2026 수능완성 영어 9강 변형문제

Avian song learning occurs in two ____ first, songs must be memorized and, second, they must be practiced.

In some species these two events overlap, but in others memorization can occur before practice by several months, providing an impressive example of long-term memory ____

The young bird’s initial efforts to reproduce the memorized song are ____ not successful.

____ early songs may have uneven pitch, irregular tempo, and notes that are out of order or poorly reproduced.

However, sound graphs of songs recorded over several weeks or months reveal that ____ this practice period the bird fine-tunes his efforts until he produces an accurate copy of the memorized template.

This process requires hearing oneself sing; birds ____ unable to reproduce memorized songs if they are deafened after memorization but before the practice period.

From ____ competitive perspective, sport enterprises are well advised to invest heavily in their branding strategy.

In an increasingly competitive climate built around ____ and disposable consumerism, sport enterprises must find ways to establish long-term connections with consumers that maintain value beyond a brief transaction.

Branding offers the most ____ method for cultivating sustainable relationships between brands and their users.

In such intense environments where performances can ebb and flow on and off the field, the value inherent in a sport brand is the most resilient and long-lasting form ____ asset a sport enterprise can possess.

A strong brand gives its owner a stable foundation of value that can weather poor ____ new challenges, athletes that come and go, and rough markets.

Kuhn observed that sometimes anomalies ____ resist resolution.

Rather than washing away, ____ pile up, and a few may come to be viewed as especially pressing.

As researchers try to fix the problem, ____ accumulate. Consequently, the field enters a state of crisis.

The typical way out of this quagmire is the development of a fresh start, equipped with a ____ of novel tools and concepts.

As the new framework rapidly ____ itself and makes progress, outdated questions and ideas are set aside and, eventually, they are forgotten.

When this happens, when an older paradigm is replaced by a newer one, we have ____ Kuhn calls a scientific revolution.

The new paradigm eventually crystallizes into normal science, adopting a consensus-building role, producing fresh anomalies, which ____ trigger a crisis, followed by another revolution, and so on, in a continuous cycle.

Would not all animals ____ from being smart?

For instance, if the ____ perception that social primates are smarter than social ungulates is true, then we must ask why ungulates did not undergo selection for similar abilities.

Considering this issue underscores a fundamental point of evolutionary biology (and one not incorporated into the hypotheses proposed to date), namely that virtually all benefits entail costs ____ some kind.

Among the many costs of cognitive adaptations, perhaps ____ most prominent one is that the neural tissue underlying the abilities is energetically expensive to grow and maintain.

Thus, the key to understanding when improved cognition will be selected for is gaining insight into the relative costs and benefits of the ability ____ the lineage in question.

Over ____ the healthcare industry has grown to favor medical equipment and instruments that are used only once in a hospital, clinic, or patient’s home and then discarded.

Disposable items were initially developed to advance patient and provider ____

Single-use medical supplies, such as syringes, test kits, and scalpel blades, prevent germs and viruses from spreading from one patient to another and are essential in infection control and reducing hospital ____

Disposables — including masks, plastic gloves, and body protection — reduce incidents of infection among healthcare personnel while protecting patients from ____ carried by providers on their skin or clothing.

Single-use equipment also increases the efficiency of hospital and outpatient physician-patient interactions, which is increasingly important as shortages ____ healthcare personnel widen.

By reducing the burden of sterilization and disinfection after each medical intervention, single-use items allow healthcare providers to see more patients and spend more ____ with them.

Note that the problem structure of sustainability is not the same as the ____ of scarcity, which was central to the sustainability debates in the 1970s.

Scarcity is not a good measure for sustainability guidelines ____ we fail to be interested until the system or resource in question is totally consumed, or nearly so.

Scarcity also does not concern itself with how cycles and systems produce the resources, ____ water, that become scarce.

Focusing on ____ is like mopping up water on the floor without stopping the leak that produces the problem because it is blind to the larger causes.

____ other words, a concern for scarcity simply does not take account of the complexity within which modern societies operate.

Still, there is a ____ of uncertainty about the concrete boundaries in these systems, and this leaves a lot of contested terrain in the politics of sustainability.