2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you go to the store to buy a gallon of milk, you probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, ____ is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you did, they would expect you to show up at a spigot ____ a jug you could fill with milk.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration date, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows from ____ the milk comes are all part of the product.

Consumers may say they ____ (or need) milk but providing a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details ____ what consumers of the milk truly want.

In ____ example, we refer to milk as the core product, but not the entire product.

The default mode network (DMN) is one ____ network.

It is located in both the ____ and parietal lobes in the brain.

This network of interconnected brain regions is active when you are not focused on the outside ____ but rather focused internally.

It is who you ____ when untouched by stimuli.

This ____ the place where memories, a collection of events and knowledge about yourself, are housed.

It’s known to be ____ home of mind wandering, dreams, and daydreaming.

It helps you optimize what you need to remember, and what you need to ____

It aids ____ envisioning your future.

It’s a catalyst for wondering, ____ it’s also the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit goal.

When ____ making art, how you choose to express yourself comes in part from this network.

The DMN is a ____ for what you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of us.

Though there can be great advantages attached to radical designing, there are ____ often new kinds of risks that arise.

One such example is the ____ of the jet engine.

Not very long after the jet engine had been introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet ____ crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines themselves as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at much higher altitudes than ____ aircraft had done.

This meant that cabins ____ to be pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were subjected to ____ stresses than before.

That, in turn, led to metal fatigue and ____ to disaster.

What this proves is that existing frameworks designed to safeguard certain moral values — in this case ____ — cannot be automatically transferred to radical designs.

When choosing between normal and radical ____ there are also, therefore, moral considerations alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to predictions of ____ U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence that extreme levels of exercise are either harmful or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite athletes, especially ____ who do endurance sports, live longer and require less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes than ____ rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have higher or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even larger analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the standard recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not have significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five ____ ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to support a cell ____ is unhealthy and threatened from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot halt the damaging factors and the lack of resources resulting from the ____ environment of our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a soda, filter your ____ turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep earlier.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its ____ it will recruit more immune cells, send out more inflammatory signals, and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the ____ don’t resolve, because the damaging environmental inputs never resolve.

This is the root of chronic ____

Every ____ provides its members with a series of lessons.

Among the lessons learned are how to say “hello” and “goodbye,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness ____ rage.

By instructing its members, culture guides behavior and communication, showing members ____ to act, think, talk, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous ____ every aspect of our lives. Its influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and rites and rituals.

It is in the food we eat, the music we listen to, the ____ we appreciate, the games we play, and the friends we make.

It is our entire social interaction with the world that shapes the cultural being ____ are, and which in turn, we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses ____ challenge to corporate social responsibility because damage to ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to business activity.

Further, a high degree of stakeholder engagement and local responsiveness ____ required to address biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on ____ environment such as the loss of marine life from an oil spill.

Corporate responsibility ____ evident in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when ____ environmental impact of business activity has low visibility and is diffused on a global scale.

Biodiversity ____ that occurs through the global spread of invasive species provides such an example.

Companies are likely to be sceptical ____ their indirect impact on the environment and to demand sufficient scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof is generally placed on the scientific community ____ that environmental degradation such as biodiversity loss often goes unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of ____ or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little accountability for environmental damage that accrues while sufficient evidence is gathered.

When children explain why improbable events could not occur in real life, their justifications are ____ to those provided for impossible events.

____ claim a person couldn’t own a lion for a pet because it might bite you or because you could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not searching ____ principled, lawlike reasons why the event cannot occur.

If they did, they would realize that no ____ reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they ____ a lot of noise, and so forth.

These are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it would be impossible, and children must learn to ____ the two.

Indeed, as children begin to distinguish improbable ____ from impossible ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a reason why an event is impossible may yield the realization ____ it’s possible after all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment to answer the causal question “Does ____ looking up to the sky make other pedestrians look up too?”

She found a strong association between her looking up and ____ pedestrians’ looking up.

Does ____ association reflect a causal effect?

Well, ____ definition of a randomized experiment, confounding bias is not expected in this study.

However, there was another potential problem: The analysis included only those pedestrians that, after having been part of ____ experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (those less likely to look up anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who felt tricked) were less ____ to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of whom the investigator looked up (a reason to decline ____ are less likely to be shy (an additional reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of individuals into the analysis guarantees ____ one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ looking up, regardless of whether one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and ____ how human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a ____ objective manner, but always do so through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, cultural exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad ____ bias is not necessarily bad.

Yet, under certain conditions, bias can be unfair ____ lead to discrimination.

AI systems are ____ by human beings, and fed data collected and shaped by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their decisions also reflect the individual and societal biases of their creators and users for ____ or worse.

It is thus crucial to address this risk, even if unjust bias in machines is not always easily perceptible ____ in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected criteria such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

____ isn’t always harmful when it comes to understanding the world, but AI systems mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

Many crucial functions of ____ self involve volition: making choices and decisions, taking responsibility, initiating and inhibiting behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self ____ control over itself and over the external world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, ____ fact, recent work has shown that a great deal of human behavior is influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some portion involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that portion may ____ disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted ____ lawful, predictable responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not afford to ignore the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably ____ straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as by building cars without steering wheels) would seriously compromise the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the same token, the relatively few active, controlling choices by the self ____ increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

And if those few “steering” choices by the self are important, then so is ____ internal structure of the self is responsible for it.