기출 Practice 큰바우어새의 짝짓기에서 나타나는 지각적 편향
We know that animals have evolved a variety of patterns to manipulate the perceptions of their predators to ____ themselves a modicum of safety.
Greater Bower ____ utilize perceptual biases in the mating domain.
Males construct a bower; its function is to provide an arena in which males display to females standing in an avenue that ____ up to the bower.
The males decorate the avenue with a variety of objects, such as ____ and shells.
But they do not do so in a chaotic ____.
The larger objects are placed closer to the bower and the smaller ____ farther away.
This creates a forced perspective the opposite of the Cinderella Castle; the ____ appears smaller than it actually is.
Endler and his colleagues suggested that the male courting in the bower now appears larger and thus ____ attractive to the female.
Data on male mating success collected in the ____ supports their hypothesis.
1 인간이 이성적 존재임을 보여 주는 증거
A strong indication that humans are reasoning beings is that they apply their moral ____ in flexible ways in particular situations or contexts.
People typically weigh and balance different considerations when ____ decisions and drawing conclusions within the parameters of situations.
The clearest example of findings in this regard comes ____ research on rights.
The evidence is clear that people in different cultures support individual rights in some situations and not ____.
The parameters of the situation ____ a role in how judgments are made as to whether rights should be upheld.
Other moral and social considerations are considered in relation to rights, and priorities are ____ as to which should take precedence.
The ____ point is that neither fixed attitudes nor the force of situations determines decisions.
People recognize the different moral and social components and ____ their relative merits.
2 사회 참여 감소
As Putnam discusses in Bowling Alone, there ____ been a notable decline in face-to-face social interactions, leading to an erosion of social capital.
Most famously, as ____ in his book's title, Putnam pointed to the decline in bowling leagues as a metaphor for social disengagement.
While more people were bowling than ever before, league bowling dropped by 40 percent ____ 1970 to 1993.
His research depicts a ____ that has lost many foundational opportunities for communal bonding, giving rise to an era marked by isolation and detachment.
He connected the dissolution of civic organizations like Lions Clubs and social groups like bowling leagues with the drop in social trust among Americans and warned of the negative impact it has on our ____ and collective lives.
He wrote, "The single most ____ finding from a half century's research on the correlates of life satisfaction, not only in the United States but around the world, is that happiness is best predicted by the breadth and depth of one's social connections."
3 목관 5중주단의 음악적 구조와 사회적 구조의 상관성
Ensembles with ____ structures may encounter different group dynamics.
For instance, Ford and Davidson studied members of 20 professional and semi-professional wind quintets in the United ____.
The technique and timbres of the instruments of the ____ quintet (which typically comprises a flute, oboe, clarinet, French horn, and bassoon) are more distinct than those of string quartets, and intragroup dynamics may be quite different from quartets due to the odd number of members.
Dynamics inherent in the ____ the music is scored afford greater opportunities for democracy within the group, such as more equality and interchangeability among musical parts (e.g., the flute is often assigned the melody, but sometimes also plays an inner part).
Unlike the more rigid string quartet, there is also more flexibility in ____ arrangements for wind quintets.
In ____, although the flute player was most frequently named as the leader, members of wind quintets were less likely to identify a clear leader than members of string quartets in Murnighan and Conlon's study.
____, Ford and Davidson noted that in most of the quintets, players 'took equal responsibility for leading the ensemble.'
The musical ____ and social structure of the group seem to reflect each other.
4 어려운 과제에 더 집중하는 아이들
Children will ____ with materials more purposefully, and for longer, when there is some ambiguity involved, and thus, something they are interested in figuring out.
In studies of toddlers and preschoolers, researchers have ____ that children spontaneously engage in more exploratory play, and use more strategies for testing evidence, with a toy designed to be difficult to figure out.
In one study, young children explored a lightbox that appeared to turn on and off when different ____ were placed on it.
In one ____, the same block always turned the box on or off.
In another, inconsistent results were included; for example, a block that had previously turned the box on ____ not the next time.
When faced with inconsistent and difficult-to-interpret results, children spent more time exploring the lightbox and were more likely to provide causal explanations (____ to understand why the objects did and did not turn on the lightbox).
Further, researchers found that when ____ proposed causal explanations, they tried out more strategies for testing their ideas.
5 맥락의 중요성
Context is crucial to the proper interpretation and understanding of linguistic utterances, and a careful thinker ought to keep in mind the possibility of drawing potentially ____ interpretations from a passage if no attention is given to possible differences in context, intention, vocal emphasis, and punctuation.
In fact, we should ____ in mind that even the literal truth can sometimes be used to deceive or mislead.
In explaining some of the differences between British and American conceptions of justice, for instance, Tom Cowan tells the story of a sea captain confronted with the question of what to do about a mate whose love for the bottle was getting ____ of control.
At last, after one too many mishaps, the captain had no choice but to state on the ____ log: "The mate was drunk today."
The mate wasn't too pleased with this turn of events, and so on a day when it was his turn to write on the ship's ____, he took his revenge and recorded on the log: "The captain was sober today!"