2026 수능완성 영어 9강 변형문제

Avian song learning occurs ____ two stages: first, songs must be memorized and, second, they must be practiced.

In some species these two events overlap, but in others memorization can occur before ____ by several months, providing an impressive example of long-term memory storage.

The young bird’s initial efforts to reproduce the memorized song are ____ not successful.

These early songs may have uneven pitch, irregular tempo, ____ notes that are out of order or poorly reproduced.

However, sound graphs of songs recorded over ____ weeks or months reveal that during this practice period the bird fine-tunes his efforts until he produces an accurate copy of the memorized template.

This process requires hearing oneself sing; birds are unable ____ reproduce memorized songs if they are deafened after memorization but before the practice period.

From a competitive perspective, sport enterprises are well advised ____ invest heavily in their branding strategy.

In an increasingly competitive climate built around entertainment and disposable consumerism, sport ____ must find ways to establish long-term connections with consumers that maintain value beyond a brief transaction.

Branding offers the most effective method for cultivating sustainable ____ between brands and their users.

In such intense environments where performances can ebb and ____ on and off the field, the value inherent in a sport brand is the most resilient and long-lasting form of asset a sport enterprise can possess.

A strong brand gives its owner ____ stable foundation of value that can weather poor seasons, new challenges, athletes that come and go, and rough markets.

Kuhn observed that sometimes anomalies ____ resist resolution.

Rather than washing away, they pile up, and a few may come to be viewed as ____ pressing.

As researchers try to fix the problem, counterexamples accumulate. Consequently, the field ____ a state of crisis.

The typical way out of this quagmire is the development of a fresh start, equipped with a host of novel tools ____ concepts.

As the new framework rapidly establishes itself ____ makes progress, outdated questions and ideas are set aside and, eventually, they are forgotten.

When this happens, when an older paradigm is replaced by a newer one, we have what Kuhn calls a ____ revolution.

The new paradigm eventually crystallizes into normal science, adopting a consensus-building role, ____ fresh anomalies, which eventually trigger a crisis, followed by another revolution, and so on, in a continuous cycle.

Would not ____ animals benefit from being smart?

____ instance, if the common perception that social primates are smarter than social ungulates is true, then we must ask why ungulates did not undergo selection for similar abilities.

Considering this issue underscores a fundamental point of evolutionary biology (and one not incorporated into the hypotheses ____ to date), namely that virtually all benefits entail costs of some kind.

Among the many costs of cognitive adaptations, perhaps the most prominent one is that the neural tissue underlying the abilities is energetically ____ to grow and maintain.

Thus, the key to understanding ____ improved cognition will be selected for is gaining insight into the relative costs and benefits of the ability for the lineage in question.

Over time the healthcare industry has grown to favor medical equipment and instruments that are used only once in a hospital, ____ or patient’s home and then discarded.

Disposable items were initially developed to advance patient ____ provider safety.

Single-use medical supplies, such as syringes, test kits, and scalpel blades, prevent germs and viruses from spreading from one patient to another ____ are essential in infection control and reducing hospital bacteria.

Disposables — including masks, plastic gloves, and body protection — reduce incidents of infection among healthcare personnel while protecting ____ from germs carried by providers on their skin or clothing.

Single-use equipment also ____ the efficiency of hospital and outpatient physician-patient interactions, which is increasingly important as shortages of healthcare personnel widen.

By ____ the burden of sterilization and disinfection after each medical intervention, single-use items allow healthcare providers to see more patients and spend more time with them.

Note that the problem structure of sustainability is not the same as the problem of scarcity, which was central to ____ sustainability debates in the 1970s.

____ is not a good measure for sustainability guidelines because we fail to be interested until the system or resource in question is totally consumed, or nearly so.

Scarcity ____ does not concern itself with how cycles and systems produce the resources, like water, that become scarce.

Focusing on scarcity is like mopping up water on the floor ____ stopping the leak that produces the problem because it is blind to the larger causes.

In other words, a concern for scarcity simply does not take account of the ____ within which modern societies operate.

Still, there is a lot of uncertainty about the concrete boundaries in these systems, and this leaves a lot of contested terrain in the politics ____ sustainability.