2026 수능특강 영어독해연습 14강
12 정치 참여 모집의 사회경제적 지위 편향
Requests to take part politically arise from a variety of sources: through social media, or ____ a sermon at church, or from the newsletter of an organization of which one is a member, or directly from a friend, neighbor, or co-worker.
Because those who attempt to get others involved in politics act as “rational prospectors,” the ordinary processes through which people are asked to take part ____ not ameliorate the class bias in individual political voice.
Seeking to get results as efficiently as possible, rational prospectors aim their requests at those who are likely not only to say yes but also, ____ assenting, to participate effectively.
Often they target people who have been active in the past. The result is that participation undertaken ____ response to requests from others brings in a disproportionate share of previous activists,
which in turn exaggerates the socioeconomic status bias of ____ participation.
In this way, ordinary processes of recruitment to political involvement do not simply replicate the socioeconomic structuring of political participation: they ____ amplify it.
13 감정이 기억에 미치는 영향
Storing too many memories could slow down the process of retrieval, so memories that ____ deemed irrelevant are quietly erased.
This is why you probably cannot remember what you had for breakfast two Fridays ago as such information is unlikely to be ____
This of course raises the question as to how we can determine in advance whether or not a memory is likely ____ be useful in the future.
____ factor is emotion.
In times of great stress, people will often have very detailed memories of the event; in extreme cases this ____ manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Sufferers of PTSD can be overwhelmed by memories of ____ events and can show hypervigilance in threatening situations.
Although PTSD is clearly ____ it may be an extreme form of a process that is evolutionarily useful.
It would surely be good design to ensure that an animal that has had, for example, a near-death experience would learn from that experience and display ____ in similar situations.
14 조작하는 사람이 인식할 때 가치 있는 정보
One example of information that has greatest value when it is in the awareness of a human operator can be ____ in the context of driving.
Vehicles today are designed with increasingly sophisticated sensor packages aimed at detecting ____ variety of aspects of the driving environment.
For example, ____ cameras and forward-looking radar systems can judge the distance to vehicles in front of a driver.
Computations that measure this information over time reveal changes ____ distance.
This information can be used to alert a driver when the change in distance for a given vehicle speed ____ rapid enough to suggest a collision might take place.
That ____ is important, but it is only valuable if the driver acts on it.
(Unless, of course, the vehicle itself acts on it ____ driver intervention.)
____ key here is that the driver must have the ability to pay attention to the information for the information to have value to the driver.
If the driver is distracted by a phone, for ____ they might fail to process the important information the vehicle is presenting.
15 세포의 성장과 지속 사이의 균형
A biologist, Tyler Volk, points out that cells are self-generated dynamic entities that at any given moment are always ____ the cusp between persisting and dying.
They manage to survive by using their metabolism to ____ ahead in this game.
When ____ wastes are expelled, the result is a loss of molecules.
To compensate, ____ also use metabolism to grow new molecules.
If the exchange is ____ least equal, the cell can persist in its present form.
If more molecules are generated than are ____ which adds protection against dying, net growth results, and the cell gets bigger.
But a cell can only ____ so much, as larger cells require more nutrients, and the cell runs up against a basic principle of physics — as a sphere gets bigger, its interior increases to a greater degree than its surface area.
For a cell, this makes it ____ for the surface to keep the flow of nutrients high enough to sustain the ever-larger interior.
So what’s a ____ to do? It divides in half and starts the process all over as it approaches its useful size limit.
This achieves a balance between ____ and persistence.
16 단기적인 반복 연습과 장기 기억
In a study, Iowa State University researchers read people lists of words, and then asked for each ____ to be recited back either right away, after fifteen seconds of rehearsal, or after fifteen seconds of doing very simple math problems that prevented rehearsal.
The subjects who were allowed to reproduce the lists right after hearing ____ did the best.
Those who had fifteen seconds to rehearse before reciting came in ____
The group distracted with math problems finished ____
Later, when everyone thought they were finished, they were all surprised with a pop quiz: write down every word ____ can recall from the lists.
Suddenly, the worst group became the best. Short-term rehearsal gave ____ short-term benefits.
Struggling to hold on to information and then recall it had helped the ____ distracted by math problems transfer the information from short-term to long-term memory.
The ____ with more and immediate rehearsal opportunity recalled nearly nothing on the pop quiz.
____ it turned out, was less important than struggle.
17 조직의 창발적 특성인 심리적 안전감
Psychological safety plays a powerful role in ____ science of failing well.
It allows people to ask for help when they’re in over their heads, which ____ eliminate preventable failures.
It helps them report — and hence catch and correct — errors to avoid worse outcomes, and it makes it possible to experiment in thoughtful ways to generate new ____
Think about the teams that you’ve been ____ part of at work or at school.
These groups probably varied in ____ safety.
Maybe in some you felt completely comfortable speaking up with a new idea, ____ disagreeing with a team leader.
In other teams you might have felt it was better to hold back — to wait and see what happened or what other people ____ and said before sticking your neck out.
That difference is now called psychological safety — and I have found in my research that it’s an emergent ____ of a group, not a personality difference.
This means your perception of whether it’s safe to ____ up at work is unrelated to whether you’re an extrovert or an introvert.
Instead, it’s shaped by how people ____ you react to things that you and others say and do.
18 공공 공간이 이주민에게 미치는 영향
We live in a highly mobile world, where people ____ regularly uprooted from their home locales.
Some do so by choice, but for others political or economic conditions ____ them to relocate to vastly different physical and cultural places.
In these circumstances, aside from their private realms, public space plays a role in creating a ____ of belonging to a new place.
The ____ qualities of public space — the smell of the sea, a familiar tree, the design of a fence, the quality of light, a soccer field — have an utmost capacity to create a connection to “home” for the new arrivals.
These seemingly ephemeral qualities ____ public space can bring deep psychological comfort by triggering a familiar memory, creating an interconnectedness, or forming a continuum between the past and the present.
These experiences in and of public space can also ____ a common or shared experience between the locals and the newcomers.