2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you go to the store to buy a gallon of ____, you probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you did, they would expect you to show up at a spigot with a jug you ____ fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the ____ from which the milk comes are all part of the product.

Consumers may say they want (or need) milk but providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is ____ that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the ____ of what consumers of the milk truly want.

In this example, we refer to milk as the core ____, but not the entire product.

The default mode network (DMN) is ____ neural network.

It is located in both the prefrontal and parietal ____ in the brain.

This network of interconnected brain regions is active when you are ____ focused on the outside world but rather focused internally.

It is who you are ____ untouched by stimuli.

This is the place where memories, a collection of events and knowledge about ____, are housed.

____ known to be the home of mind wandering, dreams, and daydreaming.

It helps you ____ what you need to remember, and what you need to forget.

It aids in envisioning your ____.

It’s a catalyst for wondering, and it’s ____ the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit goal.

When you’re ____ art, how you choose to express yourself comes in part from this network.

The DMN is a filter for what you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or ____, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of us.

Though ____ can be great advantages attached to radical designing, there are also often new kinds of risks that arise.

One ____ example is the introduction of the jet engine.

Not very long ____ the jet engine had been introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at much higher altitudes than previous aircraft had ____.

This ____ that cabins had to be pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were subjected to greater stresses than ____.

That, in turn, led to metal fatigue and ultimately to ____.

What this proves is that existing ____ designed to safeguard certain moral values — in this case safety — cannot be automatically transferred to radical designs.

When choosing between normal and radical designs there are also, therefore, ____ considerations alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to predictions of a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid ____ that extreme levels of exercise are either harmful or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite athletes, especially those who do endurance sports, live longer and ____ less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes ____ the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have higher or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even larger analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the ____ recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not have significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to support a ____ that is unhealthy and threatened from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot halt the damaging factors and the ____ of resources resulting from the unnatural environment of our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a soda, filter your water, turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you ____ eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its disposal: it will recruit more immune cells, send out ____ inflammatory signals, and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the ____ don’t resolve, because the damaging environmental inputs never resolve.

This is the ____ of chronic inflammation.

____ culture provides its members with a series of lessons.

Among the lessons learned are how to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when ____ as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By instructing its members, culture ____ behavior and communication, showing members how to act, think, talk, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous in every aspect of our lives. ____ influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It is in the food we eat, the music we ____ to, the art we appreciate, the games we play, and the friends we make.

It is our entire social ____ with the world that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in turn, we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses a challenge to corporate social ____ because damage to ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to business activity.

Further, a ____ degree of stakeholder engagement and local responsiveness is required to address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on the environment such as the loss of marine life from an oil ____.

Corporate ____ is evident in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the environmental ____ of business activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global scale.

Biodiversity loss that occurs through the global spread of invasive species provides ____ an example.

____ are likely to be sceptical of their indirect impact on the environment and to demand sufficient scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof is ____ placed on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often goes unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there ____ be little accountability for environmental damage that accrues while sufficient evidence is gathered.

When children explain why improbable events could not occur in ____ life, their justifications are similar to those provided for impossible events.

They claim a person couldn’t own a lion for a pet because it might bite you or because ____ could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not searching for principled, lawlike reasons ____ the event cannot occur.

If they did, they would ____ that no such reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and ____ on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a lot of noise, and so forth.

____ are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it would be impossible, and children must learn to distinguish the two.

Indeed, as ____ begin to distinguish improbable events from impossible ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a reason why an ____ is impossible may yield the realization that it’s possible after all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment to answer the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other ____ look up too?”

She found a ____ association between her looking up and other pedestrians’ looking up.

Does this association reflect a ____ effect?

Well, by definition of a randomized experiment, confounding bias is not expected in this ____.

However, there was another potential problem: The analysis included only ____ pedestrians that, after having been part of the experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to ____ up anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who felt tricked) were less likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of whom the investigator looked up (a reason to decline participation) are less likely to be shy (an additional ____ to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ looking up, regardless of whether ____ looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and of ____ human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a purely objective manner, but always do so ____ the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad sense, ____ is not necessarily bad.

Yet, under certain conditions, bias can be ____ or lead to discrimination.

AI systems are developed by human beings, and fed ____ collected and shaped by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their ____ also reflect the individual and societal biases of their creators and users for better or worse.

It is thus crucial to address this risk, even if unjust bias in machines is not always easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through ____ protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias ____ always harmful when it comes to understanding the world, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of the self involve volition: ____ choices and decisions, taking responsibility, initiating and inhibiting behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self exerts ____ over itself and over the external world.

To be ____, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent work has shown that a great deal of human behavior is influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some ____ involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that portion may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, predictable responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could ____ afford to ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably driven straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as by building cars without steering wheels) would seriously compromise the car’s ability to reach most ____.

By the same token, the relatively few active, ____ choices by the self greatly increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

And if ____ few “steering” choices by the self are important, then so is whatever internal structure of the self is responsible for it.