2026 수능완성 영어 9강 변형문제

Avian song learning occurs in ____ stages: first, songs must be memorized and, second, they must be practiced.

In some ____ these two events overlap, but in others memorization can occur before practice by several months, providing an impressive example of long-term memory storage.

The young bird’s initial efforts to reproduce the memorized song are usually not ____.

These early songs may have uneven pitch, irregular tempo, and notes that are out of ____ or poorly reproduced.

However, sound graphs of songs recorded over several weeks or months reveal that during this practice period the bird fine-tunes his ____ until he produces an accurate copy of the memorized template.

This process requires hearing oneself sing; birds are unable to reproduce memorized songs if they are deafened after memorization but ____ the practice period.

From a competitive perspective, sport ____ are well advised to invest heavily in their branding strategy.

In an increasingly competitive climate built around entertainment and ____ consumerism, sport enterprises must find ways to establish long-term connections with consumers that maintain value beyond a brief transaction.

Branding offers the most effective method for cultivating sustainable relationships ____ brands and their users.

In such intense environments where ____ can ebb and flow on and off the field, the value inherent in a sport brand is the most resilient and long-lasting form of asset a sport enterprise can possess.

A strong brand gives its owner a stable foundation of value that can weather poor seasons, new ____, athletes that come and go, and rough markets.

Kuhn observed that sometimes anomalies ____ resist resolution.

____ than washing away, they pile up, and a few may come to be viewed as especially pressing.

As researchers try to ____ the problem, counterexamples accumulate. Consequently, the field enters a state of crisis.

The typical way out of this quagmire is the development of a fresh start, equipped with a ____ of novel tools and concepts.

As the new framework rapidly establishes itself and makes progress, outdated questions and ____ are set aside and, eventually, they are forgotten.

When this happens, when an older paradigm is replaced by a ____ one, we have what Kuhn calls a scientific revolution.

The new paradigm eventually ____ into normal science, adopting a consensus-building role, producing fresh anomalies, which eventually trigger a crisis, followed by another revolution, and so on, in a continuous cycle.

Would ____ all animals benefit from being smart?

For ____, if the common perception that social primates are smarter than social ungulates is true, then we must ask why ungulates did not undergo selection for similar abilities.

Considering this issue underscores a ____ point of evolutionary biology (and one not incorporated into the hypotheses proposed to date), namely that virtually all benefits entail costs of some kind.

Among the many costs of cognitive adaptations, perhaps the most prominent one is that the neural tissue underlying the abilities is energetically expensive to grow and ____.

Thus, the key to understanding when improved cognition will be selected for is gaining insight into the relative costs and benefits of the ability for the ____ in question.

Over time the healthcare industry has grown to favor medical equipment and instruments that are used only once in a hospital, clinic, or patient’s ____ and then discarded.

Disposable items were initially developed to ____ patient and provider safety.

Single-use medical supplies, such as syringes, test kits, and scalpel blades, prevent germs and viruses from spreading from one patient to another and are essential in infection control and ____ hospital bacteria.

Disposables — including masks, plastic gloves, and ____ protection — reduce incidents of infection among healthcare personnel while protecting patients from germs carried by providers on their skin or clothing.

Single-use equipment also ____ the efficiency of hospital and outpatient physician-patient interactions, which is increasingly important as shortages of healthcare personnel widen.

By reducing the burden of sterilization and disinfection after each medical intervention, single-use ____ allow healthcare providers to see more patients and spend more time with them.

Note that the problem structure of sustainability is not the same as the ____ of scarcity, which was central to the sustainability debates in the 1970s.

Scarcity is ____ a good measure for sustainability guidelines because we fail to be interested until the system or resource in question is totally consumed, or nearly so.

Scarcity also does not concern itself with how cycles and ____ produce the resources, like water, that become scarce.

Focusing on scarcity is like mopping up water on the floor without ____ the leak that produces the problem because it is blind to the larger causes.

In other words, a concern for scarcity simply does not take account of the complexity within which modern societies ____.

Still, there is a lot of uncertainty ____ the concrete boundaries in these systems, and this leaves a lot of contested terrain in the politics of sustainability.