2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

Internalization depends on ____ for autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards and ____ or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely to lead people to value activities as their own.

This is not to ____ that controls don’t work to produce behavior — decades of operant psychology prove that they can.

It is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to be merely externally ____ or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the person does ____ develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but instead remains dependent on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child to do homework are more likely to have a ____ who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

The ____ of external controls undermines the acquisition of self-responsibility.

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of ____ overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for work in their child.

Sustainable development is one of the goals of ____ society.

The key element to ____ for a sustainable society is sustainable well-being.

The big challenge is to convince consumers to move towards ____ sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although consumers generally express the desirability of, and even the need for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they ____ do not put their money where their mouth is.

A sustainable future is not reached by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by ____ changing consumer behaviour.

However, it is difficult to change daily routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes ____ yet environmentally-friendly products.

Generally speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time they find it difficult to change ____.

Past ____ affects future behaviour.

For instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be one of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt ____ mobility.

How we understand our world is ____, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce research that tells us how the world works.

____, social science mostly ignores specific timing. This may be news to you.

But ____ economists, political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable to effectively model exact timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be ____ difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on a split second, or the notion that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude measures are used, such as interaction effects — the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to ____ timing.

Variables are often just mixed, like a cooking recipe where the order in which the ingredients are ____ doesn’t matter.

But most recipes ____ work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers in social research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The particular allocation of economic resources, like that of ____ resources, has consequences for productivity and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of ____ and is an important incentive to further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, save, or invest their ____.

If those that invest their income productively receive a larger share of output, future production will probably ____.

If ____ sectors that spend all their earnings get more income, aggregate demand is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some sectors will only hoard income or ____ it unproductively.

If these sectors are significant in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder economic ____.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief concern, he would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to ____ the economy more productive.

If, however, these sectors are politically ____ to his regime, no preoccupation with reallocation or GNP growth will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on the basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly conservative in ____ judgements).

Why is this? One answer is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual shortcuts rather than a bias ____ the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — ____ that is directly pertinent to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not in control of is beneficial to us.

Several reasons have been suggested for why this is, ____ the idea that the confidence this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is ____ motivated to put more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes are all the more impressive.

Perhaps the most ____ and perhaps the most neglected leadership virtue is hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of management theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as ____, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly face reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope means accepting reality as it is. Relying on hope rather ____ facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders ____ be both hopeful and realistic as long as the possibilities for change remain open.

Being realistic differs from ____ reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with an eye to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a ____ or circumstance.

Why should leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence suggests hope ____ change events for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people ____ are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms of targeted social capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do not have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.