2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

Internalization depends on supports ____ autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such as salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely ____ lead people to value activities as their own.

This is not to say that controls don’t work to produce behavior — decades of operant psychology prove that they ____

It is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person is likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her ____

Consequently, the person does not develop a value or ____ in the behaviors, but instead remains dependent on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child to do homework are ____ likely to have a child who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

The ____ of external controls undermines the acquisition of self-responsibility.

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate ____ sense of willingness and value for work in their child.

Sustainable development is one of the goals of ____ society.

The key element to strive ____ a sustainable society is sustainable well-being.

The big challenge is to convince consumers to move ____ more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although consumers generally express the desirability of, and even the need for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their ____ is.

A sustainable future is not reached ____ diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically changing consumer behaviour.

____ it is difficult to change daily routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes unattractive yet environmentally-friendly products.

____ speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time they find it difficult to change habits.

Past behaviour ____ future behaviour.

For instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be ____ of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to adopt electric mobility.

How we understand our world is shaped, to a ____ degree, by people who produce research that tells us how the world works.

Yet, social science ____ ignores specific timing. This may be news to you.

But most economists, political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are unable ____ effectively model exact timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult to model something like a coup pivoting on ____ split second, or the notion that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude measures are used, such as interaction effects — the presence of ____ variables together, but usually without regard to specific timing.

Variables are often just mixed, like a cooking recipe where the order in which the ingredients ____ added doesn’t matter.

But most recipes don’t work like that, and you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers in social research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing ____ sequence.

The particular allocation of economic resources, ____ that of other resources, has consequences for productivity and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and is ____ important incentive to further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, save, or ____ their income.

If those that invest their income productively receive a larger share of output, ____ production will probably increase.

If those sectors that spend all their earnings get ____ income, aggregate demand is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

____ sectors will only hoard income or invest it unproductively.

If ____ sectors are significant in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder economic improvement.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief concern, he would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more ____

If, however, these sectors are ____ important to his regime, no preoccupation with reallocation or GNP growth will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread ____ of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on the basis of too little evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly conservative in such judgements).

Why is this? One answer is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual ____ rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer — one that is directly pertinent to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not in control of is ____ to us.

Several reasons have been suggested for why this is, including the idea that the confidence this inspires, although ____ in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is being motivated to ____ more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in fact influence outcomes, those outcomes are all the more impressive.

Perhaps the most important and perhaps the most neglected leadership ____ is hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of management theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as nails, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly face ____

But facing reality rather than relying on hope means accepting reality as it is. Relying on hope rather than facing reality means working ____ change reality — hopefully.

Leaders can be both hopeful and realistic as long as the ____ for change remain open.

Being realistic differs from ____ reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the odds with an eye to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a situation or ____

Why should leaders be hopeful? Because the evidence suggests hope can change ____ for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms ____ targeted social capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do not have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.