2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

____ depends on supports for autonomy.

Contexts that ____ controlling strategies such as salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely to lead people to value activities as their own.

This is not to say that controls don’t work to produce behavior — ____ of operant psychology prove that they can.

It is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to ____ merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the ____ does not develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but instead remains dependent on external controls.

Thus, parents ____ reward, force, or cajole their child to do homework are more likely to have a child who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

The salience of external controls undermines the acquisition of ____

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for ____ in their child.

Sustainable development is one of the goals of ____ society.

The key element to strive for a sustainable society is ____ well-being.

____ big challenge is to convince consumers to move towards more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although consumers generally express the desirability of, and even the ____ for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their mouth is.

____ sustainable future is not reached by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically changing consumer behaviour.

However, it is difficult to change daily ____ and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes unattractive yet environmentally-friendly products.

Generally speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time they ____ it difficult to change habits.

Past behaviour affects future ____

For instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the ____ of habits to be one of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt electric mobility.

How we understand our world is shaped, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce research that tells us how the ____ works.

Yet, social science mostly ignores specific timing. This ____ be news to you.

But most economists, political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable ____ effectively model exact timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on a split ____ or the notion that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude measures are used, such as interaction effects ____ the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to specific timing.

Variables are often ____ mixed, like a cooking recipe where the order in which the ingredients are added doesn’t matter.

But most recipes don’t work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers in ____ research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The particular allocation of economic resources, like that of other resources, has consequences for ____ and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and ____ an important incentive to further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, save, ____ invest their income.

If those that invest their income ____ receive a larger share of output, future production will probably increase.

If those sectors that spend ____ their earnings get more income, aggregate demand is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some sectors will ____ hoard income or invest it unproductively.

If these sectors are significant in the economy ____ a developing country, they will hinder economic improvement.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief concern, ____ would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more productive.

If, however, these sectors are politically important to his regime, no preoccupation with reallocation or GNP growth ____ be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on the basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its ____ (i.e., being overly conservative in such judgements).

Why is this? One ____ is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual shortcuts rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — one that is directly ____ to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not in control of is beneficial to us.

Several ____ have been suggested for why this is, including the idea that the confidence this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is being motivated to put more effort into our ____ so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes are all the more impressive.

Perhaps the most important and perhaps the most neglected leadership virtue ____ hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of ____ theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as nails, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly face reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope means accepting reality as it is. Relying ____ hope rather than facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders can be both hopeful and realistic as ____ as the possibilities for change remain open.

Being realistic differs ____ facing reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with an ____ to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a situation or circumstance.

Why should leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence ____ hope can change events for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms of targeted ____ capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do not have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.