2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

Internalization depends ____ supports for autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards ____ punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely to lead people to value activities as their own.

This is not to say that controls don’t work to produce behavior — decades of operant psychology prove ____ they can.

It is rather that the ____ salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the person does not develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but instead remains ____ on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, ____ cajole their child to do homework are more likely to have a child who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

The salience ____ external controls undermines the acquisition of self-responsibility.

____ parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for work in their child.

Sustainable development is one of the goals ____ post-modern society.

The key ____ to strive for a sustainable society is sustainable well-being.

The big challenge is to convince ____ to move towards more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although ____ generally express the desirability of, and even the need for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their mouth is.

____ sustainable future is not reached by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically changing consumer behaviour.

However, it is difficult to change ____ routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes unattractive yet environmentally-friendly products.

Generally speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time they find it difficult ____ change habits.

Past behaviour affects ____ behaviour.

For ____ a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be one of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt electric mobility.

How we understand our world is shaped, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce research that tells us how the world ____

Yet, social science ____ ignores specific timing. This may be news to you.

But most economists, political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable to effectively model ____ timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on a split second, or the notion that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of ____ random events.

Instead, crude measures are used, such as interaction effects — the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to specific ____

Variables are often just mixed, like a ____ recipe where the order in which the ingredients are added doesn’t matter.

But ____ recipes don’t work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers in social research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The particular allocation of economic resources, like that of other resources, has consequences for productivity and ____ output.

Output ____ distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and is an important incentive to further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, save, or invest their ____

If ____ that invest their income productively receive a larger share of output, future production will probably increase.

If those sectors that spend all their earnings get more income, aggregate demand ____ raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some sectors will only hoard income or invest ____ unproductively.

If these sectors ____ significant in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder economic improvement.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief concern, he would do ____ to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more productive.

If, however, these sectors are politically important to his regime, no preoccupation with ____ or GNP growth will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on the basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly ____ in such judgements).

Why is this? One answer ____ simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual shortcuts rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — one that is directly pertinent to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not in control ____ is beneficial to us.

Several ____ have been suggested for why this is, including the idea that the confidence this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of ____ is being motivated to put more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes are all the more impressive.

Perhaps the most important and perhaps the most neglected ____ virtue is hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of management theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as nails, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly ____ reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope means ____ reality as it is. Relying on hope rather than facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders can be both hopeful and realistic as long as the possibilities ____ change remain open.

Being realistic differs from facing reality in ____ ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with an eye to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability ____ a situation or circumstance.

Why should leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence ____ hope can change events for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms of targeted social capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick ____ who do not have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.