2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

Machines have aided the scientific ____ for decades.

____ they be able to take the next step, and help us automatically identify promising new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically ____ the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to sequence genomes.

But, humans ____ still responsible for forming hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could ____ responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human intervention?

The idea may sound like ____ plot from a futuristic sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic ____ made a new scientific discovery with virtually no human intellectual input.

____ we choose to solve environmental problems depend upon how we value people and the environment.

____ example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce human population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, ____ flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced by many communities.

The study of rivers ____ their natural processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose to place the stream in a concrete box ____ a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to restore our ____ streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident ____ migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when interacting with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise ____ modern, is kind of obvious.

Early farmers had ____ toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, to prepare for fighting.

Ancient texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and ____ throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all exercise in ____ ancient world was combat related.

If you were wealthy enough to attend one ____ the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised to exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like ____ Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not only one’s mind but also one’s body.

This idea is ____ just Western.

Confucius and other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical ____ mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really ____ and, if it does, where one could find it.

Let us leave aside the realm of science fiction, ____ time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the same way as ____ see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the ____ that govern its development, they can predict how the mature organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the ____

There ____ a direct and almost physical connection between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one also knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will ____ like.

Emotions play powerful roles in ____ behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments and decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on these models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, ____ are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

However, attempts to add an ____ component to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and images in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier ____

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has already ____ several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in ____ health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing self-efficacy.

Education has always emphasized rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical ____

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability ____ can be fostered but not taught.

Psychological ____ have found that the natural creativity of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a psychologist Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring ____ deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations of previous patterns is ____ to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental principle of which is that ____ particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are ____ as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative patterns instead of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually ____ process, whereas lateral thinking permits significant leaps.

The individual ____ involved in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead of ____ evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point has been reached, it ____ often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has been accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely ____ matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is ____ down once construction has been completed.

The various parts of the ____ do not have to stand on their own during each phase of the project.

But once the keystone has been laid, the entire ____ must be self-supporting.