2027 수특 영어독해연습 3강 변형문제

There is evidence that low ____ people are less evaluatively consistent in their self-descriptions.

When Campbell and Fehr examined how subjects rated themselves on sets of adjectives that were either uniformly positive or uniformly negative, subjects with low self-esteem not only gave ratings that were (on average) less positive or more negative, but their ratings within each set exhibited ____ individual scatter or greater variance.

High self-esteem subjects strongly and consistently endorsed the positive adjectives and rejected the negative ____.

Low self-esteem subjects did not, in contrast, strongly and ____ endorse the negative adjectives and reject the positive adjectives.

Rather, they gave more intermediate ratings and more variable ____ to both types of adjectives.

Therefore, it appears that low and high self-esteem individuals differ not only in the average positivity of their self-views, but also in the extent to which their self-views are evaluatively consistent with ____ another.

The power and value of being literate in a literate society are played out every ____ around the world.

Many individuals, and in fact whole societies, make ____ sacrifices to become literate just as others take it for granted.

____ that do not practice literate behavior are often squalid, undernourished in mind and body, repressive of human rights and dignity, brutal, and harsh.

Present-day examples are easy to list, but in ____ this has always been the case.

As Samuel Johnson observed more than two centuries ago, "The mass of every people ____ be barbarous where there is no printing."

We admit that various forms of "barbarity" can be found in all societies, but they are much more prevalent ____ literate behavior is absent.

Literacy and quality of life go ____ in hand.

With ____ comes the power of belonging to a privileged group and the freedom that derives from that power.

____ Douglass, who struggled as a slave to learn to read, said it best: "Once you learn to read, you will be forever free."

Culturally shared ____ of the self have been suggested to have profound influences on basic attention processes.

In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to discover their internal attributes such as desires and personal goals, and therefore they may be expected to ____ their attention on events that are relevant to such desires and goals.

As a result, their attention may become ____.

This cognitive style, which is anchored in a focal object in lieu of its context, has been ____ analytic.

In contrast, in Eastern cultures individuals are more attuned to various aspects of ever-important social relations and, as a consequence, they may be expected to attend more broadly to a ____ object as well as to its surrounding context, drawing inferences about the relationship between the object and its context.

This ____ of cognition has been called holistic.

These predictions ____ been borne out.

For example, when presented with an animated vignette of an underwater scene and subsequently asked to remember what they saw, European Americans were more likely to recall focal objects, whereas Japanese were more likely to refer to contextual ____ as well as relationships between the focal objects.

When a patient chooses to buy he or she becomes a ____ of demand.

Wanting to buy (drugs, plastic surgery, artificial hip, etc.) but not doing so leaves that ____ patient invisible, part of latent demand that does not effectively participate in the market.

That extra demand will be revealed if the price goes low ____.

For example, consider the development of an artificial ____.

If each heart costs $1 million, they ____ only be used in matters of life and death.

If further development reduced the cost of artificial hearts to $100,000 each, more people would ____ them.

The artificial hearts would still be used only for people with serious illnesses, but they might be implanted long before a person's natural heart ____ out.

If the cost of making an artificial heart ____ to $100, one would be readily available to anyone who needed it.

Consider ____ would happen if the cost of an artificial heart dropped to $10 and could be easily implanted during a 15-minute visit to the doctor.

Some ____ who had never been ill but were just worried might have new hearts implanted.

Historians do more than select and interpret evidence: they also organize the evidence in order to create an ____ (and, they hope, persuasive) narrative.

Chronological order is ____ part of making history plausible, especially when the causes of change are central, although in practice much historical writing must go back and forth in time in order to pick up various threads of a complex story.

Historians also make events understandable by casting them in a particular light or giving their narrative a particular ____.

For example, a historian might highlight historical ironies, such as the way President George W. Bush once criticized "nation building," in which the U.S. rebuilds a country's economic and political structure when its government fails; but later, as a consequence of launching a war in Iraq, ____ had to attempt exactly that.

Historians can also romanticize events, as did those who described ____ F. Kennedy's term as President as "Camelot," alluding to a Broadway musical about the heroic King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.

Similarly, one historian may view a ____ chain of events as improvement, while another may perceive it as a decline.

These are just a few of the ways historians may ____ narrative sense of history.

Prestige is a particular form of ____ that only humans recognize.

Most animals observe the advantages of dominance, such as being the most powerful or aggressive individual, and these are also important for humans: fearsome ____ are celebrated universally.

____ is almost the opposite.

Prestigious individuals are ones worthy of learning from — they are experts, ____ people.

And if someone has prestige in one field, they become high-status individuals and their ____ won't be limited to their field; we are likely to copy all their decisions.

Indeed, ____ may have evolved as a way to enhance the benefits of cultural transmission.

