2026 수능완성 실전모의고사 1회 변형 (31-42번)

If you go to the ____ to buy a gallon of milk, you probably think of milk as the product, and in many ways, it is.

But if the producer of that milk thought as you did, they would expect you to show up at a spigot with a jug you could fill with ____.

But, in fact, that gallon of milk, the bottle it comes in, the labeling on the bottle, the placement of the bottle on the shelf, the expiration ____, the additives or lack thereof, the preservatives or lack thereof, and even the care of the cows from which the milk comes are all part of the product.

Consumers may say they want (or need) milk but ____ a spigot that delivers milk does not actually satisfy most consumers, because what they really want is milk that is convenient to get from store to home.

All the other pieces of the product such as labeling, expiration, and even ingredients also speak to the details of what consumers of the milk truly ____.

In this example, we refer to milk as the core product, but not the ____ product.

The default ____ network (DMN) is one neural network.

It is located in ____ the prefrontal and parietal lobes in the brain.

This network of interconnected ____ regions is active when you are not focused on the outside world but rather focused internally.

It is who you are when ____ by stimuli.

This is the place where memories, a collection of ____ and knowledge about yourself, are housed.

It’s known to be the home of mind ____, dreams, and daydreaming.

It helps you optimize what you ____ to remember, and what you need to forget.

It aids in envisioning your ____.

It’s a catalyst for wondering, and it’s ____ the place where you think about things that don’t have an explicit goal.

When ____ making art, how you choose to express yourself comes in part from this network.

The DMN is a filter for ____ you think is beautiful or not beautiful, memorable or not, meaningful or not, and it’s what helps to make the arts and aesthetics a very personal experience for each of us.

Though there can be great advantages attached to radical designing, there are also often new ____ of risks that arise.

One such example is the ____ of the jet engine.

Not very long after the jet engine ____ been introduced to the world of civil aviation, two such aeroplanes — with the rather unfortunate name Havilland Comet — crashed.

The problem did not so much reside in the engines ____ as in the fact that jet-powered planes flew at much higher altitudes than previous aircraft had done.

This meant that cabins ____ to be pressurised to make flying comfortable for the passengers.

As a result, some points of the fuselage were ____ to greater stresses than before.

That, in ____, led to metal fatigue and ultimately to disaster.

What this proves is that existing frameworks designed to safeguard ____ moral values — in this case safety — cannot be automatically transferred to radical designs.

When choosing between normal and radical designs there are also, therefore, moral ____ alongside the technical considerations.

Contrary to ____ of a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and mortality, there is little solid evidence that extreme levels of exercise are either harmful or additionally healthy.

A number of studies have found that elite ____, especially those who do endurance sports, live longer and require less medical care than nonathletes.

In case you are worried that athletes might have better genes than the rest of us, thus protecting them from the rigors of extreme exercise, a study that followed nearly 22,000 ordinary nonathletes for fifteen years found that the highest dose exercisers did not have ____ or lower rates of death including by heart disease than those who exercised moderately.

An even larger analysis of more than 600,000 individuals found that extremists who exercised more than ten times the standard recommended dose of 150 minutes per week did not ____ significantly higher rates of death than those who exercised between five and ten times the standard dose.

A mighty immune cell trying to support a cell that is unhealthy and ____ from its mitochondrial dysfunction is made completely ineffective.

The immune cell cannot halt the damaging factors and the lack of ____ resulting from the unnatural environment of our modern industrial world.

An immune cell can’t stop you from drinking a soda, filter your water, turn off the stress-inducing notifications on your phone, prevent you from eating hormone-disrupting pesticides and microplastics, or get you to go to sleep ____.

So the immune cell will use the tools at its disposal: it will recruit more immune cells, send out more ____ signals, and just keep fighting until things resolve.

But the problems don’t ____, because the damaging environmental inputs never resolve.

This is the root of chronic ____.

____ culture provides its members with a series of lessons.

Among the lessons learned are how to say “hello” and “____,” when to speak or remain silent, how to act when angry or upset, where to focus the eyes when functioning as a source or message encoder and receiver or message decoder, how much to gesture, how close to stand to another, and how to display emotions such as happiness or rage.

By instructing its members, culture guides behavior and communication, ____ members how to act, think, talk, and listen.

In effect, culture is ubiquitous in every aspect of our lives. Its influence passes from our family, friends, schooling, traditional and social media, and ____ and rituals.

It is in the food we eat, the music we ____ to, the art we appreciate, the games we play, and the friends we make.

It is our entire social interaction with the world that shapes the cultural being we are, and which in ____, we also will pass on.

