2026 수특 영독연 13강 변형문제 (19-25번)

____ have aided the scientific process for decades.

Will they be able to take the ____ step, and help us automatically identify promising new discoveries and technologies?

If so, it could drastically accelerate the advancement of science. Indeed, scientists have been relying on robot-driven laboratory instruments to screen for drugs and to ____ genomes.

But, humans are still responsible for ____ hypotheses, designing experiments, and drawing conclusions.

What if a machine could be responsible for the entire scientific process — formulating a hypothesis, designing and running the experiment, analyzing data, and deciding which experiment to run next — all without human ____

The idea may sound like a plot from a ____ sci-fi novel, but that sci-fi scenario has, in fact, already happened.

Indeed, back in 2009, a robotic system made a new scientific discovery ____ virtually no human intellectual input.

Solutions we choose to solve environmental problems depend upon how we value people and ____ environment.

For example, if we believe that human population growth is a problem, then conscious decisions to reduce ____ population growth reflect a value decision that we as a society choose to endorse and implement.

As another example, consider flooding of small urban streams. Flooding is a hazard experienced ____ many communities.

The study of rivers and their ____ processes leads to a number of potential solutions for a given flood hazard.

We may choose to place ____ stream in a concrete box — a remedy that can significantly reduce the flood hazard.

Alternatively, we may choose to ____ our urban streams and their floodplains, the flat land adjacent to the river that periodically floods, as greenbelts.

This choice will reduce damage from flooding while providing habitat for a variety of animals including raccoons, foxes, beavers, and muskrats that use the stream environment; resident and migratory birds that nest, feed, and rest close to a river; and a variety of fish that live in the river system. We will also be more comfortable when ____ with the river. That is why river parks are so popular.

The generalization, that adult exercise ____ modern, is kind of obvious.

Early farmers had to toil as hard as if not harder than hunter-gatherers, and for the last few thousand years farmers primarily exercised, often through sports, ____ prepare for fighting.

____ texts like The Iliad, paintings from pharaonic Egypt, and Mesopotamian carvings testify that sports like wrestling, sprinting, and javelin throwing helped would-be warriors keep fit and hone combat skills.

But not all exercise in the ancient world was combat ____

If you were wealthy enough to attend one of the great Athenian schools of philosophy, you would have been advised ____ exercise as part of your physical education.

Philosophers like Plato, Socrates, and Zeno of Citium preached that to live the best possible life, one should exercise not ____ one’s mind but also one’s body.

This idea ____ not just Western.

Confucius ____ other prominent Chinese philosophers also taught that exercise was equally essential for physical and mental health and encouraged regular gymnastics and martial arts.

There is considerable debate about whether or not the future really exists and, if it does, where one could find ____

Let ____ leave aside the realm of science fiction, where time travelers are able actually to experience the future “before it happens,” and concentrate on those visions in which the future is somehow knowable because it is connected to the past and the present.

Some scholars see time in much the ____ way as biologists see living organisms.

If biologists know the genetic material of an organism and the conditions in which it lives (its nutrition, for example), and they know the laws that govern its development, they can predict how the ____ organism will look and behave.

In much the same way, some scholars argue, the future somehow “grows” out of conditions in the past and the ____

There is a direct and almost ____ connection between past and future.

If one perceives the present and the past correctly, and if one ____ knows the laws that govern development or growth, then one can forecast fairly accurately what the future will be like.

Emotions play powerful roles in health-related behaviors, motivating both currentbehavior and efforts to change future behavior, altering the way we process health-related information and shaping health-related judgments ____ decisions.

After many years in which theoretical models of health behavior — and intervention efforts based on ____ models — emphasized knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-efficacy, emotions are increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role.

____ attempts to add an emotional component to behavior change interventions have focused almost exclusively on fear.

Public service announcements (PSAs) promoting behavior change (e.g., smoking cessation, healthy diet) routinely present frightening facts and ____ in an effort to scare the viewer into adopting a healthier lifestyle.

Although fear appeals are highly memorable, they are effective in promoting behavior change only if they also boost self-efficacy so viewers believe they are able to do whatever is needed to avoid the dangerous outcome; otherwise, they simply tune out the message. Because a typical viewer has ____ tried several times to make the change in question and failed, this is a substantial challenge.

Emotions have played a vital role in steering health-related behaviors, but evoking fear may not be effective without increasing ____

Education has always ____ rules and logical thinking. Step-by-step learning proceeds in a predetermined direction (vertical thinking).

Researchers have viewed creativity as a mysterious ability that can be fostered but ____ taught.

Psychological studies have found that the ____ creativity of children often declines after a couple of years in school.

According to a ____ Edward de Bono, creativity requires the restructuring of deep-rooted patterns.

The ability, whether innate or developed, to go beyond the limitations ____ previous patterns is integral to that process.

Lateral thinking is needed, the fundamental ____ of which is that any particular point of view is but one of many possibilities.

There are just as many descriptions of a phenomenon as there are perspectives. Lateral thinking seeks alternative ____ instead of simply building on existing models.

Vertical thinking is a gradually increasing process, whereas lateral thinking permits ____ leaps.

The individual steps ____ in lateral thinking need not be correct as long as the ultimate conclusion solves the problem.

Instead ____ constantly evaluating and accepting that which appears to be correct at the moment, an assessment is postponed.

Once a certain point has been ____ it is often possible to retrace a logical path to the starting point.

Once that has ____ accomplished, the direction and order of the various steps are unlikely to matter very much.

Lateral thinking is like building a vault or a bridge with scaffolding that is torn down once construction ____ been completed.

The various parts of the bridge do not have ____ stand on their own during each phase of the project.

____ once the keystone has been laid, the entire structure must be self-supporting.