2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

Internalization depends ____ supports for autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely to lead people ____ value activities as their own.

This is not to say that controls don’t work to produce behavior — decades of operant psychology ____ that they can.

____ is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the person does not develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but ____ remains dependent on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child to do homework are more likely to have a child who does so ____ when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

____ salience of external controls undermines the acquisition of self-responsibility.

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding ____ difficulties overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for work in their child.

Sustainable ____ is one of the goals of post-modern society.

The key element to strive for a sustainable ____ is sustainable well-being.

____ big challenge is to convince consumers to move towards more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although consumers generally express the desirability ____ and even the need for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their mouth is.

A sustainable future is not ____ by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically changing consumer behaviour.

However, it is difficult to change daily routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes ____ yet environmentally-friendly products.

Generally speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and ____ and most of the time they find it difficult to change habits.

Past behaviour affects ____ behaviour.

For instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be one ____ the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt electric mobility.

How we understand our world is shaped, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce research ____ tells us how the world works.

Yet, social science mostly ignores specific timing. This may be news ____ you.

But most ____ political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable to effectively model exact timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on a split second, or the notion ____ sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude measures are used, such as interaction ____ — the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to specific timing.

Variables are often just mixed, like a cooking recipe where the order in which the ingredients ____ added doesn’t matter.

But most recipes don’t work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers ____ social research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The particular ____ of economic resources, like that of other resources, has consequences for productivity and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and is an important incentive ____ further production.

However, sectors ____ different inclinations to consume, save, or invest their income.

If those that ____ their income productively receive a larger share of output, future production will probably increase.

If those sectors that spend all their earnings get ____ income, aggregate demand is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some sectors ____ only hoard income or invest it unproductively.

If these sectors are significant in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder ____ improvement.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief ____ he would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more productive.

____ however, these sectors are politically important to his regime, no preoccupation with reallocation or GNP growth will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting ____ on the basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly conservative in such judgements).

Why is this? One answer is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of ____ shortcuts rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — one that is directly pertinent to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not ____ control of is beneficial to us.

____ reasons have been suggested for why this is, including the idea that the confidence this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is being motivated to put more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes ____ all the more impressive.

Perhaps the most important and perhaps the ____ neglected leadership virtue is hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of management ____ that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as nails, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly face reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope means accepting reality as it is. Relying on hope ____ than facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders can be both hopeful and realistic as ____ as the possibilities for change remain open.

Being realistic differs ____ facing reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with an eye to optimism, aware of the consequences ____ fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a situation or circumstance.

Why ____ leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence suggests hope can change events for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, ____ or other forms of targeted social capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do not have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.