Biodiversity protection poses a ____ to corporate social responsibility because damage to ecosystems is poorly understood, often lacks visibility, and generally has indirect linkages to business activity.

Further, a high degree of stakeholder engagement and local responsiveness is required to ____ biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss can, of course, be visible and result from direct effects of business on the environment such as the loss of ____ life from an oil spill.

Corporate responsibility is ____ in such a case.

Responsibility is more difficult to identify when the environmental impact of business activity has low visibility and is ____ on a global scale.

Biodiversity ____ that occurs through the global spread of invasive species provides such an example.

Companies are ____ to be sceptical of their indirect impact on the environment and to demand sufficient scientific evidence before acknowledging responsibility.

As a result, the burden of proof is generally placed on the scientific community so that environmental degradation such as ____ loss often goes unrecognized as a responsibility of firms.

In the absence of legislation or other enforceable means to influence firm behaviour, there may be little accountability for environmental damage that ____ while sufficient evidence is gathered.

When children explain why improbable events could not occur in real life, their justifications are similar to those provided for ____ events.

They claim a person couldn’t own a lion for a pet because it might ____ you or because you could own a cat instead.

These justifications imply that children are not searching for principled, lawlike reasons why the ____ cannot occur.

If they did, they would ____ that no such reasons exist.

Instead, they attempt to imagine how the event might occur, given what they know about lions and pets, and report on the mental roadblocks that pop into mind: lions are too big, they live far away, they eat other animals, they need a lot of space, they make a ____ of noise, and so forth.

These are reasons why owning a lion would be difficult but not reasons why it would be ____, and children must learn to distinguish the two.

Indeed, as children begin to distinguish improbable events from ____ ones, they also begin to provide better justifications for their judgments.

Searching for a reason why an event is impossible ____ yield the realization that it’s possible after all.

Suppose an investigator conducted a randomized experiment to answer the causal question “Does one’s looking up to the sky make other ____ look up too?”

She ____ a strong association between her looking up and other pedestrians’ looking up.

Does this association reflect a ____ effect?

Well, by definition of a randomized experiment, confounding bias is ____ expected in this study.

However, there was another potential problem: The analysis included only those pedestrians that, after having been ____ of the experiment, gave consent for their data to be used.

Shy pedestrians (____ less likely to look up anyway) and pedestrians in front of whom the investigator looked up (who felt tricked) were less likely to participate.

Thus participating individuals in front of whom the investigator looked up (a reason to decline participation) are less likely to be shy (an ____ reason to decline participation) and therefore more likely to look up.

That is, the process of selection of ____ into the analysis guarantees that one’s looking up is associated with other pedestrians’ looking up, regardless of whether one’s looking up actually makes others look up.

Bias — the inclination of prejudice towards or against a person, group, object, or position — is an inherent part of society and of ____ human beings operate.

As subjective individuals, we are unable to grasp anything we encounter in a purely objective ____, but always do so through the filter of our personal knowledge and experience.

This filter in turn constitutes a reflection of our upbringing, education, ____ exposure, personality, and numerous other traits. In this broad sense, bias is not necessarily bad.

Yet, under certain conditions, ____ can be unfair or lead to discrimination.

AI systems are developed by human beings, and fed data collected and ____ by human beings.

It is hence no surprise that their decisions ____ reflect the individual and societal biases of their creators and users for better or worse.

It is thus crucial to address this risk, even if unjust bias in machines is not always easily perceptible — in particular if it slips in through proxies rather than through legally protected ____ such as gender, age, or ethnicity.

Bias isn’t always harmful when it comes to understanding the world, but AI ____ mirror the biases of their human developers, requiring our careful attention to prevent unfair or discriminatory results.

____ crucial functions of the self involve volition: making choices and decisions, taking responsibility, initiating and inhibiting behavior and making plans of action and carrying out those plans.

The self ____ control over itself and over the external world.

To be sure, not all human behavior involves planful or deliberate control by the self, and, in fact, recent work has shown that a ____ deal of human behavior is influenced by automatic or nonconscious processes.

But undoubtedly some ____ involves deliberate, conscious, controlled responses by the self, and that portion may be disproportionately important to the long-term health, happiness, and success of the individual.

Even if it were shown that 95% of behavior consisted of lawful, predictable responses to situational stimuli by automatic processes, psychology could not afford to ____ the remaining 5%.

As an analogy, cars are probably driven straight ahead at least 95% of the time, but ignoring the other 5% (such as by building cars without steering wheels) would seriously ____ the car’s ability to reach most destinations.

By the ____ token, the relatively few active, controlling choices by the self greatly increase the self’s chances of achieving its goals.

And if those few “steering” choices by the self are ____, then so is whatever internal structure of the self is responsible for it.