analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more broadly to a focal object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object ____ its context.

This mode of ____ has been called holistic.

____ predictions have been borne out.

For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they ____ European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual information as well as relationships between the focal objects.

When a patient chooses to ____ he or she becomes a part of demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that potential patient invisible, ____ of latent demand that does not effectively participate in the market.

That extra demand will be revealed ____ the price goes low enough.

For example, consider the development of an artificial ____

If each heart costs $1 million, they would only be used in matters of ____ and death.

____ further development reduced the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 each, more people would get them.

The artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart gave ____

If ____ cost of making an artificial heart dropped to $100, one would be readily available to anyone who needed it.

Consider what would happen if the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a 15-minute ____ to the doctor.

Some people who had never been ill but were ____ worried might have new hearts implanted.

Historians do more than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an ____ (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is generally part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go ____ and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story.

Historians also make events understandable by casting them in a particular light or ____ their narrative a particular tone.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, ____ had to attempt exactly that.

Historians can ____ romanticize events, as did those who described John F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway musical about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

Similarly, one historian may view a certain chain of events as improvement, while ____ may perceive it as a decline.

These are just ____ few of the ways historians may make narrative sense of history.

Prestige is a particular form of status ____ only humans recognize.

Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and these are also ____ for humans: fearsome warriors are celebrated universally.

Prestige ____ almost the opposite.

Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of learning ____ — they are experts, older people.

And if someone has prestige in one field, they become high-status individuals and their influence won't be limited to ____ field; we are likely to copy all their decisions.

Indeed, prestige may have evolved as a way ____ enhance the benefits of cultural transmission.

Success in one area of ____ affords someone the status of general opinion leader.

We want to learn from successful individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so that ____ reputation rubs off on us.

That's ____ a golfing hero can sell you a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, ____ response, while feelings are the cognitive assignments we make to those emotions.

This is undoubtedly a much more complicated dynamic and there is a great degree of highly ____ information explaining the interworking of these two.

However, the most noteworthy application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that ____ beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and make a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean.

This can be more easily grasped when thinking about a more concrete exemplar: ancient war ____

Most would agree that hearing a beating ____ drum does not lead one to pick a side in a given conflict.

A ____ war drum merely helps one march more energetically on whichever side was chosen to begin with.

The neurobiological experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one ____ "feel" more energy toward a given end and step more quickly.

____ Shakespeare knew something of this when he wrote Timon's words, "follow thy drum ...".

The key to unlocking the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay ____ irrigation.

Early Mesopotamians, particularly the Sumerians, were pioneers in ____ sophisticated irrigation techniques.

They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of ____ rivers, diverting water to their fields during dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the rise of powerful ____

Early irrigation ____ relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to divert water to nearby fields.

Over time, these systems became more elaborate, with complex networks ____ canals spanning vast distances.

The construction and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor force, ____ was often organized and directed by temple priests or powerful leaders.

This centralized control over water ____ provided a basis for political power and social hierarchy.

If culture finds its metaphorical basis in agriculture, civilization ____ it in exchange.

When our society is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things ____ judge them in relation to each other.

As a result, we have a choice between ____ and cheaper options; we can pick the new and the never-before-tried.

Such choices broaden ____ horizons and improve our lives.

This is why civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, people, ideas, faiths, and ____ of life.

____ consequences of such interaction may be unsettling, but they can also be liberating.

We no ____ have to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be who we are.

Civilization provides us with a ____ of escape.

Or, differently put, exchange is the enemy ____ culture.

When presented with alternatives, we give up our ____ ways.

We no longer do the things we used to do ____ we are no longer quite the same people as before.

This is how civilization undermines ____ destroys culture.

Science and democracy share important principles ____ ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge and power.

The authority of both scientific knowledge and democratic governance is legitimated ____ representation.

It is only when this ____ is accepted as legitimate that it can support the authority of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, however, ____ perfect or complete.

Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit potential alternative representations, continuous struggles over what ____ represented and what is not can be foreseen.

To represent means to ____ which implies the existence of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues.

____ further means that both science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for improvement, which are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

Differences in geology and climate make soils in different regions more or less ____ of sustained agriculture.

In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough ____ rainfall seeping into the ground leaches out almost all of the nutrients from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush vegetation essentially feeds on itself, retaining ____ recycling nutrients inherited from rocks weathered long ago.

As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the plants themselves, once ____ native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the soil.

____ too few nutrients remain to support either crops or livestock within decades of deforestation.

Nutrient-poor tropical soils illustrate the general rule that life depends on ____ past life.

____ is power.

And one way to measure the amount of trust on a ____ is by looking at how much information people keep to themselves (low trust) or share openly (high trust).

Team leaders signal that they trust their team when they ____ privileged information with them.

This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, ____ that the whole team knows what they're working with and where the priorities are.

It could also be competitive data or ____ trends that are widely available but rarely shared.

It could even be passing ____ information shared by another team.

In a meeting, any time someone says, "This stays here," the atmosphere ____

People know whatever follows is spoken in trust, and they respond to that feeling of ____ trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to feel like they're in the inner circle when they receive more information about their work or ____ environment than they usually do.

They start to see how their work fits into the ____ organizational whole.