2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you ____ to the store to buy a gallon of milk, you probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you did, they would expect you to show up ____ a spigot with a jug you could fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows ____ which the milk comes are all part of the product.

Consumers may say they want (or need) milk ____ providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details of what consumers of the milk truly ____

In this example, we refer to milk as the core product, but not the entire ____

____ default mode network (DMN) is one neural network.

It is located ____ both the prefrontal and parietal lobes in the brain.

This network of ____ brain regions is active when you are not focused on the outside world but rather focused internally.

____ is who you are when untouched by stimuli.

This is the place where memories, a collection of events and knowledge about yourself, ____ housed.

It’s known to ____ the home of mind wandering, dreams, and daydreaming.

It helps ____ optimize what you need to remember, and what you need to forget.

It aids ____ envisioning your future.

It’s a catalyst for wondering, and it’s also the place where you think about things that don’t have an ____ goal.

When you’re making art, how you choose to express yourself comes in part from ____ network.

The DMN is a filter for what you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful ____ not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of us.

Though there can be great advantages attached to radical designing, ____ are also often new kinds of risks that arise.

One such example is the introduction ____ the jet engine.

Not very long after the jet engine had been introduced to the world of ____ aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered ____ flew at much higher altitudes than previous aircraft had done.

This meant that cabins had ____ be pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were ____ to greater stresses than before.

That, in turn, led ____ metal fatigue and ultimately to disaster.

What this proves is that existing frameworks designed to safeguard certain moral values — in this case ____ — cannot be automatically transferred to radical designs.

When choosing between normal and radical designs ____ are also, therefore, moral considerations alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to predictions of a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence that extreme levels of exercise are either harmful or ____ healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite athletes, especially those who do endurance sports, live ____ and require less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes than the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the ____ dose exercisers did not have higher or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even larger analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the standard recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not have significantly higher rates of ____ than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to support a cell that is ____ and threatened from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot halt ____ damaging factors and the lack of resources resulting from the unnatural environment of our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a ____ filter your water, turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its disposal: it will recruit more immune cells, send ____ more inflammatory signals, and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the problems ____ resolve, because the damaging environmental inputs never resolve.

This is the ____ of chronic inflammation.

Every culture provides its members with a series ____ lessons.

Among the lessons learned are how to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or ____ where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By instructing its ____ culture guides behavior and communication, showing members how to act, think, talk, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous in every ____ of our lives. Its influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It is in the food we eat, the music we listen to, ____ art we appreciate, the games we play, and the friends we make.

It is our entire social interaction with the ____ that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in turn, we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses a challenge to corporate social responsibility because damage to ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to ____ activity.

Further, a high degree of stakeholder engagement and local responsiveness is required ____ address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business ____ the environment such as the loss of marine life from an oil spill.

Corporate responsibility is ____ in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the ____ impact of business activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global scale.

Biodiversity loss that occurs through the global spread of invasive ____ provides such an example.

Companies are likely to be sceptical of their indirect impact on the environment and ____ demand sufficient scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As ____ result, the burden of proof is generally placed on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often goes unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little accountability for environmental damage that accrues while sufficient evidence is ____

____ children explain why improbable events could not occur in real life, their justifications are similar to those provided for impossible events.

They ____ a person couldn’t own a lion for a pet because it might bite you or because you could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not searching ____ principled, lawlike reasons why the event cannot occur.

____ they did, they would realize that no such reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too ____ they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a lot of noise, and so forth.

These are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it would be impossible, and children must learn to distinguish the ____

Indeed, as ____ begin to distinguish improbable events from impossible ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a reason why an event is ____ may yield the realization that it’s possible after all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment ____ answer the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other pedestrians look up too?”

She found a strong association between her ____ up and other pedestrians’ looking up.

Does this association reflect ____ causal effect?

Well, by definition of a randomized experiment, confounding bias is not expected ____ this study.

However, there was another potential problem: The analysis included only those pedestrians that, after having been ____ of the experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to look up anyway) and ____ in front of whom the investigator looked up (who felt tricked) were less likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of whom the investigator looked up (a reason to decline participation) are ____ likely to be shy (an additional reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ ____ up, regardless of whether one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society ____ of how human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a purely objective manner, but always do ____ through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad sense, bias is ____ necessarily bad.

Yet, under certain ____ bias can be unfair or lead to discrimination.

AI systems are developed by human ____ and fed data collected and shaped by human beings.

It ____ hence no surprise that their decisions also reflect the individual and societal biases of their creators and users for better or worse.

It is thus crucial to address this risk, even if unjust bias in machines is not ____ easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias isn’t always harmful ____ it comes to understanding the world, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of the self involve volition: making choices ____ decisions, taking responsibility, initiating and inhibiting behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

____ self exerts control over itself and over the external world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent work has shown that a great deal of human behavior ____ influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some portion involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that ____ may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, predictable responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not afford ____ ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably driven straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such ____ by building cars without steering wheels) would seriously compromise the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the same token, the relatively few ____ controlling choices by the self greatly increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

And if those few “steering” choices by the self are important, then so is whatever internal ____ of the self is responsible for it.