2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

Internalization depends on supports ____ autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely to lead people to value ____ as their own.

This is not to say that controls don’t work to produce ____ — decades of operant psychology prove that they can.

It ____ rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the person does not develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but ____ remains dependent on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child to do ____ are more likely to have a child who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

The salience of external controls undermines the acquisition ____ self-responsibility.

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties ____ problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for work in their child.

Sustainable development ____ one of the goals of post-modern society.

The ____ element to strive for a sustainable society is sustainable well-being.

The big ____ is to convince consumers to move towards more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although ____ generally express the desirability of, and even the need for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their mouth is.

____ sustainable future is not reached by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically changing consumer behaviour.

However, it is difficult to change daily routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes unattractive yet ____ products.

Generally speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time ____ find it difficult to change habits.

Past behaviour affects ____ behaviour.

____ instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be one of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt electric mobility.

How we understand our world is shaped, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce research ____ tells us how the world works.

Yet, social science mostly ____ specific timing. This may be news to you.

But most ____ political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable to effectively model exact timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative ____ used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on a split second, or the notion that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude ____ are used, such as interaction effects — the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to specific timing.

Variables are often just mixed, like a cooking recipe ____ the order in which the ingredients are added doesn’t matter.

But most recipes don’t work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get ____ wrong answers in social research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The ____ allocation of economic resources, like that of other resources, has consequences for productivity and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and is an important incentive ____ further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, ____ or invest their income.

If ____ that invest their income productively receive a larger share of output, future production will probably increase.

If ____ sectors that spend all their earnings get more income, aggregate demand is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some sectors will only hoard income or invest ____ unproductively.

If ____ sectors are significant in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder economic improvement.

If raising gross national product is ____ statesman’s chief concern, he would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more productive.

If, however, these sectors are politically important to his regime, no preoccupation with reallocation ____ GNP growth will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on ____ basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly conservative in such judgements).

Why is this? One answer is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual ____ rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — one that is directly pertinent to superstition — is that ____ in control of situations that we are in fact not in control of is beneficial to us.

Several reasons have been suggested for why this is, including the idea that the ____ this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is being motivated to put more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes are all the ____ impressive.

Perhaps the most important and perhaps the most neglected leadership virtue is ____

One reason why hope is neglected is because of management theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as nails, to be objective, and in other ways ____ blindly face reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope ____ accepting reality as it is. Relying on hope rather than facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders can be both hopeful and ____ as long as the possibilities for change remain open.

Being realistic ____ from facing reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with ____ eye to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a situation or circumstance.

Why should leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence suggests hope can change events for the ____

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms of targeted ____ capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do not have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.