2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

____ depends on supports for autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, ____ pressures are least likely to lead people to value activities as their own.

This is ____ to say that controls don’t work to produce behavior — decades of operant psychology prove that they can.

It is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the ____ the person is likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the person does not develop a value or investment in the ____, but instead remains dependent on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child to do homework are more likely to have a child who does so only when ____, cajoled, or forced.

The salience of external controls undermines the acquisition of ____.

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a ____ of willingness and value for work in their child.

Sustainable development is ____ of the goals of post-modern society.

The ____ element to strive for a sustainable society is sustainable well-being.

The big ____ is to convince consumers to move towards more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although consumers generally express the desirability of, and even the need for, a ____ eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their mouth is.

A sustainable future is ____ reached by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically changing consumer behaviour.

However, it is difficult to change daily routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes unattractive yet environmentally-friendly ____.

Generally speaking, consumers want ____, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time they find it difficult to change habits.

Past behaviour affects ____ behaviour.

For instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be one of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt electric ____.

How we understand our world is shaped, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce ____ that tells us how the world works.

Yet, social science mostly ____ specific timing. This may be news to you.

But most economists, political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable to effectively model ____ timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on a split second, or the ____ that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude ____ are used, such as interaction effects — the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to specific timing.

Variables are often just mixed, like a cooking recipe where the order in which the ingredients are ____ doesn’t matter.

But most recipes don’t work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers in social ____ if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The particular allocation of ____ resources, like that of other resources, has consequences for productivity and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and is an ____ incentive to further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, save, or ____ their income.

If those that invest their income productively receive a larger share of output, future production will ____ increase.

If those ____ that spend all their earnings get more income, aggregate demand is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some ____ will only hoard income or invest it unproductively.

If ____ sectors are significant in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder economic improvement.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief ____, he would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more productive.

If, however, these sectors are politically important to his regime, no preoccupation with reallocation or GNP ____ will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and ____, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on the basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly conservative in such judgements).

Why is this? One answer is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual shortcuts rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more ____ advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — one that is directly ____ to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not in control of is beneficial to us.

Several reasons have been suggested for why this is, including the ____ that the confidence this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is being motivated to put more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes are ____ the more impressive.

Perhaps the most important and perhaps the most ____ leadership virtue is hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of management theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be ____ as nails, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly face reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope ____ accepting reality as it is. Relying on hope rather than facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders ____ be both hopeful and realistic as long as the possibilities for change remain open.

Being realistic differs from ____ reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with an ____ to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a situation or circumstance.

Why ____ leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence suggests hope can change events for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms of targeted social capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do not have the benefit of this hopeful ____ capital.