2026 수능완성 영어 6강 변형

____ depends on supports for autonomy.

Contexts that use controlling strategies such ____ salient rewards and punishments or evaluative, selfesteem-hooking pressures are least likely to lead people to value activities as their own.

This is not to say that controls don’t work to produce behavior — decades of operant psychology prove that they ____

It is rather that the more salient the external control over a person’s behavior, the more the person ____ likely to be merely externally regulated or introjected in his or her actions.

Consequently, the person does not develop a value or investment in the behaviors, but instead remains ____ on external controls.

Thus, parents who reward, force, or cajole their child ____ do homework are more likely to have a child who does so only when rewarded, cajoled, or forced.

The salience of external controls undermines ____ acquisition of self-responsibility.

Alternatively, parents who supply reasons, show an emotional understanding of difficulties overcoming problems, and use a minimum of external incentives are more likely to cultivate a sense of willingness and value for work in their ____

Sustainable development is one of the ____ of post-modern society.

The key ____ to strive for a sustainable society is sustainable well-being.

The ____ challenge is to convince consumers to move towards more sustainable consumption behaviour.

Although consumers generally express the desirability of, ____ even the need for, a more eco-friendly lifestyle, they often do not put their money where their mouth is.

A sustainable future is not reached by diminishing ‘unsustainability’, but by radically ____ consumer behaviour.

However, it is ____ to change daily routines and consumers’ perceptions of sometimes unattractive yet environmentally-friendly products.

Generally speaking, consumers want attractive, convenient products, thereby often disregarding higher consumption levels of energy and materials, and most of the time they find ____ difficult to change habits.

Past behaviour affects future ____

For instance, a study of the motivational determinants to adopt electric cars found the strength of habits to be one of the most important factors that reduced the willingness to ____ electric mobility.

How ____ understand our world is shaped, to a remarkable degree, by people who produce research that tells us how the world works.

Yet, social science mostly ignores specific timing. This may be ____ to you.

But most economists, political scientists, and sociologists use quantitative tools that are ____ to effectively model exact timing.

Few datasets account for the precise sequence of events. In most quantitative methodologies used by social researchers, such as economists and political scientists, it would be exceedingly difficult ____ model something like a coup pivoting on a split second, or the notion that sometimes an outcome depends on the precise order of seemingly random events.

Instead, crude measures are used, such as interaction effects — the presence of two variables together, but usually without regard to specific ____

Variables are often ____ mixed, like a cooking recipe where the order in which the ingredients are added doesn’t matter.

But most recipes don’t work like that, ____ you’ll get unfortunate results if you add flour to a cake after you’ve baked it, just as you’ll get the wrong answers in social research if you pay little attention to aspects of timing and sequence.

The particular allocation of economic resources, like that of ____ resources, has consequences for productivity and future output.

Output is distributed as payments to owners of factors of production and is an important ____ to further production.

However, sectors have different inclinations to consume, save, or invest their ____

If those ____ invest their income productively receive a larger share of output, future production will probably increase.

If those sectors that spend all their earnings get more income, aggregate ____ is raised and thus investment by others is stimulated.

Some sectors will only hoard income or ____ it unproductively.

If these sectors are ____ in the economy of a developing country, they will hinder economic improvement.

If raising gross national product is the statesman’s chief concern, ____ would do well to alter the allocation of income against such sectors to make the economy more productive.

If, however, these sectors are politically important to his regime, no preoccupation with ____ or GNP growth will be feasible.

In his book Caveman Logic, Hank Davis examines the widespread nature of superstitious beliefs and behaviours, and his evolutionary explanation is that interpreting causality on the basis of too ____ evidence had greater survival prospects than its reverse (i.e., being overly conservative in such judgements).

____ is this? One answer is simply the value of heuristics: inheriting and being disposed to learn a range of intellectual shortcuts rather than a bias towards the slow analysis of causal relationships seems to have been more adaptively advantageous for our ancestors.

Another answer ____ one that is directly pertinent to superstition — is that feeling in control of situations that we are in fact not in control of is beneficial to us.

Several reasons have been suggested for why this is, including the idea that the ____ this inspires, although resulting in some mistakes, also has beneficial side-effects.

One of these is being motivated to put more effort into our endeavours, so that when we can in ____ influence outcomes, those outcomes are all the more impressive.

Perhaps the most important ____ perhaps the most neglected leadership virtue is hope.

One reason why hope is neglected is because of ____ theories that tell us to look at the evidence, to be tough as nails, to be objective, and in other ways to blindly face reality.

But facing reality rather than relying on hope means accepting reality ____ it is. Relying on hope rather than facing reality means working to change reality — hopefully.

Leaders can be both hopeful ____ realistic as long as the possibilities for change remain open.

____ realistic differs from facing reality in important ways.

Being realistic means calculating the ____ with an eye to optimism, aware of the consequences of fate without being resigned to the inevitability of a situation or circumstance.

Why should leaders ____ hopeful? Because the evidence suggests hope can change events for the better.

It is widely accepted that sick people who are hopeful members of support groups that provide encouragement, prayer, or other forms of targeted social capital get healthier and stay healthier than do sick people who do ____ have the benefit of this hopeful social capital.