2026 수특 영독연 14강 변형문제 (19-25번)

The brain does not try to use all of its billions of neurons to represent everything; different brain regions represent different kinds of ____ stimuli.

For example, the visual cortex ____ the back of the brain has neurons that respond to different visual inputs.

There are neuronal groups whose firing patterns correspond spatially ____ the structure of the input — for example, when a column of neurons fires together to represent the fact that a line is part of the visual stimulus.

Thus, different parts of the brain have groups of neurons that fire when different ____ of visual, olfactory (smell), taste, auditory, and touch stimuli are presented.

The human brain can do a lot more than just represent stimuli presented to it, because a group of neurons can respond to inputs ____ many groups of neurons.

This can produce a combined ____ of what the input neurons represent.

For example, there are regions in the frontal cortex of monkeys where the sensory modalities of taste, vision, and smell ____ together, enabling the representation of fruits and their key properties.

It is ____ therefore, that the brain is a superb representational device.

____ the last few centuries, experts have worried ceaselessly that we aren’t exercising enough.

Nationalism is one ____ source of this anxiety.

Just as ancient Spartans were required and Romans were urged to be fit enough to fight as soldiers, flag-waving ____ and educators increasingly encouraged ordinary citizens to participate in sports and other forms of exercise as preparation for military service.

____ especially influential proponent of this movement was Friedrich Jahn, the “Father of Gymnastics.”

Following Napoleon’s humiliating string of victories over German armies in the early nineteenth century, Jahn argued that educators had a responsibility to restore the physical and moral strength of his nation’s youth with gymnastics, hiking, ____ and more.

Later, similar worries in America were spurred by the embarrassing lack of fitness among many men ____ enlisted or were drafted for World Wars I and II and by the poor state of fitness among schoolchildren at the start of the Cold War.

____ movements to drum up fitness for the sake of the state still occur in China and elsewhere.

Many climatologists accept there is a real possibility of global climatic warming due to an ____ greenhouse effect.

As with many ____ changes, there would be winners and losers.

Were climate belts to shift toward higher latitudes, which seems the most likely overall result, parts of the Sahara and southern Russia would receive ____ rainfall.

They would benefit and their ____ output would increase.

On the other hand, southern Europe and the United ____ cereal belt might become drier.

If warming produced a rate of evaporation that exceeded the increase ____ the rate of precipitation, soils would become more arid.

It may be, however, that warming will be experienced as a reduction in the fall of temperature at night, due to ____ cloudiness, with little or no change in daytime temperatures.

In that event, nighttime frosts would become less frequent, soils would become somewhat moister, and agriculture would ____

Social media platforms enhance learning experiences, increase ____ interaction, and foster engagement.

However, ____ like with other pedagogical activities, understand the why behind what you do with social media.

Knowing this reason ____ guide you with choosing the most effective digital tool for reaching your instructional goals.

Be sure to match your instructional goals ____ digital tools that are accessible on websites and apps.

When selecting digital tools, refrain from being attracted to apps with fireworks and flying colors ____ such highly attractive apps may not necessarily serve your academic purposes nor your students’ learning needs.

Selecting a ____ media platform is a practical decision based on making a good fit with a targeted skill.

For example, many social media platforms do not fit well with skills such as writing ____ and giving formal presentations.

Yet, these platforms can enhance ____ pedagogical activities such as classroom assessment techniques by allowing students to provide virtual input about a topic through social interaction.

The only way to produce crystal-clear writing is to know how a ____ will respond to the choices you make in composing text and graphics.

You need to know which sentence structures are most easily understood, which organization of material into sections is most easily followed, and ____ on.

It’s certainly possible to offer some general rules along these lines: for ____ “use the active voice,” “divide the paper into Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections,” and “use a figure instead of a table when quantities are to be compared.”

In principle, you could tape a long list ____ such rules above your computer and treat it as the voice of authority on how to reach readers.

But long lists of rules are boring. Besides, using them makes writing ____ and good writing sometimes entails knowing when to bend the rules instead of following them.

Furthermore, using a list of rules is oddly indirect: instead of relying on rules you’ve been told will produce clear text, surely it would be more effective to understand ____ readers think, and write to that understanding.

In order to produce clear writing, you need to ____ the viewpoint of your audience and apply general writing rules flexibly.

In the early 1970s, the Peace Corps office in Botswana was concerned by the number of volunteers who seemed to be “burned out,” failing in their assignments, leaving the assigned villages, and ____ hostile to their Tswana hosts.

The Peace Corps asked ____ anthropologist Hoyt Alverson, who was familiar with Tswana culture and society, for advice.

Alverson discovered that one major problem the Peace Corps volunteers were having involved exactly the issue of similar actions having very different ____

The volunteers complained that the Tswana would never leave ____ alone.

Whenever they tried to get away and sit by themselves for a few minutes to have some private time, one or ____ Tswana would quickly join them.

This ____ the Americans angry.

From their perspective, everyone is entitled to a certain amount of privacy ____ time alone.

To the Tswana, however, human life is social life; the only people who want to be alone are ____ and the insane.

Because these young Americans did not seem to be either, the Tswana who ____ them sitting alone naturally assumed that there had been a breakdown in hospitality and that the volunteers would welcome some company.

Here, one behavior — a person walking out into a field and sitting by ____ or herself — had two very different meanings.