2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines ____ aided the scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the next step, and help us ____ identify promising new discoveries and technologies?

If so, ____ could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans ____ still responsible for forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if ____ machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like a plot from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already ____

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system made a new scientific discovery ____ virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems ____ upon how we value people and the environment.

For example, ____ we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, consider flooding of ____ urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

____ study of rivers and their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose to ____ the stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the ____ that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing ____ for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise is ____ is kind of obvious.

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last ____ thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports ____ wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But ____ all exercise in the ancient world was combat related.

If you were wealthy enough ____ attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, ____ Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This ____ is not just Western.

Confucius and ____ prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one ____ find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past ____ the present.

Some ____ see time in much the same way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), ____ they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the ____

There is a direct and almost physical connection between past ____ future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern ____ or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, ____ both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health ____ — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused ____ exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer ____ adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already tried several times to make ____ change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering ____ behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined ____ (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered ____ not taught.

Psychological studies have found that the natural creativity of children often declines after ____ couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring ____ deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations ____ previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking ____ needed, the fundamental principle of which is that any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There ____ just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking ____ significant leaps.

The individual steps involved in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate ____ solves the problem.

Instead of constantly evaluating and accepting that ____ appears to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point has been reached, it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the ____ point.

Once that has been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very ____

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a bridge ____ scaffolding that is torn down once construction has been completed.

The various parts ____ the bridge do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the project.

But ____ the keystone has been laid, the entire structure must be self-supporting.