Success in one area of life affords someone the status of general opinion ____.

We want to learn from ____ individuals, or even simply be associated with them in some way, so that their reputation rubs off on us.

That's ____ a golfing hero can sell you a watch.

Emotions can be used to refer to the unconscious, neurobiological response, while feelings are the ____ assignments we make to those emotions.

This is undoubtedly a much more complicated ____ and there is a great degree of highly detailed information explaining the interworking of these two.

However, the most noteworthy application of the distinction between emotion and feeling is that human beings have some ability to cognitively assign, that is, to think about and ____ a decision about, just what a given emotion we experience might mean.

This can be more easily ____ when thinking about a more concrete exemplar: ancient war drums.

Most would agree that hearing a beating war drum ____ not lead one to pick a side in a given conflict.

A beating war drum merely ____ one march more energetically on whichever side was chosen to begin with.

The ____ experience set off by the auditory sensation of the drums causes one to "feel" more energy toward a given end and step more quickly.

Perhaps Shakespeare knew something of this when he wrote ____ words, "follow thy drum ...".

The key to ____ the agricultural potential of Mesopotamia lay in irrigation.

Early Mesopotamians, particularly the Sumerians, were ____ in developing sophisticated irrigation techniques.

They constructed canals, dikes, and reservoirs to control the flow of the rivers, diverting water to their fields ____ dry periods and protecting their settlements from floods.

This monumental effort required cooperation and organization on a scale previously unseen, leading to the development of complex social structures and the ____ of powerful city-states.

Early irrigation was relatively small-scale, involving the digging of simple channels to divert ____ to nearby fields.

Over time, these systems became more ____, with complex networks of canals spanning vast distances.

The construction and maintenance of these systems required a significant labor force, which was often organized and directed by temple ____ or powerful leaders.

This centralized control over ____ resources provided a basis for political power and social hierarchy.

If culture finds its metaphorical ____ in agriculture, civilization finds it in exchange.

When our ____ is connected to other societies, we are connected to other people, and we can suddenly compare things and judge them in relation to each other.

As a result, we have a choice between better and ____ options; we can pick the new and the never-before-tried.

Such choices broaden our ____ and improve our lives.

This is why civilization depends on the unencumbered circulation of goods, ____, ideas, faiths, and ways of life.

The consequences of such interaction may be unsettling, but they can ____ be liberating.

We no longer have to be confined to, and carry the burden of, our culture, and we no longer have to be ____ we are.

Civilization provides us with a means of ____.

Or, ____ put, exchange is the enemy of culture.

When ____ with alternatives, we give up our old ways.

We no longer do the ____ we used to do and we are no longer quite the same people as before.

This is how civilization undermines and ____ culture.

Science and democracy ____ important principles and ideals that oppose illegitimate claims for knowledge and power.

The authority of both scientific ____ and democratic governance is legitimated by representation.

It is only when this representation is accepted as legitimate that it can support the ____ of the knowledge claims made, or the authority of particular forms of governance.

Representation is, however, never perfect or ____.

Since both scientific practices and democratic governance, in principle, admit ____ alternative representations, continuous struggles over what is represented and what is not can be foreseen.

To represent means to simplify, which implies the ____ of alternatives — alternative ways of simplifying complicated issues.

This further means that both science and democracy have inbuilt mechanisms for ____, which are based on critical assessments of existing representations.

Differences in geology and climate make soils in different regions more or less capable of sustained ____.

In particular, the abundant rainfall and high weathering rates on the gentle slopes of many tropical landscapes mean that after enough time, rainfall seeping into the ground ____ out almost all of the nutrients from both the soil and the weathered rocks beneath the soil.

Once this happens, the lush vegetation ____ feeds on itself, retaining and recycling nutrients inherited from rocks weathered long ago.

As most of the nutrients in these areas reside not in the soil but in the plants themselves, once the native vegetation disappears, so does the productive capacity of the ____.

Often too few nutrients remain to support either crops or ____ within decades of deforestation.

Nutrient-poor tropical soils illustrate the general rule that ____ depends on recycling past life.

Knowledge is ____.

And one way to measure the amount of trust on a team is by looking at how much information people keep to themselves (low ____) or share openly (high trust).

Team leaders signal that they trust their ____ when they share privileged information with them.

This could be sharing the team's finances, or the budget handed down from higher-ups, so that the whole team knows what ____ working with and where the priorities are.

It could also be competitive data or customer trends that are widely available but ____ shared.

It could even be ____ on information shared by another team.

In a meeting, any time someone ____, "This stays here," the atmosphere changes.

People know whatever follows is spoken in trust, and they ____ to that feeling of being trusted with trustworthy behavior.

People begin to feel like they're in the ____ circle when they receive more information about their work or the environment than they usually do.

They start to see how their work fits ____ the larger organizational whole.