2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 12강
1 영토의 중요성
Must societies ‘reproduce’ ____ territory?
____ the one hand, history is full of territorial conflicts; a social system that has its territory removed is doomed to fail.
What role does the territory play in the metabolic ____ of the social system’s population?
Of key significance is the fact that territory offers the population a legitimate physical ‘common living space’, that is, it serves as a ‘repository for humans and their ____
This ____ function’ provides the opportunity to participate in the consumption of the so-called ‘free goods’, the ecosystem services within the territory (for example, clean air and water).
In most cases, however, it means more than this. The state is in some sense answerable to the ‘common good’ and thus to ensuring conditions supporting ____ reproduction of its human subjects.
In any case, ____ least within its territory, it must ensure that their metabolic reproduction is possible.
The territory is therefore meaningful in containing natural resources which ____ processes can appropriate.
It also provides an outlet for the depositing of waste products from these processes, and it is a source of various non-provisioning ____ services.
2 직원 보호를 위한 물리적 장벽의 필요성과 문제점
There are some situations where physical barriers are both sensible and necessary for the protection of the ____
There are classic examples of ____ within the prison service and of how arrangements can be made for the safety of visitors.
But ____ reception areas for public services have, from time to time, employed security screens in the hope of discouraging violence or abusive behaviour and for the protection of staff.
These ____ not always worked, however, and have sometimes given the message that violent behaviour is being expected.
Some people find such screens ____ be so impersonal that they provoke a suspicious, even aggressive, response.
They much prefer to create an open, warm and ____ environment that respects the individual and encourages them in turn to behave respectfully towards the worker.
It is also possible that screens can put confidentiality at ____ if people feel that they have to speak more loudly in order to make themselves heard.
Screens in GP surgeries ____ good examples of this.
3 암호 해독과 설명의 차이
Decoding is a verbal activity that regards its object as a set ____ signals; each signal carries a specific meaning determined by a code.
The ____ of decoding may be verbal or nonverbal.
The nonverbal object, however, becomes in the process of decoding analogous to verbal objects, that is, it is viewed ____ a set of signals.
Decoding an enemy’s message begins ____ the belief that the apparently random signals conceal a coherent meaning.
As is the case ____ explanation, decoding aims to unify disparate facts.
While explanation ____ the particular covered by a general law, decoding substitutes one element with another in accordance with a rule that may be individual to the particular case:
the enemy’s second ____ may or may not be written in the same code as the first.
The decoder cannot rely ____ seemingly similar cases to provide the right code — the apparent similarity may be misleading.
By contrast, similar cases must ____ similarly explained, because explanations assume general, coherent rules common to all relevant cases.
Decoding is the process of ____ signals, often requiring specific rules to particular cases, in contrast to explanation which relies on consistent rules across similar cases.
4 이산화 탄소와 산소의 반대 작용
Carbon dioxide is a powerful regulator of breathing (it acts on a different set of ____ found in the brain) and if its concentration in the blood falls, breathing is inhibited.
____ is possible to demonstrate this for yourself. You will find you are able to hold your breath for longer if you breathe very rapidly for a short time beforehand.
(Do not do this for more than a ____ or you may become dizzy.)
The reason is that breath-holding is ____ not by the demand for oxygen but rather by the falling carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
When this reaches a critical level it stimulates you ____ take a breath.
Hyperventilation before holding your breath blows off carbon dioxide from the body and enables a longer period to go by before carbon ____ builds up to a level sufficient to stimulate breathing.
The opposing drives from oxygen and carbon dioxide explain why no change in breathing occurs at altitudes ____ less than 3000 metres.
5-6 교육 분야에서 권력을 행사하는 정책
It is perhaps self-evident that the outworking of policy is ____ in the exercise of power if it compels individuals to behave in a way which they would not have chosen to do.
Policy can be used to ____ power relationships, but it can also allow for depersonalisation of power and decision-making:
a leader could imply that while they don’t really agree ____ a particular course of action, the policy dictates it and therefore it must be done.
In the same ____ policy can act as the source of authority such that hierarchy is unnecessary:
a group of individuals may resort to policy to guide their decision-making when there is ____ established authority figure to set their direction.
Ultimately ____ who define policy exert power over those who follow policy and, in education at least, it is rare that policy is determined collectively:
at best, leaders are ____ democratically so that they may set policy for the electorate.
There is therefore ____ inevitable reliance on a political elite, and a consequent hierarchy of power.
A frequently seen example of policy as power in schools ____ uniform.
It is ____ the ‘governing board’ of a school to determine if it has a uniform, and if so what it is, but parents and children have a duty to comply, and school staff have a duty to enforce it.
Countless children will have discovered that they cannot appeal to the logic that inadequate uniform does not affect their learning, and nor can they resort to any ____ to plead their case, for the power rests within the policy itself:
it is sufficient to say that you have to wear ____ uniforms because that is what the policy says.