5강 어법
기출 Practice 친밀도의 변화에 따른 감정 강도 조절
Changes in the degree of closeness ____ quite important in managing emotional intensity.
Take, for example, emotions ____ by television.
Closeness and familiarity are important in making the fictional environment more ____
Accordingly, most TV shows are set in the ____ or in a time within the memory of the viewers.
Most characters are supposed to be ____ with whom we are familiar.
Such closeness and familiarity make ____ easier for us to perceive the imaginary story to be a real one.
In other circumstances, such as when violence is shown on TV, the closeness variable is used to ____ emotional intensity.
____ entertainment tends to place social problems involving violence in another time and place, letting us watch those fictionalized characters search for solutions to our problems in settings safely distanced from our own.
When violence occurs in a contemporary setting, it is ____ the product of the interaction of police and criminals — again, it is removed from the lives of good citizenry.
1 기후 변화의 영향 판단
Climate change will affect different ____ of the world differently.
For people at high latitudes, small amounts of climate change may be beneficial by reducing the amount of ____ people require to heat their homes in the winter and lengthening growing seasons for farmers, while for people in the tropics, the same climate changes could bring disease, crop failure, and deadly heat waves.
For instance, Rita Colwell, the former director of the US National Science Foundation, and her colleagues discovered that they could predict cholera outbreaks in tropical countries by observing increases in the ____ and the sea level of tropical oceans.
Even within a single city, such as Chicago, people may disagree about whether the benefits of milder winters outweigh the risks of severe summer heat ____
Balancing the benefits to some people against the harms to others is not a scientific problem with a correct answer that can be determined ____ the scientific method; it is an ethical and policy question best left to the policy process, which includes important participation by public and private organizations.
2 개념 크리프
The Australian social psychologist Nick Haslam coined the term "concept creep" to describe how harm-related concepts — including abuse, addiction, mental illness, trauma, ____ and prejudice — have crept to encompass broader meanings.
Historically, the definition of each of these words was relatively tight, referring to a small set of severe harms, but over time ____ definitions have expanded to include a greater set of less severe examples.
The concept of abuse was once understood to involve ____ physical assault, but now some consider it abusive to let your kid walk home alone.
The concept of addiction used to involve dependence on chemicals like alcohol or drugs, but has now expanded to include addictions to social media or ____
The concept of trauma once focused on directly experiencing or witnessing violence, like surviving a massacre, but has expanded to involve watching violent movies or even having your values ____
3 다중 언어 사용에 대한 잘못된 인식
In the past, it was often assumed that competence acquired in the first language (L1) was ____ different from that in a second language (L2) or any subsequent language.
This privileging of the "native language" led to many popular misconceptions, such as believing that children of bilingual parents would never ____ acquire either language, remaining somehow linguistically disadvantaged.
Such claims are due to the belief that monolingualism is the norm, and they are held by many in the United States ____ other countries where a single language is politically or socially dominant.
That this view must be wrong can easily be seen from the fact that many people in the world ____ speaking more than one language.
In fact, it is bilingualism or trilingualism rather than monolingualism, ____ is most common.
Even in supposedly monolingual nations like the United States, U.S. Census figures from 2014 showed that at least 20 percent of the population regularly spoke a language other than English, and 53 percent of ____ people also spoke English.
4 Derrida의 관점을 통해 본 이성의 한계와 허구성
From Descartes to ____ present, reason has been prized in Western culture, standing as the chief virtue of the modernist world-view.
As we are led to believe, it is the power to reason that sets humans above the remainder of the animal kingdom, and is essential ____ human survival.
____ study suggests otherwise.
Among the most important objections are ____ of the French literary theorist Jacques Derrida.
Derrida's writings, often identified as deconstructionist, are ambiguous and open to many ____
From one perspective, ____ they significantly undermine the cultural investment in human reason.
Consider ____ major premises.
First, suggests Derrida, rational arguments bring about a ____ suppression of meaning.
Broadly put, when we are convinced by a rational argument we do not know more, but ____
Second, if ____ examined, all rational arguments will collapse.
Rationality, then, is not ____ foundation for anything — for our institutions of government and science, for example, or as a way of deciding on what is moral or worthwhile.
Rather, Derrida ____ our 'good reasons' are in the end both suppressive and empty.
5 상대방의 진정성의 출처
The impression of authenticity about a person results from an evaluation by the perceiver that ____ information derived from that person can be used to take adaptive decisions.
Such information is available through two categories of indicators: cues ____ signals.
Cues are features of the environment that ____ not necessarily evolved for communication purposes but that nonetheless convey information.
In other words, a social cue is ____ opportunity for receivers to extract information about an individual, possibly with the aid of contextual indicators and some basic rules about the relationships between these indicators.
The second source of information ____ individuals is social signals.
Social signals are actions or structures that evolved as a ____ of their effect on other organisms.
Even though signals might not always contain information, or act ____ the benefit of the receiver, signaling is expected to be reliable whenever the costs of deceptive signals exceed the benefits of providing honest cues.